Superficial Grain Refinement of 316L Stainless Steel by Rolling with Rough Rolls.

This study presents a novel approach to producing superficial micro- and nanostructures using a cold rolling process with rough rolls, followed by low-temperature annealing. The proposed technique attempts to recreate the superficial deformation occurring in the sandblasting process. It allows for the generation of an inhomogeneous network, or tangle, of high-deformation zones on the material's surface that act as nucleation centers during the subsequent annealing process. However, the proposed method has a significant advantage over sandblasting: it is a continuous process with high productivity. An austenitic stainless-steel sheet, previously normalized, was used as the raw material. The samples were cold rolled using rough rolls (rhombic-based pyramids of 2.08 mm, 1.04 mm, and 1.5 mm in length, width, and height, respectively) and annealed at temperatures between 200 °C and 400 °C for one hour. An optical and electronic microstructure analysis showed the presence of small, heterogeneously distributed surface grains of 200-300 nm in diameter. Finite element analysis revealed significant deformation that was inhomogeneous and likely responsible for the uneven distribution of the recrystallized grains. Additionally, surface nanohardness results showed a 20% increase with respect to the central zone of the material. Finally, wear tests of the treated samples showed lower wear than samples rolled with conventional rolls.

Use of copper sheet in a solar photo-Fenton-like process applied in the treatment of landfill leachate.

It is known that copper can be used as catalyst in photo-Fenton-like process; however, there is a lack of information related with its use in the treatment of landfill leachate (LL) in solar photo-Fenton-like processes. Here, we studied the effect of the mass of a copper sheet, the pH of the solution, and the concentration of LL in the removal of the organic matter present in this water. Before the reaction with landfill leachate, the copper sheet used in the reaction was constituted by Cu+ and Cu2O, respectively. The results showed that in a volume of 0.5 L of a pretreated LL, the higher removal of organic matter resulted using a mass of 2.7 g of the copper sheet, a pH of solution of 5, and a concentration of LL of a 10%, obtaining a final value of C/C0 of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 0.34, 0.54, 0.66, and 0.84 for concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, and 0.0041, 0.0042, 0.0043, and 0.016 for concentration of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively, of C/C0 of humic acids. The photolysis on LL at its natural pH using solar UV removes very little humic acid and COD, going from 9.4 to 8.5 and 7.7 Abs254 for photolysis and UV + H2O2, obtaining 8.6 and 17.6% of removal, respectively, and 2.01 and 13.04% removal of COD, respectively. Copper sheet applied under Fenton-like conditions results in 65.9% removal and an increase of 0.2% for humic acid and COD, respectively. Removal using only H2O2 for Abs254 and COD was 11.95 and 4.3%, respectively. Raw LL produced a 29.1% inhibition of the biological activated sludge rate after the adjustment to pH 7 and the final process of inhibition was 0.23%.

Spanish version of the mini-BESTest: a translation, transcultural adaptation and validation study in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Balance is affected in numerous neurologic disorders, like stroke, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease contributing to falls, and diminishing quality of life and functionality. The mini-BESTest is one of the most recommended scales to detect balance disorders in people with Parkinson's disease, which has solid psychometric properties. Unfortunately, this scale has not been validated in Chile and there are no other validated scales that can determine balance disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease to date. The study objective was to validate the mini-BESTest scale in Chilean Parkinson's disease patients. The translation and adaptation to Chilean Spanish of the mini-BESTest scale were made following a cross-cultural adaptation process, to then obtain face and content validity by an expert committee. Afterwards, the demographic data and psychometric properties of internal consistency and ceiling and floor effects were measured with a sample of 50 subjects with Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, 10 subjects of the sample were evaluated with the purpose of measuring inter rater reliability. The scale presented a good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.845), and an excellent inter rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97), no ceiling or floor effects were found. The results of the face and content validity and psychometric properties are adequate, achieving the validation of the mini-BESTest scale for balance in Chilean people with Parkinson's disease.

Variations in concerns reported on the patient concerns inventory in patients with head and neck cancer from different health settings across the world.

BACKGROUND: The aim was to collate and contrast patient concerns from a range of different head and neck cancer follow-up clinics around the world. Also, we sought to explore the relationship, if any, between responses to the patient concerns inventory (PCI) and overall quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Nineteen units participated with intention of including 100 patients per site as close to a consecutive series as possible in order to minimize selection bias. RESULTS: There were 2136 patients with a median total number of PCI items selected of 5 (2-10). "Fear of the cancer returning" (39%) and "dry mouth" (37%) were most common. Twenty-five percent (524) reported less than good QOL. CONCLUSION: There was considerable variation between units in the number of items selected and in overall QOL, even after allowing for case-mix variables. There was a strong progressive association between the number of PCI items and QOL.

School Achievement and Performance in Chilean High Schools: The Mediating Role of Subjective Wellbeing in School-Related Evaluations.

School achievement gaps and school failure are problematic issues in Latin America, and are mainly explained by the socio-economic status (SES) of the students. What schools can do to improve school achievement and reduce school failure is a critical issue, both for school management and teacher training. In this study, we present the association of individual and school-related socio-emotional variables with school achievement and performance, controlling for the effects of SES. A probabilistic sample of 4,964 students, drawn from 191 schools enrolled in year 10 in urban areas of Chile, answered questionnaires assessing subjective wellbeing, social wellbeing in school, school climate, school social wellbeing and students' perceptions of teachers' wellbeing. Using structural equation modeling, and controlling for SES, we modeled subjective wellbeing as a mediator of the relationship between school-related variables, such as school climate and perception of teacher's wellbeing, and (a) school achievement, and (b) school performance. School achievement was computed as a product of (a) the probability of passing the school year, and (b) the percentage of yearly attendance at school. Data on school achievement was drawn from administrative registries from the Chilean Ministry of Education. School performance was computed as the estimated grade point average (GPA) at the end of the school year, based on the students' previous 5-year GPAs, and was also obtained through administrative data of the last 5 years. Findings reveal the mediating role of subjective wellbeing in the relationship between school-related evaluations (students' social wellbeing at school, their perception of teachers' wellbeing and school climate) and school achievement. For school achievement, two variables were mediated (students' social wellbeing at school and school climate). However, for school performance, no significant mediations were found. We conclude that, on the one hand, after controlling for SES, students' individual subjective wellbeing is associated with their achievement and performance in school. We discuss the importance of improving school experiences that may protect and promote students' subjective experience and school achievement and performance, and reduce the probability of school failure and dropout.

Anthropometric characteristics of elite rhythmic gymnasts / Características antropométricas de gimnastas rítmicas de elite

The main aim of this study was to identify the morphological characteristics, to determine the tendency in the physical structure, differences and similarities according to categories based on age of the Chilean team of Rhythmic Gymnastics. We performed an anthropometric analysis of 60 gymnasts, fractioned by categories: preschoolers and schoolers (n= 11), junior (n= 28) and senior (n= 21). The anthropometric analysis was determined based on the study of the body composition, through pentacompartimental fractionation method (Kerr), somatotype (Heath & Carter) and the body mass index (Quetelet). The results showed significant differences between preschoolers and schoolers and higher categories (junior and senior) in the general anthropometric variables of body mass, height and BMI. Regarding the body composition, we only found significant differences in the percentage of muscle mass between the preschoolers and schoolers when being compared with the other two categories. In the study of somatotype, the prevalence of ectomorphic categorization was only found in the preschoolers and schoolers (meso-ectomorph), while in the junior category a mesomorph-ectomorph somatotype was observed and a central type in the senior category. We conclude that the morphology of the selected Chilean Rhythmic gymnastics depends on the category, as observed in the anthropometric characteristics related to the body composition and somatotype. Therefore, this factor is not useful in establishing a clearer tendency in the morph structure for this sport at a national level.

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue identificar las características morfológicas para determinar la tendencia de la estructura física, las diferencias y similitudes de acuerdo con las categorías basadas en la edad de la Selección Chilena de Gimnasia Rítmica. Se realizó un análisis antropométrico de 60 gimnastas, fraccionado por categorías: preescolares y escolares (n = 11), junior (n = 28) y senior (n = 21). El análisis antropométrico se determinó en base al estudio de la composición corporal, a través del método de fraccionamiento pentacompartimental (Kerr), del somatotipo (Heath & Carter) y el índice de masa corporal (Quetelet). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre los niños preescolares y escolares y las categorías superiores (junior y senior) en las variables antropométricas generales de masa corporal, altura e IMC. En cuanto a la composición corporal, sólo encontramos diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de masa muscular entre los preescolares y escolares, cuando se comparan con las otras dos categorías. En el estudio del somatotipo, la prevalencia de la categorización ectomórfica solamente se encontró en los niños preescolares y escolares (meso-ectomorfo), mientras que en la categoría junior se observó un somatotipo mesomorfo-ectomorfo y un tipo central en la categoría senior. En conclusión, la morfología de los seleccionados de gimnasia rítmica chilena depende de la categoría, como se observa en las características antropométricas, relacionados con la composición corporal y el somatotipo. Por lo tanto, este factor no es útil para establecer una tendencia clara en la estructura morfológica para este deporte a nivel nacional.

Synchronic gastric and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A case report.

Simultaneous gastric and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an exceptional situation with short literature review. The accumulated risk throughout life in women is 0.8% for gastric cancer and 0.6% for pancreas cancer. We report a case where both tumors are demonstrated. The patient was surgically intervened removing both tumors and achieving total recovery, with no signs of tumor recurrence after four months. This is to remind us that simultaneous tumors do exist, especially when suggestive images of neoplasia appear in a patient previously diagnosed of tumor in another location.

Descripción de un caso de adenocarcinoma gástrico sincrónico con adenocarcinoma ductal de páncreas / Synchronic gastric and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. A case report

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Successive Oral Immunizations Against Piscirickettsia Salmonis and Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus are Required to Maintain a Long-Term Protection in Farmed Salmonids.

Currently, there is a growing demand to determine the protective status of vaccinated fish in order to prevent diseases outbreaks. A set of different parameters that include the infectious and immunological status of vaccinated salmonids from 622 Chilean farms were analyzed during 2011-2014. The aim of this study was to optimize the vaccination program of these centers through the determination of the protective state of vaccinated fish using oral immunizations. This state was determined from the association of the concentration of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the serum and the mortality rate of vaccinated fish. Salmonids were vaccinated with different commercial mono- or polyvalent vaccines against salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS) and infectious salmon anemia (ISA), first by the intraperitoneal injection of oil-adjuvanted antigens and then by the stimulation of mucosal immunity using oral vaccines as a booster vaccination. The results showed that high levels of specific IgM antibodies were observed after injectable vaccination, reaching a maximum concentration at 600-800 degree-days. Similar levels of antibodies were observed when oral immunizations were administrated. The high concentration of antibodies [above 2750 ng/mL for ISA virus (ISAv) and 3500 ng/mL for SRS] was maintained for a period of 800 degree-days after each vaccination procedure. In this regard, oral immunizations maintained a long-term high concentration of anti-SRS and anti-ISAv specific IgM antibodies. When the concentration of antibodies decreased below 2000 pg/mL, a window of susceptibility to SRS infection was observed in the farm, suggesting a close association between antibody levels and fish protective status. These results demonstrated that, in the field, several oral immunizations are essential to uphold a high level of specific anti-pathogens antibodies and, therefore, the protective status during the whole productive cycle.

El papel mediador de la capacitación docente en el manejo de la violencia escolar sobre el bienestar social de profesores / The mediating role of teacher training in the management of school violence on social welfare of teachers

La violencia escolar afecta negativamente, y el bienestar social escolar positivamente, la salud mental de los estudiantes y de sus profesores. En este estudio se analizó el efecto mediador de la necesidad de contar con capacitación en violencia escolar y de la magnitud de violencia escolar, en 397 profesores de escuelas básicas, sobre la asociación entre la frecuencia percibida de maltrato entre estudiantes y la coherencia social con que observan su contexto escolar. El modelo de mediación resultó significativo y mejoró el poder predictivo de la frecuencia de conductas de maltrato entre estudiantes sobre la coherencia social de la escuela. Sin embargo, es solo la percepción que los profesores tienen sobre su necesidad de capacitación en violencia escolar la variable que actúa como mediadora. Se discuten estos hallazgos en relación a la necesidad de fortalecer y mejorar los programas de capacitación y formación inicial y continua de los docentes.

Students' and teachers' mental health is negatively affected by school violence, and positively affected by teachers' social wellbeing in school. We analyzed the mediating effect of teachers' perceived need to receive training in school violence prevention, as well as teachers' perceived magnitude of violence in their schools, on the negative association between the frequency of student maltreatment and teachers' perception of social coherence in their school. 397 elementary school teachers participated in this study. The mediating model theorized proved significant and improved the predictive power of the frequency of student maltreatment on teachers' social coherence in school. However, only teachers' perceptions of the need to receive teacher training on school violence had a mediating effect. Findings are discussed in terms of the need to strengthen and improve teacher training programs in school violence and school wellbeing, both for in-service as well as for teachers in formation.

Expectativa de emigrar de internos de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador. 2012 / Expectation of emigrating from Resident Students of Medical Science of the University of Cuenca, Ecuador. 2012

Objetivo: Describir e identificar los factores que se relacionan con la expectativa de emigrar de los internos de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se encuestó a internos de medicina en su lugar de práctica. Se presentó medidas de frecuencia, de posición y de dispersión, se realizó un análisis de Chi cuadrado (Prueba X2) y se utilizó modelos de regresión logística simple. Se describió el odds ratio y su respectivo intervalo de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Participaron 152 internos de medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca, el 72,4% están interesados en emigrar motivados en su mayor parte por razones educativas. Entre los destinos más requeridos están: España, México, Argentina, Chile y Estados Unidos. El 3,6% indicó que no regresaría al país. Se identificaron como factores protectores relacionados con el interés de emigrar a provenir de otras provincias (OR:0,19; IC 95%: 0,04-0,83) y estudiar en Ecuador en el caso de que su postgrado se imparta en el país (OR:0,24; IC 95%: 0,08-0,69), como factores de riesgo a trabajar en una zona urbana (OR:4,33; IC 95%: 1,15-16,24) y cumplir con expectativa de ingreso económico en un país distinto al Ecuador (OR:2,76; IC 95%: 1,24-6,14). Conclusión: Se encontró un elevado porcentaje de futuros médicos que piensan emigrar, en su mayor parte, interesados en acceder a una especialidad para su desarrollo profesional, siendo los países con un mejor desarrollo económico sus destinos de preferencia.

Objective: To describe and identify factors related to the expectations of potential emigrant medical interns from University of Cuenca, Ecuador, 2012. Material and Methods: An analytical crosssectional study. Medical interns were surveyed in their places of practice. Measures of frequency, position and dispersion were presented. The Chisquare test and simple logistic regression were used. The odds ratio and its respective confidence interval of 95% were described. Results: 152 medical interns of University of Cuenca participated. Of those, 72.4% said they were interested in emigrating. They were highly motivated for educational reasons. The most requested destinations were: Spain, Mexico, Argentina, Chile and the United States. 3.6% of medical interns said they would not return to Ecuador. Protective factors related to emigration interest were identified as: coming from provinces other than Azuay (OR: 0.19, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.83) and whether it is possible to study their chosen specialty in Ecuador (OR: 0.24, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.69). Risk factors were identified as: working in an urban area (OR: 4.33, 95% CI 1.15 to 16.24) and meeting financial expectations in another country (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.24 to 6.14). Conclusion: The study found that a high percentage of doctors are thinking of emigrating. They are interested in accessing a specialty for their professional development. Countries with better economic development are their preferred destinations.

[Low grade fibromixoid sarcoma: a purpose of 3 cases and review of the bibliography]. / Sarcoma fibromixoide de bajo grado: a propósito de 3 casos y revisión de la bibliografía.

BACKGROUND: Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma or tumor Evans is a variety of soft tissue sarcoma that represents 1% of all malignancies. More common in limbs and trunk (50%), we present 3 new cases of retroperitoneal reviewing their characteristics and performing a literature review. CLINICAL CASE: In the retroperitoneal location highlights the poor specificity of clinical symptoms, demonstrating, according to their growth and size, as an abdominal tumor, usually painless, or by compression and/or invasion of nearby structures. In cases that present the most important finding was the presence of a palpable abdominal tumor without other symptoms despite remarkable infiltration of other organs that should be included in surgical resection. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize the difficulty of correct diagnosis preoperatively because preoperative studies are inconclusive and only the histological and immuno-histo-typing chemistry allow precise identification.

Antecedentes: el sarcoma fibromixoide de bajo grado o tumor de Evans es una variedad de sarcoma de partes blandas que representa el 1% de todos los tumores malignos. Más frecuente en extremidades y tronco (50%), presentamos tres nuevos casos de localización retroperitoneal. Se revisan sus características y se realiza actualización bibliográfica. Casos clínicos: en su localización retroperitoneal destaca lo inespecífico de su sintomatología clínica, se manifiesta en función de su crecimiento y tamaño, como una tumoración abdominal, habitualmente indolora, o por la compresión y/o invasión de estructuras próximas. Los casos presentados se manifestaron, por la presencia de tumoración abdominal, sin otra sintomatología; a pesar de infiltrar a otros órganos. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil, y debe tenerse la presunción clínica para solicitar el estudio histológico, con tipificación inmuno-histo-química para su dentificación precisa.

Colorectal cancer in the elderly: characteristics and short term results.

OBJECTIVE: to analyse the characteristics of colorectal cancer in elderly patients and to assess the outcomes of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the study included 1,924 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer during a 22 year period (1985-2007). We analysed patient clinical and demographic characteristics as well as their treatment and its outcome. RESULTS: there was an increase in emergency surgery with age, increasing from 13% among patients under 80 years of age to 47% in those over 90 years of age (p = 0.0001). On the other hand, the overall percentage of patients who underwent surgical treatment decreased from 96% in patients younger than 80 years of age, to 85% and 59% in octogenarians and nonagenarians, respectively (p = 0.0001), and there was a similar pattern in the rates of curative surgery among patients who underwent surgery. The overall mortality of patients who underwent surgery was 8% (141 out of 1,769), increasing from 4% in patients younger than 70 years of age to 25% in those over 90 (p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that the factors associated with mortality were the emergency nature of the surgery (p = 0.001), the ASA grade (p = 0.0001), and the presence of systemic complications (p = 0.0001), the weight of age decreasing significantly with respect to the univariate analysis (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: there is an increase in the rate of complicated forms of colorectal cancer with increasing age of patients. In addition, there is a dramatic decrease in the rate of curative tumour resection with increasing age. Intraoperative mortality for colorectal cancer in octogenarians and nonagenarians is more closely related to the nature and intent of the surgery (elective or emergency; palliative or curative), the perioperative risk (ASA grade), and severe systemic complications, than to age.

Cáncer colorrectal en el anciano. Características y resultados a corto plazo / Colorectal cancer in the elderly: characteristics and short term results

Objetivo: analizar las características del cáncer colorrectal en pacientes ancianos y evaluar los resultados de su tratamiento. Material y métodos: 1.924 pacientes diagnosticados por cáncer colorrectal un periodo de 22 años (1985-2007). Se analizan parámetros del paciente, clínicos, tratamiento y resultados del mismo. Resultados: hay un incremento de la cirugía de urgencia con la edad, pasando del 13% en pacientes menores de 80 años al 47% en pacientes mayores de 90 (p = 0,0001). El porcentaje de pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico desciende del 96% en los pacientes menores de 80 años, al 85% en los octogenarios y al 59% en los nonagenarios (p = 0,0001), así como de la tasas de cirugía curativa entre los pacientes sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico. La mortalidad global de pacientes sometidos a cirugía ha sido del 8% (141 de 1.769), ascendiendo del 4% en pacientes menores de 70 años al 25% en los de 90 años o más (p = 0,0001). En el análisis multivariante, los factores relacionados con la mortalidad han sido el carácter urgente de la cirugía (p = 0,001), el grado ASA (p = 0,0001), y la presencia de complicaciones sistémicas (p = 0,0001), disminuyendo el peso de la edad de forma significativa (p = 0,013). Conclusiones: hay un incremento de las formas complicadas de presentación del cáncer colorrectal según avanza la edad de los pacientes. Hay un descenso dramático de resección tumoral curativa en relación al incremento de la edad. La mortalidad operatoria por cáncer colorrectal, de pacientes octogenarios y nonagenarios, depende más que de la edad, del carácter electivo o urgente de la cirugía, de que esta sea con intención curativa o paliativa, con el riesgo perianestésico (grado ASA), y con la aparición de complicaciones sistémicas graves(AU)

Objective: to analyse the characteristics of colorectal cancer in elderly patients and to assess the outcomes of treatment. Material and methods: the study included 1,924 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer during a 22 year period (1985-2007). We analysed patient clinical and demographic characteristics as well as their treatment and its outcome. Results: there was an increase in emergency surgery with age, increasing from 13% among patients under 80 years of age to 47% in those over 90 years of age (p = 0.0001). On the other hand, the overall percentage of patients who underwent surgical treatment decreased from 96% in patients younger than 80 years of age, to 85% and 59% in octogenarians and nonagenarians, respectively (p = 0.0001), and there was a similar pattern in the rates of curative surgery among patients who underwent surgery. The overall mortality of patients who underwent surgery was 8% (141 out of 1,769), increasing from 4% in patients younger than 70 years of age to 25% in those over 90 (p = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that the factors associated with mortality were the emergency nature of the surgery (p = 0.001), the ASA grade (p = 0.0001), and the presence of systemic complications (p = 0.0001), the weight of age decreasing significantly with respect to the univariate analysis (p = 0.013). Conclusions: there is an increase in the rate of complicated forms of colorectal cancer with increasing age of patients. In addition, there is a dramatic decrease in the rate of curative tumour resection with increasing age. Intraoperative mortality for colorectal cancer in octogenarians and nonagenarians is more closely related to the nature and intent of the surgery (elective or emergency; palliative or curative), the perioperative risk (ASA grade), and severe systemic complications, than to age(AU)

Survival of splinted mini-implants after contamination with stainless steel.

PURPOSE: Dental practitioners are instructed to avoid any type of contact with implant surfaces prior to their insertion. However, the probability of contaminating the surface is high, especially when placement of implants necessitates the use of precise surgical guides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2-year survival rate of splinted mini-implants that came into contact with stainless steel prior to their insertion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the clinical portion of the study, initiated over a 3-day period, 90 mini-implants were inserted into the anterior mandible of 45 totally edentulous patients; 46 were inserted using a prefabricated stainless steel guide (group 1, bar) and 44 were placed without a guide (group 2, ball). A flapless surgical protocol was used. All implants were immediately loaded with mandibular overdentures, and follow-up was conducted for up to 2 years. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze implant survival in each group, with a confidence level of 95%. In the in vitro phase of the study, five mini-implants were contaminated for 20 seconds with a stainless steel surgical guide. They were then observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy to identify contaminants and to determine qualitatively the chemical composition of the surface. As a control, five mini-implants recently extracted from their original containers were analyzed. RESULTS: During the 2-year follow-up, one implant failed (97.8% survival rate) in group 1 and four failed in group 2 (90.9% survival rate). The in vitro analysis revealed carbon and oxygen on all implants. On the implants that were in contact with stainless steel, additional elements were identified, including silica, calcium, iron, and chromium. CONCLUSIONS: Contact between mini-implants and stainless steel surgical guides does not seem to generate contamination that compromises the survival of splinted mini-implants.

Fatiga física y fatiga cognitiva en trabajadores de la minería que laboran en condiciones de altitud geográfica: relación con el mal agudo de montaña / Acute mountain disorder, cognitive and physical fatigue in miners who work in high altitude geographical conditions

Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 120 trabajadores varones que laboraban en condiciones de altitud geográfica. Se estudió si existía asociación entre Mal Agudo de Montaña, fatiga física, fatiga cognitiva, factores psicosociales y laborales; además, se estimó los predictores de fatiga física y cognitiva de modo independiente. Se encontró que en la prevalencia de fatiga física y/o cognitiva fue del 41,7%. A nivel bivariado se encontró asociaciones significativas entre Mal Agudo de Montaña, fatiga física, fatiga cognitiva y distintos factores psicosociales y laborales. Para la fatiga física resultaron ser predictores positivos el Mal Agudo de Montaña y la cantidad de años trabajando, y como predictor negativo el balance positivo de afectos. Para la fatiga cognitiva el Mal Agudo de Montaña también fue un predictor positivo y el balance afectivo positivo lo fue en un sentido inverso. De los hallazgos se concluye que el Mal Agudo de Montaña resulta ser el predictor con mayor peso, comparado con el resto de las variables psicosociales y laborales estudiadas.

This is a transversal, descriptive and correlation study done to 120 male miners who work in high altitude geographical conditions. We studied whether there was an association between Acute Mountain Disorder, physical and cognitive fatigue and psychosocial and work related factors. Predictors of cognitive and physical fatigue were measured independently. It was found that the prevalence of cognitive and physical fatigue was 41.7%. Significant associations between Acute Mountain Disorder, physical fatigue, cognitive fatigue and psychosocial factors at work were found at a two-variable level. Acute Mountain Disorder and the number of year at work were found to be a positive predictor for physical fatigue while healthy emotional balance was found to be a negative predictor. Acute Mountain Disorder was found to be a positive predictor for the cognitive fatigue while healthy emotional balance had an inverse impact. Findings allow us to conclude that the Acute Mountain Disorder is the most relevant predictor, compared with the rest of the psychosocial and work related variables studied.

Factores biopsicosociales predictores de oximetría alterada en trabajadores de la minería: un estudio exploratorio / Biopsychosocial factors, predictors of altered oximetry in mining workers: an exploratory study

El propósito del estudio fue explorar el perfil bio-psico-social de una muestra de trabajadores mineros con oximetrías alteradas a través de la utilización de árboles de partición recursiva. El diseño fue de tipo transversal y la muestra la constituyeron 136 trabajadores de la minería. Se realizó una entrevista de salud y se aplicó una encuesta psicosocial. Usando análisis exploratorio de datos y árboles de partición recursiva se encontraron combinaciones multidimensionales (perfiles) de predictores de oximetría alterada. Las variables más importantes fueron la edad, la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad, el sedentarismo, el colesterol elevado, la fatiga y los síntomas de sueño. Se comprobó que si bien algunas variables aisladamente no aparecen asociadas a las oximetrías alteradas algunas combinaciones de ellas sí resultan ser buenas predictoras.

The purpose of this study was to explore the bio-psycho-social profile of a sample of miners with altered oximetry through the use of recursive partition trees. The design was transversal and the sample comprised 136 miners. There was a health interview and a psychosocial survey applied to each of the members of the sample. The data analysis was based on non-parametric descriptive statistics and recursive partition tress. We found various types of combination of factors that predict altered oximetry. The most important variables were age, the presence overweight or obesity, sedentary lifestyle, cholesterol, fatigue and symptoms of sleep deprivation. It was concluded that while some variables by themselves do not appear associated with altered oximetry, their combination may very well be considered good predictors.

Síndrome de Burnout e inteligencia emocional: un análisis con enfoque psicosocial en una agencia estatal chilena / Burnout syndrome and emotional intelligence: an analysis from a psychosocial approach in a government agency in Chile

Diseño. Se realizó un estudio de tipo transversal en 135 funcionarios fiscalizadores de una repartición pública del Estado de Chile. Se estudió si existía asociación entre las dimensiones de Burnout, Inteligencia Emocional y Factores de Riesgos Psicosociales Laborales y se estimaron los predictores de las distintas dimensiones de Burnout. Resultados. Se encontró que Agotamiento Emocional correlacionó positivamente con Exigencias Psicológicas, Inseguridad Laboral y Atención a los Sentimientos, e inversamente con Estima de Superiores. Despersonalización correlacionó positivamente con Exigencia Psicológica, Inseguridad Laboral, e inversamente con Apoyo Social y con Reparación Emocional. El Logro Personal se asoció positivamente a Apoyo Social, Claridad de los Sentimientos y Reparación Emocional. Como predictores positivos de Agotamiento Emocional se encontraron la Exigencia Psicológica, Inseguridad Laboral y Atención a los Sentimientos, y como predictor negativo la Claridad de los Sentimientos. Para Despersonalización se encontró como predictor positivo a la Exigencia Psicológica y como negativo a la Reparación Emocional. Para el Logro Personal sólo se encontró como predictor positivo el Apoyo Social. Conclusión. A partir de los hallazgos realizados se desprende que la Inteligencia Emocional y los Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial Laboral son predictores de las dimensiones Burnout.

Design. A cross-sectional study was made of 135 employees performing overseeing functions at a Governmental Organization in Chile. It was studied whether there was an association between the dimensions of burnout, emotional intelligence and occupational psychosocial risk factors, and the predictors of the different dimensions of burnout were estimated. Findings. It was found that emotional exhaustion correlated positively with psychological requirements, work insecurity and attention to feelings, and inversely with superiors esteem. Depersonalization correlated positively with psychological requirement, occupational insecurity and inversely with social support and emotional repair. Personal achievement was positively associated with social support , clarity of feelings and emotional repair. As positive predictors of emotional exhaustion were found the psychological requirement, labor insecurity and attention to feelings and as negative predictor the clarity of feelings. For depersonalization the psychological requirement was found as positive predictor and the emotional repair as a negative one. For personal achievement only the social support was found as a positive predictor. Conclusion. From the findings made it follows that emotional intelligence and labor psycho-sociological risk factors are predictors of burnout dimensions.