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Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas relacionadas con el escurrimiento fecal ''soiling'' que presentan los pacientes operados de enfermedad hemorroidal, fístula, fisura anal y drenaje de absceso. Sede: Unidad de Coloproctología del Servicio de Gastroenterología del Hospital General de México ''Dr. Eduardo Liceaga''. Diseño: Estudio de casos y controles. Análisis estadístico: Medidas de tendencia central, t de Student, cálculo de momios (odds ratio; OR) y análisis no paramétrico con χ². Pacientes y métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario de ocho ítems a 132 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta externa de nuestra unidad. El manchado de ropa interior, eritema anal, cicatriz, prurito y utilización de material para proteger la región anal, así como el cambio de alimentación, la presencia de materia fecal en el ano y la limpieza de la región anal sin haber evacuado fueron las variables evaluadas y comparadas entre pacientes operados y no operados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 59 hombres y 73 mujeres con edad media de 45 años, 58 pacientes operados y 74 no operados. El manchado de ropa interior fue el síntoma más frecuente en los pacientes operados (37% versus 25%). Las otras variables con significancia estadística, al compararse ambos grupos, fueron: prurito, la presencia de una cicatriz y eritema anal. El OR para cirugía en pacientes con manchado de ropa fue 3.22 (95% IC 1.57-6.60), para prurito 2.24 (95% IC 1.11-4.52) y la presencia de una cicatriz anal 91.38 (95% IC 24.46-341.43). Conclusiones: El soiling caracterizado como manchado de la ropa interior se presenta en al menos un tercio de los pacientes operados de cirugía anal. La presencia de eritema, materia fecal en el ano y una cicatriz anal asociadas hacen pensar en esta alteración.
Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics related to soiling present in patients subjected to anal surgery due to hemorrhoidal disease, fistula, anal fissure, and abscess drainage. Setting: Coloproctology unit of the Gastroenterology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico ''Dr. Eduardo Liceaga''. Design: Cases and controls study. Statistical analysis: Central tendency measures, Student's t test, odds ratio (OR) and non-parametric analysis using χ². Patients and methods: We applied an eight-item questionnaire to 132 patients that came to the out-patient consultation of our unit. Soiling of underwear, anal erythema, scar, pruritus, use of material to protect the anal region, change in feeding habits, presence of fecal matter in the anus, and cleaning of the anal region without having defecated were the assessed variables and these were compared between operated and non-operated patients. Results: We included 59 men and 73 women, average age of 45 years, 58 operated and 74 non-operated. Soiling of underwear was the most frequent sign in operated patients (37% versus 25%). The other variables with statistical significance when comparing both groups were: pruritus, presence of a scar and anal erythema. The OR for surgery in patients with underwear soiling was 3.22 (95% CI 1.57-6.60); for pruritus, 2.24 (95% CI 1.11-4.52) and presence of anal scar, 91.38 (95% CI 24.46-341.43). Conclusions: Soiling of underwear was found in at least one third of patients subjected to anal surgery. The presence of erythema, fecal matter in the anus, and an anal scar should lead to consider this alteration.
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Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia e identificar cuáles datos clínicos y/o bioquímicos detectan la perforación vesicular en forma preoperatoria en pacientes con colecistitis aguda. Sede: Hospital General de México, O.D. Diseño: Estudio de casos y controles. Análisis estadístico: Razón de momios, Chi cuadrada (χ²) y t de Student. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron los expedientes de pacientes operados por el servicio de urgencias del Hospital General de México en el periodo de diciembre 2007 a septiembre del 2009. Se revisaron todos los pacientes operados de colecistectomía, seleccionando, de éstos, a los pacientes con reporte de perforación de vesícula biliar (correspondiendo a casos) y se comparó con controles pareados (una perforación por dos no perforados), es decir, pacientes con las mismas características pero sin perforación vesicular. La variables analizadas fueron edad, género, tipo de perforación, signo de Murphy, signos de irritación peritoneal, fiebre, comorbilidades, consumo de tabaco, alcohol o drogas, tiempo de evolución, de ingreso a quirófano, diagnóstico preoperatorio clínico y paraclínico, tipo de abordaje, sitio de perforación, complicaciones y mortalidad. Resultados: Las comparaciones entre cada una de las variables estudiadas y la presencia o no de perforación indica la fiebre (temperatura > 38°C) antes de cirugía como único factor con significancia estadística RM de 1.15 (IC 95% de 0.51 a 2.6) P = 0.001. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de perforación de vesícula biliar en pacientes con colecistitis aguda es de 9.7%. El único dato clínico relacionado a esta complicación y que pudiera hacer sospechar su diagnostico es la fiebre.
Objective: To know the prevalence and to identify which clinical and/or biochemical data can lead to detect gallbladder perforation preoperatively in patients with acute cholecystitis. Setting: General Hospital of Mexico City (Ministry of Health). Design: Study of cases and controls. Statistical analysis: Odds ratio, Chi square (χ²), and Student's t test. Material and methods: We examined the clinical files of patients operated at the Emergency Ward of the General Hospital of Mexico City in the period between December 2007 and September 2009. We reviewed all patients subjected to cholecystectomy, choosing from them those patients with perforation of the gallbladder (cases) and compared them with paired controls (one perforation with two non-perforated), that is, patients of the same characteristics but without gallbladder perforation. Analyzed variables were age, gender, type of perforation, Murphy's sign, sign of peritoneal irritation, fever, comorbidities, alcohol or drug consumption, smoking, time of evolution, time of operating room admittance, clinical and paraclinical preoperative diagnosis, type of approach, perforation site, complications, and mortality. Results: Comparison between each studied variable and the presence or not of perforation reveals fever (temperature > 38°C) as the sole factor with statistical significance, odds ratio of 1.15 (IC 95% from 0.51 to 2.6) P = 0.001. Conclusions: Prevalence of gallbladder perforation in patients with acute cholecystitis is of 9.7%. The only clinical data related to this complication and that could lead to suspect its diagnosis was fever.
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INTRODUCTION: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a very common disease that is being described principally in obese, diabetic and hiperlipidemic patients without significant alcohol consumption (less than 28 ethanol Units per week). Nowadays it is considered as the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The frequency of Non Alcoholic Sreatohepatic (NASH) is 30 to 35% in general population, but it reaches to 70% in patients whose Body Mass Index (BMI) is above 30 kg/m2 as it occurs with diabetic patients. In Mexico there are only isolated reports about it's frequency, nearly 7.1% in general population and 18.5% in diabetic patients. OBJECTIVE: To know the frequency of the Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients who receive medical attention at the city of Veracruz. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 337 patients, who were divided into 4 groups: Normal Weight, Overweight, Obese and Diabetes type 2 patients. The individuals who reported previous hepatitis and alcohol consumption were excluded. All patients made a test in order to determinate: age, gender, presence of hepatic stigmata and complaints. Laboratory tests were done to all patients including: Blood glucose, seric lipids, transaminases, proteins and alkaline phosphatase. In those cases with impairment in transaminases results, it was done upper abdominal ultrasound (USG) and hepatic biopsy, in patients who accepted. RESULTS: We identified 53 cases (15.72%) with characteristics of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The frequency in patient with normal weight and overweight was 7.14% to 7.76%, while in obese subjects it was 14.15% and 28% in diabetic patients; 73.58% of all patients were female and the other 28.41% were males. The average age of the group was 48.11 years, it was similar the specific age of the normal weight and obese patients, in overweight patients was 61.5 years and the average age in diabetics was 56.42 years. There were significant differences in the results of blood glucose level, glycosilated hemoglobin, cholesterol, seric lipid values and aminotransferases in obese and diabetic patients compared with normal subjects and overweight patients in our study, the USG did not show sensibility and specificity to detect Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DISCUSSION: The results of this study show a lower frequency compared with the rest of the world, however it was higher in diabetic population than the frequency published by Bernal in Hidalgo, Mexico. The aminotransferases level resulted elevated in all patients with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD so we consider that elevated aminotransferases levels is the best predictor to suspect the presence of NAFLD. That is why it's very important to consider the possibility to avoid the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma.