Level of professional quality of life and coping with death competence in healthcare professionals exposed to perinatal loss: A cross-sectional study.

Perinatal loss is a traumatic and stressful experience with a significant emotional toll on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the healthcare professionals. We included 216 healthcare professionals working in an obstetrics-gynecology service or neonatal intensive care unit in a cross-sectional study and aimed to analyze the possible association between the healthcare professionals' level of professional quality of life, their coping with death competence, and their personal and work-related characteristics. Compassion fatigue and burnout did not correlate significantly with healthcare professionals' personal and work-related characteristics. Formal training was strongly associated with high levels of compassion satisfaction and coping with death competence. A low level of coping with death competence was found in women and in younger healthcare professionals, those who are single, and with little professional experience. Self-care activities and hospital support systems can be effective resources in coping with death.

The influence and leadership of the Escuela de Salud Pública de México in Mexican health.

Not available.

Saúde e educação: a formação profissional entre princípios do século XX e do XXI / Health and education: professional formation between the begining of the 20th and 21st Century

No começo do século XX, tanto os objetivos das faculdades de medicina quanto os desafios por ela enfrentados eram muito diferentes dos princípios do século XXI. Aspiravam então a ser científicas e efetivas na formação profissional; hoje, procuram responder aos futuros desafios da sociedade e às demandas de saúde da população, ao lado de outras profissões sanitárias e com a corresponsabilidade da comunidade.(AU)

From badge of pride to cause of stigma: combatting mal del pinto in Mexico.

Mal del pinto is a dermatological disease characterized by discoloured patches of skin on the face and body. It has been present in what is now the territory of Mexico from before the Spanish conquest up to recent times. Though early concerns for mal del pinto as a public health problem can be traced back to the late 19th century, no campaign to combat the disease was undertaken until the second half of the 20th. Thanks to the effectiveness of treatment with penicillin, the fight against this illness--which was once assumed as a symbol of pride--enjoyed a broader acceptance among the population that other health campaigns.

Entre el 'sano temor' y el 'miedo irrazonable': la Campaña Nacional Contra el Cáncer en México / Between healthy fear and unreasonable fear: Mexico's National Campaign against Cancer

Este trabajo estudia los primeros esfuerzos socialmente organizados en México para combatir al cáncer. Analiza el papel que desempeñó la Campaña Nacional Contra el Cáncer, que se aplicó entre 1941 y los tempranos 1990, en la utilización de los servicios de tratamiento y detección de cáncer, el temor irracional a la enfermedad desarrollado por algunas personas sanas y, en el extremo opuesto, las falsas esperanzas que la propaganda sanitaria despertó en muchos enfermos, la discriminación de éstos y la creencia popular de que el cáncer era una enfermedad contagiosa, entre otros aspectos. Se ocupa, también, de los intentos de recopilar información epidemiológica por parte de las autoridades sanitarias y de las dificultades para obtenerla. Finalmente, analiza los alcances y límites de la lucha contra el padecimiento.(AU)

Entre el 'sano temor' y el 'miedo irrazonable': la Campaña Nacional Contra el Cáncer en México / Between healthy fear and unreasonable fear: Mexico's National Campaign against Cancer

Este trabajo estudia los primeros esfuerzos socialmente organizados en México para combatir al cáncer. Analiza el papel que desempeñó la Campaña Nacional Contra el Cáncer, que se aplicó entre 1941 y los tempranos 1990, en la utilización de los servicios de tratamiento y detección de cáncer, el temor irracional a la enfermedad desarrollado por algunas personas sanas y, en el extremo opuesto, las falsas esperanzas que la propaganda sanitaria despertó en muchos enfermos, la discriminación de éstos y la creencia popular de que el cáncer era una enfermedad contagiosa, entre otros aspectos. Se ocupa, también, de los intentos de recopilar información epidemiológica por parte de las autoridades sanitarias y de las dificultades para obtenerla. Finalmente, analiza los alcances y límites de la lucha contra el padecimiento.

The article examines the first socially organized efforts to fight cancer in Mexico. It analyzes how the National Campaign Against Cancer (Campaña Nacional Contra el Cáncer), which ran from 1941 to the early 1990s, played a role in the use of cancer treatment and detection services. It also explores the irrational fear of cancer that some healthy people developed and, at the other extreme, the false hopes the sanitary campaign raised among many of the ill, while looking as well at discrimination of these ill and the popular belief that cancer was contagious. Another focus is on efforts by sanitary authorities to collect epidemiological information and the challenges they ran into. Lastly, it analyzes the scope and limitations of the fight against this disease.

Control sexual para el control social: la primera campaña contra la sífilis en México / Sexual control as a means of social control: the first anti-syphilis campaign in Mexico

Este artículo analiza la campaña contra la sífilis, que fue propuesta por la Academia Nacional de Medicina y comenzó en 1908. Se ocupa de la actitud de diferentes profesionales e instituciones ante la campaña en general, y la reglamentación de la prostitución en particular, tanto entre lapoblación civil (asunto que ha sido ampliamente estudiado) como en el ejército (tema hasta hoy prácticamente ignorado en México). Comenta las características de la propaganda antisifilítica. Señala, finalmente, las limitaciones que tuvo esta empresa. (AU)

A gripe de longe e de perto: comparações entre as pandemias de 1918 e 2009 / The flu far and near: comparing the 1918 and 2009 pandemics

Neste debate, historiadores latino-americanos comparam a pandemia de gripe de 1918-1919 com a que varre o continente em 2009, sobretudo as experiências de México, Argentina e Brasil. Analisam as estratégias adotadas nos dois momentos, com ênfase em isolamento, vigilância em portos e aeroportos, intervenções nas cidades. Comparam a atuação dos Estados nacionais e governos locais, a posição dos médicos e dos meios de comunicação e o comportamento das populações, especialmente no tocante ao medo e à morte. Analisam o desempenho das estruturas de assistência às populações e as medidas terapêuticas e profiláticas recomendadas por órgãos públicos de saúde, por interesses privados ligados à venda de medicamentos e pelas medicinas populares e caseiras. O debate trata, ainda, da influência que a experiência de 1918 teve sobre as avaliações da crise atual, bem como do legado que deixará para o futuro.

A gripe de longe e de perto: comparações entre as pandemias de 1918 e 2009 / The flu far and near: comparing the 1918 and 2009 pandemics

Neste debate, historiadores latino-americanos comparam a pandemia de gripe de 1918-1919 com a que varre o continente em 2009, sobretudo as experiências de México, Argentina e Brasil. Analisam as estratégias adotadas nos dois momentos, com ênfase em isolamento, vigilância em portos e aeroportos, intervenções nas cidades. Comparam a atuação dos Estados nacionais e governos locais, a posição dos médicos e dos meios de comunicação e o comportamento das populações, especialmente no tocante ao medo e à morte. Analisam o desempenho das estruturas de assistência às populações e as medidas terapêuticas e profiláticas recomendadas por órgãos públicos de saúde, por interesses privados ligados à venda de medicamentos e pelas medicinas populares e caseiras. O debate trata, ainda, da influência que a experiência de 1918 teve sobre as avaliações da crise atual, bem como do legado que deixará para o futuro.(AU)

[The flu far and near: comparing the 1918 and 2009 pandemics]. / A gripe de longe e de perto: comparações entre as pandemias de 1918 e 2009.

In this debate, Latin American historians compare the 1918-1919 flu pandemic with the one sweeping the continent in 2009, focusing especially on the experiences in Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil. They analyze the strategies adopted on both occasions, above all isolation measures, port and airport surveillance, and urban interventions. Comparisons are drawn between the actions of federal and local governments, positions taken by doctors and the media, and people's behavior, particularly regarding fear and death. The debaters also analyze the performance of assistance structures, the treatment and prevention measures recommended by public health agencies and private groups with a vested interest in drug sales, and popular and home remedies. The debate extends to how the 1918 experience has influenced the evaluation of today's crisis and what legacy it may leave behind.

Neighbours on notice: national and imperialist interests in the American Public Health Association, 1872-1921.

Since its founding in 1872, the American Public Health Association (APHA) has devoted its energies to influencing the US's federal, state, and local governments to support public health. But within a few years of its establishment, the APHA expanded its interests beyond US borders; Canada joined the organization in 1884, and Mexico and Cuba became members in 1892 and 1902, respectively. The organization acknowledged a name change to reflect its new membership--the American, Canadian, Mexican and Cuban Public Health Association. However, official control of the organization remained in US hands. This article explores the APHA's national and imperialist interests and the involvement of Canadian, Cuban, and Mexican public health professionals in the association. We seek to understand the economic, political, and medical factors that motivated the APHA to go beyond US borders and induced Canada, Mexico, and Cuba to join the organization. We examine the scope and limits of the APHA's success in obtaining first-hand information concerning epidemic and endemic diseases in each of its member countries and in imposing measures to prevent the spread of disease from one nation to another. We also discuss the impact of the APHA in urging the four countries to pass sanitary codes and establish active national departments of health. Finally, we analyze the role of Canadian, Mexican, and Cuban public health efforts in shaping the APHA and helping the organization understand the importance of reciprocity in international public health.

Neighbours on Notice: National and Imperialist Interests in the American Public Health Association, 1872­1921

Since its founding in 1872, the American Public Health Association (APHA) has devoted its energies to influencing the US's federal, state, and local governments to support public health. But within a few years of its establishment, the APHA expanded its interests beyond US borders; Canada joined the organization in 1884, and Mexico and Cuba became members in 1892 and 1902, respectively. The organization acknowledged a name change to reflect its new membership­the American, Canadian, Mexican and Cuban Public Health Association. However, official control of the organization remained in US hands. This article explores the APHA's national and imperialist interests and the involvement of Canadian, Cuban, and Mexican public health professionals in the association. We seek to understand the economic, political, and medical factors that motivated the APHA to go beyond US borders and induced Canada, Mexico, and Cuba to join the organization. We examine the scope and limits of the APHA's success in obtaining first-hand information concerning epidemic and endemic diseases in each of its member countries and in imposing measures to prevent the spread of disease from one nation to another. We also discuss the impact of the APHA in urging the four countries to pass sanitary codes and establish active national departments of health. Finally, we analyze the role of Canadian, Mexican, and Cuban public health efforts in shaping the APHA and helping the organization understand the importance of reciprocity in international public health.

Depuis sa fondation en 1872, l'Association Américaine de Santé Publique (APHA) a employé son énergie en vue d'influencer les gouvernements, des États-Unis au niveau fédéral, au niveau des États et dans le soutien de la santé publique. Mais quelques années après sa fondation, l'APHA a étendu ses intérêts au-delà des frontières américaines : le Canada a rejoint l'organisation en 1884, puis le Mexique et Cuba sont devenus membres en 1892 et 1902, respectivement. L'organisation a changer son nom pour reéfléter ses nouvelles adhésions - L'Association Américaine, Canadienne, Mexicaine et Cubaine de Santé Publique. Cependant, le contrôle officiel de l'organisation est resté entre les mains Américains. Cet article explore les intérêts nationaux et impérialistes de l'APHA, ainsi que la participation des professionnels de santé publique canadiens, cubains et mexicains dans l'Association. Nous examinons la portée et les limites du succès de l'APHA dans l'obtention d'informations immédiates concernant les maladies épidémiques et endémiques dans chacun de ses Etats membres et dans l'imposition de mesures pour empêcher la diffusion de maladies d'une nation à une autre. Nous discutons aussi de l'impact de l'APHA dans l'incitation des quatre pays à voter des codes sanitaires et à établir des ministères de la Santé au niveau national actifs. Finalement, nous analysons le rôle des Canadiens, des Mexicains et des Cubains dans la formation de l'APHA et dans la compréhension de l'importance de la réciprocité dans la santé publique internationale.

Neighbours on notice: national and imperialist intersts in the American Public Health Association, 1872-1921

Since its founding in 1872, the American Public Health Association (APHA) has devoted its energies to influencing the US' s federal, state, and local governments to support public health. But within a few years of its establishment, the APHA expanded its interests beyond US borders; Canada joined the organization in 1884, and Mexico and Cuba became members in 1892 and 1902, respectively. The organization acknowledged a name change to reflect its new membership-the American, Canadian, Mexican and Cuban Public Health Association. However, official control of the organization remained in US hands. This article explores the APHA's national and imperialist interests and the involvement of Canadian, Cuban, and Mexican public health professionals in the association. We seek to understand the economic, political, and medical factors that motivated the APHA to go beyond US borders and induced Canada, Mexico, and Cuba to join the organization. We examine the scope and limits of the APHA's success in obtaining first-hand information concerning epidemic and endemic diseases in each of its member countries and in imposing measures to prevent the spread of disease from one nation to another. We also discuss the impact of the APHA in urging the four countries to pass sanitary codes and establish active national departments of health. Finally, we analyze the role of Canadian, Mexican, and Cuban publié health efforts in shaping the APHA and helping the organization understand the importance of reciprocity in international public health. [AU]

La alimentación 'racional' de los infantes: maternidad 'científica', control de las nodrizas y lactancia artificial / The 'rational' feeding of the infants: 'scientific' maternity, control of the nutritious and artificial lactation

Presenta un estudio sobre la lactancia de las madres mexicanas. La crianza de los hijos era una parte central de las actividades diarias de las mujeres decimónicas, pero sabemos poco de ella porque ha sido relativamente reciente el interés por el tema entre las historiadoras extranjeras, y más aún entre las historiadoras mexicanas.. En efecto, la leche humana y la lactancia natural han tenido en otras épocas significados muy diferentes de los actuales y sólo pueden ser entendidas en el contexto más amplio del papel de las mujeres como madres. Su estudio puede ayudarnos a entender mejor la historia de la maternidad y de la familia, a las cuales se brinda cada ez más atención dado el creciente reconocimiento de su significado político y de su importancia para explicar nuestro pasado. [AU]

La experiencia del enfermo ante la Campaña Nacional Contra el Câncer en México / The experience of the patient in relation to the National Campaign Against the Cancer in México

Propone estudiar, desde la historia social de la salud pública, qué papel desempeño la Campaña Nacional Contra el Cáncer en la utilización de servicios de treinamento y detección de cáncer por parte de la población; el temor irracional al cáncer desarrollado por algumas personas sanas, y, en el extremo oposto, las falsas esperanzas que la campaña despertó en muchos enfermos con cáncer; la discrinación de éstos, y la creencia popular de que el cáncer era una enfermedad contagiosa, entre otros aspectos. Las fuentes empleadas incluyen entrevistas a oncólogos de diferentes especialidades, prensa médica y política, novelas, películas didáticas y recreativas, y documentos de archivo, en particular, el fondo Campaña Nacional Contra el Cáncer, del Archivo Histórico de la Secretaría de Salud, de México, nunca antes estudiado [AU]

Dos momentos de la geografía médica y la salud pública en México: porfirismo y cardenismo / Two moments of medical geography and the public health in Mexico: porfirismo and cardenismo

Los propósitos de este capítulo son tratar de mostrar que los esfuerzos de la administración de Porfíro Díaz [1876-1910] por construir la geografía médica y ponerla al sevicio de entorces naciente salud pública _ los cuales se vieron interrompidos por el movimiento revolucionario de 1910-1917_ , fueron continuados y profundizados durante el gobierno de Lázaro Cárdenas [1934-1940]; así como abordar el tema de la integración del territorio nacional en los esfuerzos modernizadores, ligando a gegorafía médica y la salud pública, y comparando esos dos periodos. [AU]

Estado de peste o estado de sitio?: Sinaloa y baja California, 1902-1903 / State of plague or state of siege?: Sinaloa and Baja California, 1902-1903

Analiza la significación social de la epidemia de peste en los estados de Sinaloa y Baja California, en 1902-1903, así como la campaña sanitaria organizada para combatirla, que fue la primera en México, basada en los emergentes campos científicos de la microbiología, la inmunología y la medicina tropical, y también la primera en que un estado cedió la dirección de las actividades sanitarias al gobierno federal.(AU)

[Public health and power in Mexico during Cardenism: 1934-1940]. / Salud pública y poder en México durante el Cardenismo, 1934-1940.

Historians have identified three stages in the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-1940): consolidation of the power of Cárdenas; a nationalist and reformist policy (including agrarian reform and nationalisation of the railway system and oil industry); and withdrawal of the reforms due to the reaction of conservative sectors and imperialist countries. This article attempts to reveal the impact of each stage on the Mexican public health system and to demonstrate that the first systematic attempt to establish permanent rural health units was developed during this period.

Salud pública y poder en México durante el Cardenismo, 1934-1940 / Public health and power in Mexico during the Cardenism, 1934-1940

Pretende identificar la influencia que tuvo en la salud pública mexicana cada una de las tres etapas en el gobierno del general Lázaro Cárdenas (1934 y 1940), así como mostrar que en este periodo se dio el primer intento sistemático para establecer servicios permanentes de atención médica en las zonas rurales del país.(AU)