La evaluación de la fragilidad puede mejorar la predicción del APACHE II en pacientes ancianos ingresados en UCI tras cirugía digestiva / Evaluating frailty may complement APACHE II in estimating mortality in elderly patients admitted to the ICU after digestive surgery

Objetivo: Analizar si la fragilidad puede mejorar la predicción de mortalidad en los pacientes ingresados en UCI tras una cirugía digestiva. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y con seguimiento a 6 meses de una cohorte de pacientes que ingresaron en UCI entre el 1 de junio de 2018 hasta el 1 de junio de 2019. Ámbito: UCI quirúrgica de un hospital de tercer nivel. Pacientes: Serie de pacientes sucesivos mayores de 70 años que ingresaron en UCI inmediatamente después de una intervención quirúrgica sobre el aparato digestivo. Fueron incluidos 92 pacientes y se excluyeron 2 por pérdida de seguimiento a los 6 meses. Intervenciones: Al ingreso en UCI se estimó gravedad y pronóstico mediante el APACHE II, y fragilidad mediante la Clinical Frailty Scale y el modified Frailty Index. Variables de interés principales: Mortalidad en UCI, intrahospitalaria y a los 6 meses. Resultados: El modelo que mejor predice mortalidad en UCI es el APACHE II, con un área bajo la curva ROC (ABC) de 0,89 y una buena calibración. El modelo que combina APACHE II y Clinical Frailty Scale es el que mejor predice mortalidad intrahospitalaria (ABC: 0,82), mejorando significativamente la predicción del APACHE II aislado (ABC: 0,78; Integrated Discrimination Index: 0,04). La fragilidad es un factor predictor de mortalidad a los 6 meses, siendo el modelo que combina la Clinical Frailty Scale y el modified Frailty Index el que ha demostrado mayor discriminación (ABC: 0,84). Conclusiones: La fragilidad puede complementar al APACHE II mejorando su predicción de mortalidad hospitalaria. Además, ofrece una buena predicción de la mortalidad a los 6 meses de la cirugía. Para la mortalidad en UCI, la fragilidad pierde su poder de predicción mientras que el APACHE II aislado muestra una excelente capacidad predictiva (AU)

Objective: To analyze whether frailty can improve the prediction of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU after digestive surgery. Design: Prospective, observational, 6-month follow-up study of a cohort of patients admitted to the ICU between June 1, 2018, and June 1, 2019. Setting: Surgical ICU of a third level hospital. Patients: Series of successive patients older than 70 years who were admitted to the ICU immediately after a surgical intervention on the digestive system. 92 patients were included and 2 were excluded due to loss of follow-up at 6 months. Interventions: Upon admission to the ICU, severity and prognosis were assessed by APACHE II, and fragility by the Clinical Frailty Scale and the modified Frailty Index. Main variables of interest: ICU, in-hospital and 6-month mortality. Results: The model that best predicts mortality in the ICU is the APACHE II, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89 and a good calibration. The model that combines APACHE II and Clinical Frailty Scale is the one that best predicts in-hospital mortality (AUC: 0.82), significantly improving the prediction of isolated APACHE II (AUC: 0.78; Integrated Discrimination Index: 0.04). Frailty is a predictor of mortality at 6 months, being the model that combines Clinical Frailty Scale and Frailty Index the one that has shown the greatest discrimination (AUC: 0.84). Conclusions: Frailty can complement APACHE II by improving its prediction of hospital mortality. Furthermore, it offers a good prediction of mortality 6 months after surgery. For mortality in ICU, frailty loses its predictive power, whereas isolated APACHE II shows excellent predictive capacity (AU)

Evaluating frailty may complement APACHE II in estimating mortality in elderly patients admitted to the ICU after digestive surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether frailty can improve the prediction of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU after digestive surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, 6-month follow-up study of a cohort of patients admitted to the ICU between June 1, 2018, and June 1, 2019. SETTING: Surgical ICU of a third level hospital. PATIENTS: Series of successive patients older than 70 years who were admitted to the ICU immediately after a surgical intervention on the digestive system. 92 patients were included and 2 were excluded due to loss of follow-up at 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Upon admission to the ICU, severity and prognosis were assessed by APACHE II, and fragility by the Clinical Frailty Scale and the modified Frailty Index. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: ICU, in-hospital and 6-month mortality. RESULTS: The model that best predicts mortality in the ICU is the APACHE II, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89 and a good calibration. The model that combines APACHE II and Clinical Frailty Scale is the one that best predicts in-hospital mortality (AUC: 0.82), significantly improving the prediction of isolated APACHE II (AUC: 0.78; Integrated Discrimination Index: 0.04). Frailty is a predictor of mortality at 6 months, being the model that combines Clinical Frailty Scale and Frailty Index the one that has shown the greatest discrimination (AUC: 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty can complement APACHE II by improving its prediction of hospital mortality. Furthermore, it offers a good prediction of mortality 6 months after surgery. For mortality in ICU, frailty loses its predictive power, whereas isolated APACHE II shows excellent predictive capacity.

Evaluating frailty may complement APACHE II in estimating mortality in elderly patients admitted to the ICU after digestive surgery. / La evaluación de la fragilidad puede mejorar la predicción del APACHE II en pacientes ancianos ingresados en UCI tras cirugía digestiva.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether frailty can improve the prediction of mortality in patients admitted to the ICU after digestive surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, 6-month follow-up study of a cohort of patients admitted to the ICU between June 1, 2018, and June 1, 2019. SETTING: Surgical ICU of a third level hospital. PATIENTS: Series of successive patients older than 70 years who were admitted to the ICU immediately after a surgical intervention on the digestive system. 92 patients were included and 2 were excluded due to loss of follow-up at 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Upon admission to the ICU, severity and prognosis were assessed by APACHE II, and fragility by the Clinical Frailty Scale and the modified Frailty Index. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: ICU, in-hospital and 6-month mortality. RESULTS: The model that best predicts mortality in the ICU is the APACHE II, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89 and a good calibration. The model that combines APACHE II and Clinical Frailty Scale is the one that best predicts in-hospital mortality (AUC: 0.82), significantly improving the prediction of isolated APACHE II (AUC: 0.78; Integrated Discrimination Index: 0.04). Frailty is a predictor of mortality at 6 months, being the model that combines Clinical Frailty Scale and Frailty Index the one that has shown the greatest discrimination (AUC: 0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Frailty can complement APACHE II by improving its prediction of hospital mortality. Furthermore, it offers a good prediction of mortality 6 months after surgery. For mortality in ICU, frailty loses its predictive power, whereas isolated APACHE II shows excellent predictive capacity.

SARS-CoV-2, ¿Nuevo agente causal del síndrome de Guillain-Barré? / SARS-CoV-2, A new causative agent of Guillain-Barré syndrome?

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Síndrome de Guillain-Barré asociado a infección por COVID-19 / Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection

No disponible

Estrategia invasiva de rutina en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST con disfunción renal. Resultados del registro ARIAM-SEMICYUC / Routine invasive strategy in acute coronary syndrome patients with renal dysfunction. Results of the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilización y efectividad de la estrategia invasiva de rutina (EIR) en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación de ST con disfunción renal en el mundo real. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo basado en el registro ARIAM-SEMICYUC (años 2011-2014). Se consideró que había disfunción renal cuando el GFR (Cockroft-Gault) era menor de 60 ml/min (disfunción moderada) o de 30 ml/min (disfunción grave). Se excluyeron los pacientes en los que la coronariografía precoz (< 72 h) se debió a shock cardiogénico o isquemia recurrente. El desenlace primario fue la mortalidad hospitalaria. El control del confounding se realizó mediante un análisis de propensión. RESULTADOS: Se analizan 4.279 pacientes, de los cuales un 26% tenía disfunción renal moderada y un 5% disfunción grave. Los pacientes con disfunción renal presentaron una mayor gravedad y comorbilidad, una mayor mortalidad hospitalaria (8,6 frente a 1,8%) y una menor utilización de la EIR (40 frente a 52%). Las OR ajustadas mediante emparejamiento para pacientes sin/con disfunción renal fueron de 0,38 (intervalo de confianza al 95% [IC 95%] de 0,17 a 0,81) y 0,52 (IC 95% de 0,32 a 0,87), respectivamente (p de interacción 0,4779). El impacto de la EIR (diferencia de riesgos ajustada) fue mayor en el grupo con disfunción renal (-5,1%, IC 95% entre -8,1 y -2,1, frente a --1,6%, IC 95% entre -2,6 y -0,6, p de interacción = 0,0335). Tampoco se detectó interacción significativa respecto a los demás enlaces considerados (mortalidad en UCI o a los 30 días, riesgo combinado de muerte o infarto, fracaso renal agudo o hemorragias moderadas/graves) . CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados evidencian que la efectividad de la EIR es similar en pacientes con función renal normal o reducida y alertan sobre una infrautilización de esta estrategia en estos últimos

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use and effectiveness of a routine invasive strategy (RIS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST-segment elevation with renal dysfunction in the real world scenario. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study based on the ARIAM-SEMICYUC Registry (2011-2014) was carried out. Renal dysfunction was defined as GFR (Cockroft-Gault) < 60 ml/min (moderate dysfunction) or < 30 ml/min (severe dysfunction). Patients in which early angiography (< 72h) was performed due to cardiogenic shock or recurrent myocardial ischemia were excluded. The primary endpoint was hospital mortality. Confounding factors were controlled using propensity score analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4,279 patients were analyzed, of which 26% had moderate renal dysfunction and 5% severe dysfunction. Patients with renal dysfunction had greater severity and comorbidity, higher hospital mortality (8.6 vs. 1.8%), and lesser use of the RIS (40 vs. 52%). The adjusted OR for mortality in patients without/with renal dysfunction were 0.38 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.17 to 0.81) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.87), respectively (interaction P-value = .4779). The impact (adjusted risk difference) of RIS was higher in the group with renal dysfunction (-5.1%, 95% CI -8.1 to -2.1 vs. -1.6%, 95% CI -2.6 to -0.6; interaction P-value = .0335). No significant interaction was detected for the other endpoints considered (ICU mortality, 30-day mortality, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure or moderate/severe bleeding). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the effectiveness of IRS is similar in patients with normal or abnormal renal function, and alert to the under-utilization of this strategy in such patients

Routine invasive strategy in acute coronary syndrome patients with renal dysfunction. Results of the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry. / Estrategia invasiva de rutina en el síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST con disfunción renal. Resultados del registro ARIAM-SEMICYUC.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use and effectiveness of a routine invasive strategy (RIS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST-segment elevation with renal dysfunction in the real world scenario. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study based on the ARIAM-SEMICYUC Registry (2011-2014) was carried out. Renal dysfunction was defined as GFR (Cockroft-Gault)<60ml/min (moderate dysfunction) or<30ml/min (severe dysfunction). Patients in which early angiography (<72h) was performed due to cardiogenic shock or recurrent myocardial ischemia were excluded. The primary endpoint was hospital mortality. Confounding factors were controlled using propensity score analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4,279 patients were analyzed, of which 26% had moderate renal dysfunction and 5% severe dysfunction. Patients with renal dysfunction had greater severity and comorbidity, higher hospital mortality (8.6 vs. 1.8%), and lesser use of the RIS (40 vs. 52%). The adjusted OR for mortality in patients without/with renal dysfunction were 0.38 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.17 to 0.81) and 0.52 (95%CI 0.32 to 0.87), respectively (interaction P-value=.4779). The impact (adjusted risk difference) of RIS was higher in the group with renal dysfunction (-5.1%, 95%CI -8.1 to -2.1 vs. -1.6%, 95%CI -2.6 to -0.6; interaction P-value=.0335). No significant interaction was detected for the other endpoints considered (ICU mortality, 30-day mortality, myocardial infarction, acute renal failure or moderate/severe bleeding). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the effectiveness of IRS is similar in patients with normal or abnormal renal function, and alert to the under-utilization of this strategy in such patients.

Changes in color-related compounds in tomato fruit exocarp and mesocarp during ripening using HPLC-APcI(+)-mass Spectrometry.

Tomato is an important agricultural crop world-wide. Their pigments are very important in many ways. They have been associated with health benefits such as lowering the risk of some chronic diseases. Quantification of chlorophylls by spectrophotometry and Identification of carotenoids using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and quantification by HPLC-DAD was carried out in the exocarp and mesocarp of tomato fruit during 6 different ripeness stages (mature-green, breakers, turning, pink, light-red and red). Four carotenoids have been followed during ripening; ß-carotene and lycopene were unequivocally identified, whereas γ-carotene and lycopene-epoxide were tentatively identified. Differences between exocarp and mesocarp were as follows: Most of the ripening period, fruit exocarp had higher quantities of both chlorophyll and carotenoids than mesocarp. In both, exocarp and mesocarp, chlorophylls drastically decreased, lycopene significantly increased, while ß-carotene, γ-carotene and lycopene-epoxide only increased slightly during fruit ripening.

[Consensus document on ultrasound training in Intensive Care Medicine. Care process, use of the technique and acquisition of professional skills]. / Documento de consenso para la formación en ecografía en Medicina Intensiva. Proceso asistencial, uso de la técnica y adquisición de competencias profesionales.

Ultrasound has become an essential tool in assisting critically ill patients. His knowledge, use and instruction requires a statement by scientific societies involved in its development and implementation. Our aim are to determine the use of the technique in intensive care medicine, clinical situations where its application is recommended, levels of knowledge, associated responsibility and learning process also implement the ultrasound technique as a common tool in all intensive care units, similar to the rest of european countries. The SEMICYUC's Working Group Cardiac Intensive Care and CPR establishes after literature review and scientific evidence, a consensus document which sets out the requirements for accreditation in ultrasound applied to the critically ill patient and how to acquire the necessary skills. Training and learning requires a structured process within the specialty. The SEMICYUC must agree to disclose this document, build relationships with other scientific societies and give legal cover through accreditation of the training units, training courses and different levels of training.

[The current role of the Swan-Ganz catheter]. / El papel del catéter de Swan-Ganz en la actualidad.

Nearly forty years ago, Swan and Ganz introduced pulmonary artery catheterization to monitor the hemodynamic status of critical patients. The need for pulmonary artery catheterization in clinical practice has been questioned because it may be related to increased mortality and because alternative techniques that will probably cause less morbidity and mortality have been developed. The introduction of color Doppler echocardiography has been fundamental in the hemodynamic and etiologic evaluation of critical patients and has made it possible to clarify many clinical situations in which the response to treatment was unacceptable. This review aims to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the Swan-Ganz catheter as the gold standard for monitoring hemodynamics in critical patients. We believe that combining the available techniques should help us evaluate the hemodynamics in critical patients and determine the cause of hemodynamic instability so we can select the most appropriate initial treatment and evaluate the subsequent response.

El papel del catéter de Swan-Ganz en la actualidad / The current role of the Swan-Ganz catheter

Han pasado más de 3 décadas desde la introducción del catéter de Swan-Ganz (SG) como técnica de valoración hemodinámica del paciente crítico. Aún se plantean dudas sobre la necesidad de su uso en la práctica clínica por su posible relación con un aumento de la mortalidad y la aparición de otras técnicas alternativas con una probable menor morbimortalidad. La introducción de la técnica de ecocardiografía Doppler ha sido fundamental en la valoración hemodinámica y etiológica del paciente crítico y ha permitido aclarar muchas situaciones clínicas sin respuesta terapéutica aceptable. En esta revisión se pretende exponer las bondades y las limitaciones del catéter de SG como técnica gold standard en monitorización hemodinámica del paciente crítico. Creemos que la combinación de distintas técnicas, sin ser excluyentes, deben ayudarnos a responder en el paciente inestable hemodinámicamente la causa etiológica, determinar qué perfil hemodinámico presenta y cuál es el componente principal que genera la inestabilidad hemodinámica para seleccionar adecuadamente el tratamiento inicial y valorar el grado de respuesta a la decisión tomada (AU)

Nearly forty years ago, Swan and Ganz introduced pulmonary artery catheterization to monitor the hemodynamic status of critical patients. The need for pulmonary artery catheterization in clinical practice has been questioned because it may be related to increased mortality and because alternative techniques that will probably cause less morbidity and mortality have been developed. The introduction of color Doppler echocardiography has been fundamental in the hemodynamic and etiologic evaluation of critical patients and has made it possible to clarify many clinical situations in which the response to treatment was unacceptable. This review aims to discuss the advantages and drawbacks of the Swan-Ganz catheter as the gold standard for monitoring hemodynamics in critical patients. We believe that combining the available techniques should help us evaluate the hemodynamics in critical patients and determine the cause of hemodynamic instability so we can select the most appropriate initial treatment and evaluate the subsequent response (AU)

Trombocitopenia inducida por heparina y cirugía cardíaca / Thrombocytopenia induced by heparin and heart surgery

La incidencia de la trombocitopenia inducida por heparina tipo II (TIH-II) es aproximadamente un 1 por ciento, pero puede ser más elevada en pacientes postoperados de cirugía cardíaca. La TIH-II puede ocasionar una elevada morbimortalidad en relación con sus complicaciones trombóticas, especialmente si no se diagnostica precozmente. Presentamos el caso de una TIH-II desarrollada en el postoperatorio de una anuloplastia mitral. Se revisan sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos, la importancia de la sospecha clínica ante la presencia de trombos resistentes a la terapia anticoagulante habitual y la complejidad del tratamiento (AU)

Significado del patrón electrocardiográfico de ingreso en el infarto agudo de miocardio tratado con trombólisis / Meaning of initial electrocardiographic pattern in acute myocardial infartion treated with thrombolysis

Fundamento. Estudiar el grado de asociación entre el patrón electrocardiográfico de ingreso en el infarto agudo de miocardio, la falta de eficacia de la trombólisis y el mayor riesgo de disfunción ventricular izquierda. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente 150 pacientes ingresados de manera consecutiva por infarto de menos de 6 h de evolución, que recibieron tratamiento trombolítico. Los pacientes se agruparon según el patrón electrocardiográfico, definido por la presencia o ausencia de distorsión de la porción terminal del complejo QRS. Se consideraron criterios de reperfusión el pico temprano de CK/CKMB, el descenso del segmento ST mayor del 50 per cent y la negativización de la onda T a las 2 h postrombólisis. Se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante el test de la t de Student para variables cuantitativas y el de la 2 para las cualitativas. Resultados. La edad media de los pacientes, 131 varones y 19 mujeres, fue de 60 años. Un total de 80 infartos fueron de cara inferior y 59 de pared anterior. No existieron diferencias entre los grupos en cuanto a sexo, tipo y tiempo de inicio de la trombólisis, criterios de reperfusión, resultados de la ergometría y la coronariografía, episodios de angina postinfarto o arritmias malignas y fallecimientos. Los pacientes con distorsión final del complejo QRS presentaron infartos de mayor tamaño (CK/CKMB = 3.207[1662]/403 [226] U frente a 2.251[1564]//281[186] U, p = 0,001). Los pacientes con distorsión del complejo QRS presentaron mayor presencia de claves Killip III/IV (OR = 5,44; IC del 95 per cent, 1,01-229,13; p = 0,002) y disfunción ventricular izquierda severa (OR = 3,2; IC del 95 per cent 1,06-9,66; p = 0,003). Conclusión. El patrón electrocardiográfico del ingreso en el infarto agudo de miocardio tratado con trombólisis no se asocia con la respuesta al tratamiento trombolítico, pero sí con el tamaño del infarto y la disfunción ventricular izquierda. (AU)