Influence of stacked structure of carbons modified on its surface on n-pentane adsorption.

In this study, the microstructure of a series of activated carbons modified on its chemistry surface was evaluated from X-ray diffraction and porous structure analysis, and the effect of the stacked graphitic structure on the n-pentane adsorption capacity. The activated carbons were prepared modifying an activated carbon (obtained from coconut shell) by carbonization processes at 1073, 1173 and 1273 K and impregnation with 65% nitric acid solution, 60% phosphoric acid solution and reflux with 30% ammonium hydroxide solution. The activated carbons were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K. It was found that these are essentially microporous materials with surface areas between 469 and 1113 m2 g-1, and the evaluation of the microstructure was performed by determining the number of aromatic layers stacked from the analysis of the observed diffraction peak between 20-30° 2θ which corresponds to the 002 reflection in the plane of the coal using the STACK XRD technical. The results showed that impregnation as carbonization favours the development of the crystalline structure to the activated carbons, which is shown by the increase of the stacked structure at the same time; this favours the n-pentane adsorption.

Estudio de la adsorción de 4-nitrofenol desde solución acuosa sobre un carbón activado con heteroátomos nitrogenados en la superficie: aplicación del Modelo de Sips / Adsorption study of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution on activated carbon with nitrogen heteroatoms on its surface: application of the Sips Model / Estudo da adsorção de 4-nitrofenol a partir de solução aquosa de carvão ativado com heteroátomos azotados na superfície: aplicação do Modelo de Sips

Resumen Se evaluó la aminación de un carbón activado preoxidado con ácido nítrico en la adsorción de 4-nitrofenol. Se aplicó el modelo de Sips a la adsorción desde solución acuosa, utilizando Sigmoidal Logistic 3 Parameter del programa SigmaPlot 12. Los parámetros obtenidos se compararon con los calculados con el programa Statistica 7 para los modelos de Sips y Langmuir. Se encontró que la modificación realizada sobre el carbón activado incrementó la adsorción de 4-nitrofenol de 2,16 a 2,19 mmolg-1, aumentando, a su vez, la afinidad adsorbente-adsorbato. El parámetro para la energía característica del sistema determinado con el modelo de Langmuir toma un valor de 377,47 L mmol-1 al no considerar la heterogeneidad energética, mientras que a partir del modelo de Sips se presenta un valor de 8,32 (Lmmol-1)1/n. Adicionalmente, se encontró que en la ecuación matemática Sigmoidal Logistic 3 Parameter del programa SigmaPlot el valor de 1/x0 corresponde a la constante KLF del modelo Langmuir-Freundlich, mientras que el valor del parámetro Ks del modelo de Sips es igual a (1/x0)-b. Se concluye que la adsorción de 4-nitrofenol sobre el carbón activado se favorece por el incremento de grupos nitrogenados sobre su superficie.

Abstract The amination of a nitric acid pre oxidized activated carbon in the adsorption of 4-nitrophenol was evaluated. The Sips model application to the aqueous solution adsorption data, using Sigmoidal Logistic 3 Parameter formula, in the SigmaPlot 12 program was applied. The obtained parameters were compared with those calculated with Statistica 7 program for Sips and Langmuir models. It was found that the activated carbon increases the adsorption from 2.16 to 2.19 mmol g-1, showing good adsorbent-adsorbate affinity. The system's characteristic energy parameter calculated with the Langmuir model was 377.47 L mmol-1, when not considering energy heterogeneity, while from the Sips model was 8.32 (L.mmol-1)1/n. Additionally, it was found that in the mathematical equation Sigmoidal Logistic 3 Parameter of the SigmaPlot program, the 1/x0 value corresponds to the Langmuir-Freundlich model constant KLF, while the parameter value KS in the Sips model is equal to (1/x0)-b in this program. It was concluded that the 4-nitrophenol adsorption on activated carbon is favored by the presence of nitrogen groups on their activated carbon surface.

Resumo Foi avaliada a aminação de um carvão ativado preoxidado com ácido nítrico na adsorção do 4-nitrofenol. Foi aplicado o modelo de Sips à adsorção desde solução aquosa usando Logística Sigmoidal 3 do programa Sigmaplot 12. Os parâmetros obtidos foram comparados com os calculados com o programa Statistica 7, para os modelos de Sips e Langmuir. Foi encontrado que a modificação do carvão ativado incrementou a adsorção de 4-nitrofenol de 2,16 até 2,19 mmolg-1, acrescentando a afinidade adsorvente-adsorvato. O parâmetro para a energia característica do sistema calculado com o modelo Langmuir teve um valor de 377,47 Lmmol-1 porque não considerou a heterogeneidade energética, enquanto que no modelo de Sips este parâmetro teve um valor de 8,32 (Lmmol-1)1/n. Além disso, foi encontrado que na equação matemática Sigmoidal Logistic 3 Parameter do programa Sigmaplot 3 o valor de 1/x0 corresponde à constante KLF do modelo Langmuir-Freundlich, enquanto o valor do parâmetro KS do modelo de Sips é igual a (1/x0)-b. Conclui-se que a adsorção do 4-nitrofenol sobre carvão ativado é favorecida pela presença de grupos nitrogenado na superfície destes.