Use of Cactus Pear Meal in the Feeding of Laying Hens in Semi-Intensive System.

Little information is available in the literature on the use of cactus pear meal (CPM) in poultry diets; therefore, it is important to evaluate diets that provide excellent performance and lower production costs. Our objective was to study the use of Miúda CPM in the diets of laying hens. In the first study, two diets for male and female chicks were used-1: 80% reference diet + 20% Miúda cactus pear meal (CPM) and 2: 80% reference diet + 20% Gigante cactus pear meal (CPM). The variety Miúda provided a better use of metabolizable energy, as well as a greater digestibility coefficient of dry matter, protein, and mineral matter. In the second study, a control diet was compared to three diets with different levels of Miúda CPM for laying hens in the proportions of 3%, 6%, and 9%. No significant differences were found in productive performance. However, there were significant differences in the some parameters egg quality, texture and color profile of the cooked yolk, egg composition, fatty acids and cholesterol in the yolk. It is possible to use 9% Miúda CPM in the diet of laying hens in a semi-intensive system that does not compromise performance and egg quality, and using 3% Miúda CPM provides a higher economic return.

Diversity, habitat endemicity and trophic ecology of the fauna of Loki's Castle vent field on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge.

Loki's Castle Vent Field (LCVF, 2300 m) was discovered in 2008 and represents the first black-smoker vent field discovered on the Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge (AMOR). However, a comprehensive faunal inventory of the LCVF has not yet been published, hindering the inclusion of the Arctic in biogeographic analyses of vent fauna. There is an urgent need to understand the diversity, spatial distribution and ecosystem function of the biological communities along the AMOR, which will inform environmental impact assesments of future deep-sea mining activities in the region. Therefore, our aim with this paper is to provide a comprehensive inventory of the fauna at LCVF and present a first insight into the food web of the vent community. The fauna of LCVF has a high degree of novelty, with five new species previously described and another ten new species awaiting formal description. Most of the new species from LCVF are either hydrothermal vent specialists or have been reported from other chemosynthesis-based ecosystems. The highest taxon richness is found in the diffuse venting areas and may be promoted by the biogenic habitat generated by the foundation species Sclerolinum contortum. The isotopic signatures of the vent community of LCVF show a clear influence of chemosynthetic primary production on the foodweb. Considering the novel and specialised fauna documented in this paper, hydrothermal vents on the AMOR should be regarded as vulnerable marine ecosystems and protective measures must therefore be implemented, especially considering the potential threat from resource exploration and exploitation activities in the near future.

Ocular repercussions in COVID-19 patients: structural changes of the retina and choroid.

BACKGROUND: Neurotropic capabilities of SARS-COVs allow viruses to reach the central nervous system by hematogenous neuronal dissemination. The human retina, as an extension of the Central Nervous System, may have some neurodegenerative and/or vascular modifications related to COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate choroidal and inner neural layers in participants previously recovered from COVID-19 compared to the control group using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: With a cross-sectional approach, the sample (n = 96), constituted by patients who have recovered from COVID-19 (n = 56) and healthy participants control group (n = 40) were ophthalmologically characterized. The neurodegenerative and vascular histological assessment was performed using SD-OCT and the mean thickness was measured in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields. Retinal nerve fiber layer, Ganglion cell layer and subfoveal choroidal thickness were obtained through semi-automatic measurement. RESULTS: A total of 40 controls (27 women [67.5%]) and 56 COVID-19 participants (34 women [60.8%]) were included in this first report. There were retinal thickness significant differences in nearly all inner ETDRS subfields: nasal 3 mm (p = .025), I3 (p = .049), and temporal 3 mm (p = .009). Also, a decrease in neural layers was found in the nasal 3 mm (p = .049) and temporal 3 mm (p = .029) during ganglion cell layer assessment. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was thinner in the COVID-19 group in superior temporal (p = .019), nasal (p = .002), inferior temporal (p = .046) and global (p = .014). Concerning the subfoveal choroidal measurement, an increase was observed in the COVID-19 group (p = .002). CONCLUSION: Participants who had recovered from COVID-19 showed a non-glaucomatous neuropathy trend pattern. We found differences closer to the classic description of the "bow-tie" observed in other neurological as compressive neuropathies at the chiasma location. OCT assessment also showed an increase in choroidal thickness as a result of vascular changes.

Prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos e sua associação com a ingestão de nutrientes dietéticos / Prevalence of sarcopenia in the older adults and its association with dietary nutrient intake

Este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos e sua associação com a ingestão de nutrientes dietéticos. Estudo quantitativo, transversal e analítico desenvolvido com 114 idosos adscritos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde localizada em Mossoró (RN). A coleta foi realizada por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, inquérito dietético, avaliação nutricional e antropométrica. Para determinação da sarcopenia, utilizou-se testes como o Timed up and go, de preensão manual e equação preditiva de massa muscular esquelética. Identificou-se prevalência de sarcopenia de 26,32%, concomitante à presença de depleção de massa muscular, baixo peso, fator de risco aumentado com o avançar da idade e desempenho físico inadequado. Constatou-se que a chance dos idosos com idade até 70 anos apresentar sarcopenia diminuiu em 73%, contraposto aos com idade acima de 70 anos e que as chances dos usuários com Timed up and go adequado apresentarem a doença diminui em 75% comparada aos participantes que apresentaram inadequação no desempenho físico. Verificou-se que os idosos sarcopênicos consu-miam quantidades reduzidas de muitos micronutrientes, como: vitamina D, E, C, B2, B3, B12, magnésio, selênio e zinco, além de apresentarem dieta inadequada em energia e proteínas, comparados aos não sarcopênicos. Ressalta-se a necessidade da expansão de conhecimentos sobre alimentação, prevenção e tratamento da sarcopenia.

This study aimed to verify the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly and its association with dietary nutrient intake. Quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 114 elderly enrolled in a Basic Health Unit located in Mossoró (RN). Data were collected using a sociodemographic question-naire, dietary survey, nutritional and anthropometric assessment. To determine sarcopenia, tests such as Timed up and go, handgrip and predictive equation of skeletal muscle mass were used. A prevalence of sarcopenia of 26.32% was identified, concomitant with the presence of muscle mass depletion, low weight, increased risk factor with advancing age and inadequate physical performance. It was found that the chance of elderly people aged up to 70 years to present sarcopenia decreased by 73%, compared to those aged over 70 years and that the chances of users with adequate Timed up and go to present the disease decreased by 75% compared to participants who showed inadequate physical performance. It was found that sarcopenic elderly consumed reduced amounts of many micronutrients, such as: vitamin D, E, C, B2, B3, B12, magnesium, selenium and zinc, in addition to having an inadequate diet in terms of energy and protein, compared to non-sarcopenic individuals. It emphasizes the need to expand knowledge about food, prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.

[Theoretical-logical model and judgment matrix of the effectiveness of the Expanded Family Health and Basic Healthcare Centers]. / Construção de modelo teórico-lógico e matriz de julgamento para avaliação da efetividade do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica.

Primary health care requires work processes guided by collaborative inter-professional action to respond to health care needs. The Expanded Family Health and Basic Healthcare Center (NASF-AB) acts as an important device to expand the possibilities of care in this scenario. This study aims to describe the process of constructing a theoretical-logical model and judgment matrix to evaluate the effectiveness of the NASF-AB. Evaluative study, with a descriptive-qualitative approach using documentary research, in which 11 documents regulating the work process of NASF-AB were selected to support the theoretical-logical model. For the elaboration of the judgment matrix to evaluate the effectiveness of NASF-AB, we considered the fundamental concepts and expected competencies, with the definition of indicators and criteria for a staggered evaluation, which allows classifying the NASF-AB as effective, potentially effective, low effectiveness, and non-effective. Both the structuring of the model and the application of the matrix and its graphic expression are instruments that support the ideal functioning of the NASF-AB, being able to guide decision-making in the management and work process, in the care and pedagogical dimensions. The products of this investigation constitute theoretical and methodological devices to support the evaluation of the effectiveness of NASF-AB and to identify the weaknesses and potencies of its performance.

A atenção básica requer processos de trabalho orientados pelo agir interprofissional colaborativo para responder às necessidades de saúde. O Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF-AB) atua como importante dispositivo para ampliar as possibilidades de cuidado nesse cenário. Objetiva-se descrever o processo de construção de um modelo teórico-lógico e matriz de julgamento para avaliação da efetividade do NASF-AB. Foi realizado um estudo avaliativo, de abordagem descritivo-qualitativa com uso de pesquisa documental, em que foram selecionados 11 documentos regulamentadores do processo de trabalho do NASF-AB para subsidiar o modelo teórico-lógico. Na elaboração da matriz de julgamento para avaliação da efetividade do NASF-AB, consideraram-se os conceitos fundamentais e as competências esperadas, com a definição de indicadores e critérios para uma avaliação escalonar, a qual permite classificar o NASF-AB em efetivo, potencialmente efetivo, com baixa efetividade e não efetivo. Tanto a estruturação do modelo quanto a aplicação da matriz e sua expressão gráfica são instrumentos que subsidiam o funcionamento ideal do NASF-AB, sendo capazes de orientar a tomada de decisão na gestão e no processo de trabalho, nas dimensões assistencial e pedagógica. Os produtos desta investigação se constituem em dispositivos teórico-metodológicos para subsidiar a avaliação da efetividade do NASF-AB e permitir identificar insuficiências e potências de sua atuação.

La atención primaria requiere procesos de trabajo guiados por la acción colaborativa interprofesional para satisfacer las necesidades de salud. El Núcleo Ampliado de Salud Familiar y Atención Básica (NASF-AB) actúa como un importante dispositivo para ampliar las posibilidades de atención en este escenario. El objetivo es describir el proceso de construcción de un modelo teórico-lógico y una matriz de evaluación de la eficacia del NASF-AB. Estudio evaluativo de abordaje descriptivo-cualitativo con uso de investigación documental, en el que se seleccionaron 11 documentos reguladores del proceso de trabajo del NASF-AB para subsidiar el modelo teórico-lógico. Para la elaboración de la matriz de evaluación para la evaluación de la eficacia del NASF-AB, se consideraron los conceptos fundamentales y las competencias esperadas, con la definición de indicadores y criterios para una evaluación escalonada que permite clasificar el NASF-AB en eficaz, potencialmente eficaz, poco eficaz y no eficaz. Tanto la estructuración del modelo como la aplicación de la matriz y su expresión gráfica son instrumentos que subsidian el funcionamiento ideal del NASF-AB, pudiendo orientar la toma de decisiones en la gestión y en el proceso de trabajo, en las dimensiones asistencial y pedagógica. Los resultados de esta investigación se constituyen en dispositivos teórico-metodológicos para subsidiar la evaluación de la eficacia del NASF-AB y permitir la identificación de insuficiencias y potencialidades de su actuación.

Crenças sobre a violência conjugal: uma explicação a partir dos valores humanos / Beliefs about Conjugal Violence: An Explanation from Human Values

Objetivo. O presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a relação entre valores humanos e crenças sobre a violência conjugal. Método. Contou com uma amostra composta por 202 sujeitos da população geral da cidade de Parnaíba-PI, com uma média de idade de 28,52 anos (DP = 10,33). Estes responderam as seguintes escalas: Escala de Crenças sobre a Violência Conjugal (ECVC), Questionário de Valores Básicos (QVB-18) e um Questionário Sociodemográfico. O software SPSS (versão 22) auxiliou na execução das análises descritivas, correlação (r de Pearson), e regressão (Métodos Stepwise). Resultados. Os resultados apontaram que as subfunções Interativa, Suprapessoal, e Existência apresentam correlações significativas e inversas com todas as dimensões da ECVC; ou seja, ratificam a capacidade dos valores humanos de explicarem construtos sociais, como a violência conjugal.

Objective. The The present work aimed to discover the relationship between human values and beliefs about marital violence. Method. The sample was composed by 202 subjects from the general population of the city of Parnaíba-PI. The average age was 28.52 years (SD = 10.33). They were administered the following instruments: Belief on Marital Violence Scale (BMVS), Basic Values ​​Questionnaire (BVQ-18), and a Socio-demographic Questionnaire. The SPSS software (version 22) assisted in the execution of descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation (r), and regression (Stepwise Methods). Results. The results showed that the Interactive, Suprapersonal, and Existence subfunctions present significant and inverse correlations with all dimensions of BMVS; they ratify the ability of human values to explain social constructs such as marital violence.

Photo-degradable, tough and highly stretchable hydrogels.

We present for the first time highly stretchable and tough hydrogels with controlled light-triggered photodegradation. A double-network of alginate/polyacrylamide (PAAm) is formed by using covalently and ionically crosslinked subnetworks. The ionic Ca2+ alginate interpenetrates a PAAm network covalently crosslinked by a bifunctional acrylic crosslinker containing the photodegradable o-nitrobenzyl (ONB) core instead of the commonly used methylene bisacrylamide (MBAA). Remarkably, due to the developed protocol, the change of the crosslinker did not affect the hydrogel's mechanical properties. The incorporation of photosensitive components in hydrogels allows external temporal control of their properties and tuneable degradation. Cell viability and cell proliferation assays revealed that hydrogels and their photodegradation products are not cytotoxic to the NIH3T3 cell line. In one example of application, we used these hydrogels for bio-potential acquisition in wearable electrocardiography. Surprisingly, these hydrogels showed a lower skin-electrode impedance, compared to the common medical grade Ag/AgCl electrodes. This work lays the foundation for the next generation of tough and highly stretchable hydrogels that are environmentally friendly and can find applications in a variety of fields such as health, electronics, and energy, as they combine excellent mechanical properties with controlled degradation.

Avaliação do risco da doença de Alzheimer nos idosos com Diabetes Mellitus / Risk assessment of alzheimer's disease in the elderly with diabetes mellitus / Evaluación del riesgo de la enfermedad de alzheimer en ancianos con diabetes mellitus

Objetivo: Avaliar o risco de Alzheimer dos pacientes idosos com diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 na zona urbana de Mossoró/Rio Grande do Norte. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo de natureza exploratória, observacional e analítica, realizado nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Mossoró. Dois instrumentos foram utilizados para a coleta de dados: ficha para aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos; e o Clinical Dementia Rating. Resultados: Encontrou-se diferenças estatísticas entre a classificação do Clinical Dementia Rating com a faixa etária, uso de Glibenclamida, tabagistas e transtornos psíquicos. As menores rendas familiares apresentaram maior classificação de demência. Os idosos que apresentaram maior classificação de risco de demência fazem uso de Glibenclamida, são tabagistas com menores rendas familiares. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se a necessidade de uma avaliação de risco de demência nas consultas aos idosos na atenção primária em saúde, bem como capacitação dos profissionais em alternativas e custo benefício medicamentoso para cada indivíduo. Descritores: Saúde do Idoso; Doença de Alzheimer; Diabetes Mellitus; Demência; Promoção da Saúde. (AU)

Objective: To assess the Alzheimer's risk of elderly patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the urban area of Mossoró / Rio Grande do Norte. Methods: This is an exploratory, observational and analytical retrospective cohort study carried out in the Basic Health Units in the city of Mossoró. Two instruments were used for data collection: a form for epidemiological and clinical aspects; and Clinical Dementia Rating. Results: Statistical differences were found between the classification of the Clinical Dementia Rating with the age group, use of Glibenclamide, smokers and mental disorders. The lowest family incomes had a higher classification of dementia. The elderly who presented a higher risk of dementia use Glibenclamide, are smokers with lower family income. Conclusion: The need for an assessment of the risk of dementia in consultations with the elderly in primary health care was evidenced, as well as training of professionals in alternatives and cost-effective medication for each individual. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo de Alzheimer de pacientes ancianos diagnosticados con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 en el área urbana de Mossoró / Rio Grande do Norte. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, exploratorio, observacional y analítico realizado en las Unidades Básicas de Salud de la ciudad de Mossoró. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron dos instrumentos: un formulario para aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos; y calificación clínica de demencia. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas entre la clasificación del Clinical Dementia Rating con el grupo de edad, uso de Glibenclamida, fumadores y trastornos mentales. Los ingresos familiares más bajos tenían una clasificación más alta de demencia. Los ancianos que presentan mayor riesgo de demencia utilizan Glibenclamida, son fumadores con menores ingresos familiares. Conclusión: Se evidenció la necesidad de una evaluación del riesgo de demencia en las consultas con los ancianos en la atención primaria de salud, así como la formación de los profesionales en alternativas y medicación costo-efectiva para cada individuo. (AU)

HIV/AIDS e as infecções oportunistas / HIV/AIDS and opportunistic infections / VIH/SIDA e infecciones oportunistas

Objetivo: investigar quais doenças infecciosas mais atingem as pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS e sua relação com o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dessa população. Método: pesquisa observacional, longitudinal e retrospectiva, desenvolvida no Hospital Rafael Fernandes em Mossoró/RN, Brasil. Utilizaram-se 22 prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com HIV/AIDS, e a coleta se deu entre os anos de 2018 e 2019 com dados dos últimos 5 anos. Resultados: averiguou-se que 59,09% eram homens acima de 40 anos (54,55%) e casados (54,55%). Um maior número atingiu pessoas com Ensino Fundamental (55,56%), havendo predomínio das ocupações de agricultor (23.81%) e de doméstica (14.29%). As principais doenças infecciosas apresentadas pelos pacientes foram toxoplasmose cerebral (16,7%), HPV (13,3%), tuberculose (13,3%) e gastroenterites (13,3%). Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou a caracterização do perfil epidemiológico e clínico, bem como a identificação das principais infecções oportunistas. Tais infecções surgiram com a piora do quadro clínico e apresentaram associação principalmente com as condições precárias de vida, como a pobreza, o trabalho informal e a baixa escolaridade. Constatou-se também a interiorização da epidemia, com disseminação da infecção em direção a municípios de pequeno e médio portes.(AU)

Objective: to investigate which infectious diseases most affect people living with HIV/AIDS and their relation to the epidemiological and clinical profile of this population. Method: observational, longitudinal and retrospective research, developed at Hospital Rafael Fernandes in Mossoró/RN, Brazil. Twenty-two medical records of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were used, and the collection took place between the years 2018 and 2019 with data from the last 5 years. Results: it was found that 59.09% were men over 40 years old (54.55%) and married (54.55%). A higher number reached people with elementary school education (55.56%), with a predominance of the occupations of farmer (23.81%) and housekeeper (14.29%). The main infectious diseases presented by the patients were cerebral toxoplasmosis (16.7%), HPV (13.3%), tuberculosis (13.3%) and gastroenteritis (13.3%). Conclusion: the study allowed the characterization of the epidemiological and clinical profile, as well as the identification of the main opportunistic infections. Such infections appeared with the aggravation of the clinical picture and were mainly associated with precarious living conditions, such as poverty, informal work, and low education levels. The interiorization of the epidemic was also observed, with dissemination of the infection towards small and medium-sized municipalities.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar qué enfermedades infecciosas más afectan a las personas que viven con VIH / SIDA y su relación con el perfil epidemiológico y clínico de esta población. Método: investigación observacional, longitudinal y retrospectiva, desarrollada en el Hospital Rafael Fernandes de Mossoró/RN, Brasil. Se utilizaron 22 historias clínicas de pacientes diagnosticados con VIH/SIDA, y la recogida se realizó entre los años 2018 y 2019 con datos de los últimos 5 años. Resultados: se encontró que el 59,09% eran hombres mayores de 40 años (54,55%) y casados (54,55%). Un mayor número alcanzó a personas con Educación Primaria (55,56%), con predominio de ocupaciones de agricultor (23,81%) y domésticas (14,29%). Las principales enfermedades infecciosas que presentaron los pacientes fueron toxoplasmosis cerebral (16,7%), VPH (13,3%), tuberculosis (13,3%) y gastroenteritis (13,3%). Conclusión: el estudio permitió caracterizar el perfil epidemiológico y clínico, así como identificar las principales infecciones oportunistas. Tales infecciones surgieron con el empeoramiento de la condición clínica y se asociaron principalmente con las precarias condiciones de vida, como pobreza, trabajo informal y baja escoaridad. También se verificó la interiorización de la epidemia con la propagación de la infección hacia municipios pequeños y medianos.(AU)

Análise do discurso dos gestores do Programa de Controle da Hanseníase / Speech analysis of the managers of leprosy control program

Objetivo: analisar o discurso dos gestores do Programa Nacional de Controle da Hanseníase (PNCH). Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, de abordagem discursiva. Os coordenadores dos pólos da PNCH do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), os coordenadores regionais e o coordenador estadual compuseram a população, foram incluídos aqueles com vínculo com o serviço por pelo menos seis meses, 12 gestores foram considerados adequados como amostra. O material empírico, coletado de novembro de 2015 a junho de 2016, foi analisado por meio da análise do discurso. Resultados: os enunciadores construíram discursos em torno de dois eixos: a questão dos médicos, com ênfase no centro de atenção à saúde, e a questão da gestão, apoiada nos princípios burocráticos com componentes legados do regime autoritário, tendo, ambos os eixos, influência do modelo sanitarista/ativista. Conclusão: entende-se que o PNCH pode melhorar a partir da profissionalização da gestão e da ênfase na promoção da saúde e no trabalho em equipe. (AU)

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the discourse of the managers of the National Leprosy Control Program (NLCP). Method: a descriptive and qualitative study with a discursive approach.The coordinators of the NLCP host cities of Rio Grande do Norte, the regional coordinators and the state coordinator composed the population, witch included those with bond to the service for at least six months, 12 managers were considered suitable as a sample. The empirical material, collected from November 2015 to June 2016, was investigated through discourse analysis. Results: The enunciators built speeches around two axes: the subject of the phisicyans, emphasizing the center of Health Care, and the subject of management, supported by the bureaucrats principles with legacy components of the authoritarian regime, with both axes having influence of the sanitary/activist model. Conclusion: It is understood that the NLCP can improve from the professionalization of management and the emphasis on health promotion and teamwork. (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el discurso de los gerentes del Programa Nacional de Control de la Lepra (PNCL). Método: estudio descriptivo e cualitativo con enfoque discursivo. Los coordinadores de las ciudades sede del PNCL en Rio Grande do Norte (RN), los coordinadores regionales y el coordinador estatal componían la población, se incluyeron aquellos con vínculos al servicio durante al menos seis meses, 12 gerentes se consideraron adecuados como muestra. El material empírico, recopilado desde noviembre de 2015 hasta junio de 2016, fue investigado mediante análisis del discurso. Resultados: Los enunciadores formularon discursos en torno a dos ejes: la cuestión de los médicos, con énfasis en el centro de atención de la salud, y la cuestión de la gestión, respaldada por principios burocráticos con componentes heredados del régimen autoritario, con ambos ejes influenciados por el modelo sanitario/activista. Conclusión: Se entiende que el PNCL puede mejorar en función de la profesionalización de la gestión y el énfasis en la promoción de la salud y el trabajo en equipo. (AU)

Chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of insect meal for broiler.

To determine the chemical composition and digestibility of insect meal for poultry made from the larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TL) and nymphs of Gryllus assimilis (GAN) a total excreta collection test was carried out, substituting 20% of the reference diet with each type of meal. The meals presented 6074 and 5975 kcal/Kg of gross energy, with 49.34% and 52.66% protein for TL and GAN respectively. The most nutrient digestibility was less than 65%, except for energy and ether-extract digestibility in the meal from Tenebrio molitor larvae, which were over 70%. The meals under analysis can be used as a source of nutrients in poultry diets.

Rock sponges (lithistid Demospongiae) of the Northeast Atlantic seamounts, with description of ten new species.

BACKGROUND: Lithistid demosponges, also known as rock sponges, are a polyphyletic group of sponges which are widely distributed. In the Northeast Atlantic (NEA), 17 species are known and the current knowledge on their distribution is mainly restricted to the Macaronesian islands. In the Mediterranean Sea, 14 species are recorded and generally found in marine caves. METHODS: Lithistids were sampled in nine NEA seamounts during the scientific expeditions Seamount 1 (1987) and Seamount 2 (1993) organized by the MNHN of Paris. Collected specimens were identified through the analyses of external and internal morphological characters using light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with material from various museum collections as well as literature records. RESULTS: A total of 68 specimens were analysed and attributed to 17 species across two orders, seven families, and seven genera, representing new records of distribution. Ten of these species are new to science, viz. Neoschrammeniella inaequalis sp. nov., N. piserai sp. nov., N. pomponiae sp. nov., Discodermia arbor sp. nov., D. kellyae sp. nov., Macandrewia schusterae sp. nov., M. minima sp. nov., Exsuperantia levii sp. nov., Leiodermatium tuba sp. nov. and Siphonidium elongatus sp. nov., and are here described and illustrated. New bathymetric records were also found for D. ramifera, D. verrucosa and M. robusta. The Meteor seamount group has a higher species richness (15 species) compared to the Lusitanian seamount group (six species). The majority of the species had their distribution restricted to one seamount, and ten are only known from a single locality, but this can be a result of sample bias. DISCUSSION: The number of species shared between the seamounts and the Macaronesian islands is very reduced. The same pattern repeats between the NEA and Mediterranean Sea. This study demonstrates that NEA seamounts are ecosystems with a higher diversity of lithistids than previously thought, increasing the number of lithistids known to occur in the NEA and Mediterranean Sea from 26 to 36 species.

Estratégias de enfrentamento após o diagnóstico de câncer de mama / Coping strategies after breast cancer diagnosis / Estrategias de afrontamiento tras el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama

Objetivo: Descrever as estratégias de enfrentamento e de apoio às mulheres ocorridas após o diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, realizada de março a abril de 2019, na cidade de Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, desenvolvida com sete mulheres vinculadas ao Núcleo de Apoio aos Portadores de Câncer. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante entrevista semiestruturada, analisada através da análise de conteúdo, surgindo as categorias temáticas: Diagnóstico - Sentença de morte ou possiblidade de cura; Repercussões na vida cotidiana - principais mudanças e os seus aspectos diante do adoecimento; A importância das relações para o enfrentamento do câncer de mama - família, amigos e cônjuge; Núcleo de apoio aos portadores de câncer - Educação e promoção em saúde. Resultados: Diante do diagnóstico, as mulheres buscaram no cônjuge, na família, nos amigos e na religião/espiritualidade medidas de superação. Ocorreram mudanças de hábitos alimentares e a necessidade de afastamento do trabalho. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu conhecer as dificuldades ocorridas na vida de mulheres com o diagnóstico de câncer de mama, as quais são de ordem emocional, social e familiar. Evidenciou-se, ainda, que esta neoplasia promove mudanças no estilo de vida, negativas ou positivas.

Objective: To describe coping and supporting strategies for women after breast cancer diagnosis. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted from March to April 2019 in the city of Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, with seven women served by the Cancer Patients Support Center. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and submitted to content analysis, which yielded the following thematic categories: Diagnosis - Death sentence or possibility of cure; Repercussions in daily life - Main changes and their aspects in the face of illness; The importance of relationships in coping with breast cancer - family, friends and spouse; Cancer Patients Support Center ­ Health education and promotion. Results: Faced with the diagnosis, women looked out for overcoming measures in their spouses, families, friends and even religion/spirituality. They changed their eating habits and took a leave from work. Conclusion: This study allowed to understand the difficulties women face after breast cancer diagnosis. These difficulties include emotional, social and family problems. We also found that this type of neoplasm causes both positive and negative changes in their lifestyle.

Objetivo: Describir las estrategias de afrontamiento y de apoyo a las mujeres tras el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. Métodos: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva y cualitativa realizada entre marzo y abril de 2019 en la ciudad de Pau dos Ferros, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, desarrollada con siete mujeres del Núcleo de Apoyo a los Portadores de Cáncer. La recogida de datos se dio a través de entrevista semiestructurada que ha sido analizada por el análisis de contenido de la cual se ha presentado las categorías temáticas a continuación: Diagnóstico ­ Sentencia de muerte o posibilidad de cura; Repercusiones de la vida cotidiana ­ principales cambios y sus aspectos ante la enfermedad; La importancia de las relaciones para el afrontamiento del cáncer de mama ­ la familia, los amigos y el cónyuge; Núcleo de apoyo a los portadores de cáncer ­ Educación y promoción de la salud. Resultados: Ante el diagnóstico las mujeres buscaron los cónyuges, la familia, los amigos y la religión/espiritualidad como medidas de superación. Ocurrieron cambios de hábitos alimentarios y la necesidad de alejamiento del trabajo. Conclusión: El estudio ha permitido el conocimiento de las dificultades emocionales, sociales y familiares de la vida de mujeres con el diagnóstico de cáncer de mama. Se ha evidenciado, aún, que esta neoplasia genera cambios negativos o positivos en el estilo de vida.

Revision of the genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen, 2009 (Tetractinellida: Phymaraphiniidae) with description of a new species from the Atlantic Ocean.

Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen 1924 (Porifera: Astrophorina) is a family of lithistid demosponges that has received little attention in the past decades. The systematic problems within this family have not been addressed for a long time due to the absence of new records and material. The genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen 2009 was first described by Schmidt (1879) as Rimella to allocate the species Rimella clava, found in the Caribbean. In 1892, Topsent found what he thought to be the same species described by Schmidt in the Azores, and synonymized it with Racodiscula clava, as he thought this species belonged to the family Theonellidae Lendenfeld 1903. However, Rimella and Racodiscula belong to distinct families: Rimella to Phymaraphiniidae, and Racodiscula to Theonellidae. Due to the fact that the genus Rimella was already preoccupied by a gastropod, it was renamed as Exsuperantia. In result of the poor preservation of Schmidt's material and the absence of new specimens, the attribution of Topsent's specimens to the family level remained obscure. Here, we review the genus Exsuperantia based on the analysis of new material recently collected during various research expeditions in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The comparison of these new specimens with Schmidt's and Topsent's type material, allowed us to assign Topsent's specimens to a new species, Exsuperantia archipelagus sp. nov., and confirm its attribution to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae). Phylogenetic reconstructions using newly generated sequences of the cytochrome subunit (COI) marker also support the assignment of the new species to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae).

Experiências vivenciadas por pessoas hospitalizadas com queimaduras: a luz da história oral / Experiencias vividas por personas hospitalizadas con quemaduras: la luz de la historia oral / Experiences of people hospitalized with burns: in the light of oral history

OBJETIVO: Descrever as experiências vivenciadas por pessoas hospitalizadas com queimaduras. MÉTODO: Estudo exploratório descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 colaboradores, em um hospital de referência no tratamento de queimaduras no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, entre Março e Maio de 2016, utilizando a História Oral de Vida como método para coleta de dados e referencial metodológico. Realizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin, emergindo quatro eixos temáticos que nortearam as discussões: lembranças do passado, momento da queimadura, comportamento frente a pele queimada e o tratamento e perspectivas de um futuro. RESULTADOS: Durante a hospitalização existe o sentimento de valorização da vida, saudade, dor, ansiedade, ociosidade, desejo de trabalhar e esperança. CONCLUSÃO: Infere-se que a hospitalização da pessoa queimada é complexa, envolve fatores físicos, emocionais e sociais, refletindo diretamente no seu comportamento, desejos, ações, reações e resposta ao tratamento.

OBJETIVO: Describir las experiencias de personas hospitalizadas con quemaduras. MÉTODO: Estudio exploratorio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con 14 empleados, en un hospital de referencia en el tratamiento de quemaduras en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, entre marzo y mayo de 2016, utilizando el Historial de vida oral como método de recolección de datos y marco metodológico. Se realizó el análisis de contenido temático de Bardin, surgiendo cuatro ejes temáticos que guiaron las discusiones: recuerdos del pasado; tiempo de quemado; comportamiento contra la piel quemada y el tratamiento y las perspectivas de futuro. RESULTADOS: durante la hospitalización hay un sentimiento de apreciación de la vida, anhelo, dolor, ansiedad, ociosidad, deseo de trabajar y esperanza. CONCLUSIÓN: Se infiere que la hospitalización de la persona quemada es compleja, involucra factores físicos, emocionales y sociales, que reflejan directamen su comportamiento, deseos, acciones, reacciones y respuesta al tratamiento.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of people hospitalized with burns. METHOD: A descriptive exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out with 14 employees, in a reference hospital for the treatment of burns in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, between March and May 2016, using the Oral History as the collection method and methodological framework. Bardin's thematic content analysis was used, which resulted in the emergence of four thematic axes that guided the discussions: memories of the past; the moment of the burn; behavior in relation to burned skin and the treatment and outlook for the future. RESULTS: During hospitalization there is a feeling of appreciation for life, longing, pain, anxiety, idleness, desire to work and hope. CONCLUSION: It is inferred that the hospitalization of the burned person is complex which involves physical, emotional and social factors, directly reflecting on their behavior, desires, actions, reactions and response to treatment.

Aspectos relacionados à violência contra o idoso: concepção do enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família / The aspects related to violence against elderly: nurse's perception from the Family Health Strategy / Aspectos relacionados con la violencia contra los ancianos: Estrategia de Salud Familiar concepto enfermera

Objetivo: Conhecer aspectos relacionados à violência contra o idoso, sob a concepção do enfermeiro da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com dez enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família, em Teresina, Brasil, de setembro a outubro de 2014. Utilizaram-se entrevistas gravadas para a coleta dos dados, por meio de um roteiro semiestruturado, fundamentados pela análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: Foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: Identificação pelas enfermeiras das situações de violência contra o idoso, na abordagem durante o atendimento de rotina, no acompanhamento pelo Agente Comunitário de Saúde e nas visitas domiciliares; e, Ações desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras frente aos casos identificados de violência contra o idoso, por meio de ações educativas, acionamento da Delegacia do Idoso e encaminhamentos para os Serviços Sociais. Conclusão: os enfermeiros necessitam de capacitação para o trabalho de assistência na Estratégia Saúde da Família, voltado ao agravo da violência contra o idoso

Objective: The study's purpose has been to further understand aspects related to violence against the elderly through the perception of the nurse from the Family Health Strategy. Methods: It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach that was carried out with ten nurses from the Family Health Strategy, in Teresina city, Brazil, over the period from September to October 2014. Recorded interviews were used to collect the data, using a semi-structured script, based on content analysis, thematic modality. Results: The following two thematic categories were identified: 'Identification by the nurses of violence situations against the elderly', during the routine care approach in the follow-up by the Community Health Agent and in the home visits; and, 'Actions performed by nurses in response to identified cases of violence against the elderly', through educational actions, activation of the Elderly Police Station and referrals to Social Services. Conclusion: The nurses need training with regard to the assistance service provided in the Family Health Strategy, and focused on the issue of aggravating violence against the elderly

Objetivo: Conocer aspectos de la violencia contra los ancianos, bajo la concepción de enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. Métodos: La investigación cualitativa realizada con diez enfermeras de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia en Teresina, Brasil, septiembre-octubre de 2014. Fue utilizado registraron las entrevistas para la recopilación de datos a través de un semi-estructurada, fundada por el análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados: Se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: enfermeras de identificación de las situaciones de violencia contra las personas mayores en el enfoque durante el cuidado rutinario, seguimiento por parte del Agente Comunitario de Salud y las visitas a domicilio; y las acciones desarrolladas por las enfermeras los casos identificados de la violencia contra las personas mayores, a través de actividades educativas, la activación de la Policía de los ancianos y las referencias a los servicios sociales. Conclusión: Las enfermeras necesitan capacitación para el trabajo de ayuda en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia, orientado al delito de violencia contra las personas mayores

The Portuguese Severe Asthma Registry: Development, Features, and Data Sharing Policies.

The Portuguese Severe Asthma Registry (Registo de Asma Grave Portugal, RAG) was developed by an open collaborative network of asthma specialists. RAG collects data from adults and pediatric severe asthma patients that despite treatment optimization and adequate management of comorbidities require step 4/5 treatment according to GINA recommendations. In this paper, we describe the development and implementation of RAG, its features, and data sharing policies. The contents and structure of RAG were defined in a multistep consensus process. A pilot version was pretested and iteratively improved. The selection of data elements for RAG considered other severe asthma registries, aiming at characterizing the patient's clinical status whilst avoiding overloading the standard workflow of the clinical appointment. Features of RAG include automatic assessment of eligibility, easy data input, and exportable data in natural language that can be pasted directly in patients' electronic health record and security features to enable data sharing (among researchers and with other international databases) without compromising patients' confidentiality. RAG is a national web-based disease registry of severe asthma patients, available at asmagrave.pt. It allows prospective clinical data collection, promotes standardized care and collaborative clinical research, and may contribute to inform evidence-based healthcare policies for severe asthma.

Dificuldades no atendimento às urgências e emergências psiquiátricas no serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência / Barriers in the care of emergencies and psychiatric emergencies in the urgent mobile care services

Objetivo: Identificar as dificuldades existentes na implementação de uma assistência de emergência ao usuário em sofrimento psíquico no Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU). Metodologia: Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e qualitativa realizada com 34 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem do SAMU do município de Mossoró/RN, Brasil. O instrumento para a coleta de dados foi um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise temática de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: A assistência de enfermagem ofertada aos usuários em situação de urgência e Emergência psiquiátrica é realizada de forma inadequada, principalmente pela falta de uma rede de serviços em saúde mental estruturada e resolutiva. Conclusão: A falta de uma rede de atendimento em saúde mental organizada e hierarquizada constitui entrave para que as diretrizes da Reforma Psiquiátrica possam ser concretizadas na prática.

Objective: To identify the difficulties that exist in the implementation of emergency assistance to the user in psychological distress in the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU). Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory, qualitative research. The study was conducted with 22 professionals from the SAMU nursing team in the city of Mossoró / RN. The instrument for data collection was a semi-structured interview script. The data were analyzed using the thematic content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. Results: Nursing care offered to users in emergency and psychiatric emergencies is inadequately performed, mainly due to the lack of a structured and resolutive network of mental health services. Conclusion: The lack of an organized and hierarchical mental health care network is an obstacle to the implementation of the Psychiatric Reform guidelines in practice.

Objetivo: Identificar las dificultades existentes en la implementación de una atención de emergencia al usuario en sufrimiento psíquico en el Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia (SAMU). Método: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, de carácter exploratorio, de naturaleza cualitativa. El estudio fue realizado con 22 profesionales del equipo de enfermería del SAMU del Municipality of Mossoró/RN, Brazil. El instrumento para la recolección de datos fue un guión de entrevista semiestructurado. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de la técnica de análisis temático de contenido propuesta por Bardin. Resultados: La asistencia de enfermería ofrecida a los usuarios en situación de urgencia y Emergencia psiquiátrica es realizada de forma inadecuada, debido principalmente a la falta de una red de servicios de salud mental estructurada y resolutiva. Conclusión: La falta de una red de atención en salud mental organizada y jerarquizada, se constituye en un obstáculo para que las directrices de la Reforma Psiquiátrica puedan concretarse en la práctica.

Violence against the elderly: the conceptions of nursing professionals regarding detection and prevention. / Violência contra idosos: concepções dos profissionais de enfermagem acerca da detecção e prevenção.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the conceptions of the nursing professionals working in Basic Health Units regarding the detection and prevention of violence against the elderly. METHODS: Descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study. Performed in two BHUs in Mossoró/RN, using a semi-structured interview script, from March to August of 2013. Sample composed of four nurses and six nursing technicians. The content analysis, pre-analysis, material exploration, and treatment of results were performed. RESULTS: Four categories were identified: Strategies used to identify violence against the elderly; Types of violence against the elderly; Conduct used after finding a suspicion of violence; SUS and the problem of violence against the elderly. Many professionals recognize/distrust possible cases, however, they do not know how to proceed. The dimension of the problem requires that pragmatic interventions be performed in the clinical setting and in the social context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: There is a need for continuing education for professionals and greater communication between the bodies responsible for reporting and embracement.

Understanding "patient discharge in leprosy": a concept analysis. / Compreendendo a "alta em hanseníase": uma análise de conceito.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the concept of patient discharge in leprosy. METHODS: Theoretical study guided in the methodological framework of concept analysis. A bibliographical survey was held from December 2015 to January 2016 using the following bases: SCOPUS, CINAHL, PubMed, LILACS, SCIELO and BDENF, by use of the descriptors "Leprosy" and "Patient Discharge", resulting in 13 studies. RESULTS: The following were identified as possible uses for the concept: discharge by cure, drug use discharge, bacteriological discharge and post-discharge. The attributes defined were completion of multidrug therapy, completion of multidrug therapy for paucibacillary leprosy, completion of multidrug therapy for multibacillary leprosy and cure from leprosy. The presence of an M. leprae infection, symptoms present in skin and peripheral nerves, diagnosis and treatment and leprosy reactions were identified as antecedents. Consequents were exclusion from the active leprosy record and continuity of health care. One case model and one opposing case were presented. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis broadened the concept "discharge in leprosy", providing other meanings than the clinical definition of multidrug therapy.