Infrared spectroscopy for fast screening of diabetes and periodontitis.

SIGNIFICANCE: FT-IR is an important and emerging tool, providing information related to the biochemical composition of biofluids. It is important to demonstrate that there is an efficacy in separating healthy and diseased groups, helping to establish FT-IR uses as fast screening tool. AIM: Via saliva diagnosis evaluate the accuracy of FT-IR associate with machine learning model for classification among healthy (control group), diabetic (D) and periodontitis (P) patients and the association of both diseases (DP). APPROACH: Eighty patients diagnosed with diabetes and periodontitis through conventional methods were recruited and allocated in one of the four groups. Saliva samples were collected from participants of each group (n = 20) and were processed using Bruker Alpha II spectrometer in a FT-IR spectral fingerprint region between 600 and-1800 cm-1, followed by data preprocessing and analysis using machine learning tools. RESULTS: Various FTI-R peaks were detectable and attributed to specific vibrational modes, which were classified based on confusion matrices showed in paired groups. The highest true positive rates (TPR) appeared between groups C vs D (93.5 % ± 2.7 %), groups C vs. DP (89.2 % ± 4.1 %), and groups D and P (90.4 % ± 3.2 %). However, P vs DP presented higher TPR for DP (84.1 % ±3.1 %) while D vs. DP the highest rate for DP was 81.7 % ± 4.3 %. Analyzing all groups together, the TPR decreased. CONCLUSION: The system used is portable and robust and can be widely used in clinical environments and hospitals as a new diagnostic technique. Studies in our groups are being conducted to solidify and expand data analysis methods with friendly language for healthcare professionals. It was possible to classify healthy patients in a range of 78-93 % of accuracy. Range over 80 % of accuracy between periodontitis and diabetes were observed. A general classification model with lower TPR instead of a pairwise classification would only have advantages in scenarios where no prior patient information is available regarding diabetes and periodontitis status.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Analysis of Uric Acid and Hypoxanthine Analysis in Fractionated Bodily Fluids.

In recent years, the disease burden of hyperuricemia has been increasing, especially in high-income countries and the economically developing world with a Western lifestyle. Abnormal levels of uric acid and hypoxanthine are associated with many diseases, and therefore, to demonstrate improved methods of uric acid and hypoxanthine detection, three different bodily fluids were analysed using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gold nanostar suspensions were mixed with series dilutions of uric acid and hypoxanthine, 3 kDa centrifugally filtered human blood serum, urine and saliva. The results show that gold nanostars enable the quantitative detection of the concentration of uric acid and hypoxanthine in the range 5-50 µg/mL and 50-250 ng/mL, respectively. The peak areas of HPLC and maximum peak intensity of SERS have strongly correlated, notably with the peaks of uric acid and hypoxanthine at 1000 and 640 cm-1, respectively. The r2 is 0.975 and 0.959 for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. Each of the three body fluids has a number of spectral features in common with uric acid and hypoxanthine. The large overlap of the spectral bands of the SERS of uric acid against three body fluids at spectra peaks were at 442, 712, 802, 1000, 1086, 1206, 1343, 1436 and 1560 cm-1. The features at 560, 640, 803, 1206, 1290 and 1620 cm-1 from hypoxanthine were common to serum, saliva and urine. There is no statistical difference between HPLC and SERS for determination of the concentration of uric acid and hypoxanthine (p > 0.05). For clinical applications, 3 kDa centrifugal filtration followed by SERS can be used for uric acid and hypoxanthine screening is, which can be used to reveal the subtle abnormalities enhancing the great potential of vibrational spectroscopy as an analytical tool. Our work supports the hypnosis that it is possible to obtain the specific concentration of uric acid and hypoxanthine by comparing the SER signals of serum, saliva and urine. In the future, the analysis of other biofluids can be employed to detect biomarkers for the diagnosis of systemic pathologies.

FTIR spectroscopy as a point of care diagnostic tool for diabetes and periodontitis: A saliva analysis approach.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a general term for heterogeneous metabolic disorders whose main characteristic is chronic hyperglycemia. Considering that conventional diagnostic methods are currently unable of early DM detection and the number of diabetic patients has been increasing worldwide, there is a clinical need for novel diagnostic approaches. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy technique an alternative non-invasive diagnostic method for real-time evaluation of biofluids such as saliva. This study aims evaluate the feasibility of diagnosing diabetes and periodontitis through saliva samples based on their FT-IR spectra. Our first collection and spectral analysis of samples was a pilot study and comprised a total of 23 patients, 2 healthy, 9 with diabetes and 12 with diabetes and periodontitis. By using weighted KNN as classifier, we have obtained an area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of 0.92 and 0.95 when considering the diabetes or diabetes + periodontitis groups as positive groups, respectively.

Terapia periodontal de suporte em paciente com periodontite agressiva generalizada: acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico de 13 anos / Periodontal maintenance therapy in patient with generalized aggessive periodontitis: clinical and radiographic following by 13 years

A terapia periodontal de suporte (TPS) tem como objetivo principal a manutenção dos resultados obtidos durante o tratamento periodontal ativo, sendo a forma mais previsível de controlar a doença periodontal. Essa extensão do tratamento periodontal, pode ocorrer em intervalos de tempo que variam de acordo com a severidade da doença, condição sistêmica do indivíduo, idade, fatores de risco, entre outros. A TPS contribui para a redução da perda dentária e recorrência da doença periodontal, além de possibilitar o diagnóstico de outras doenças bucais. Durante essa etapa, é possível traçar o perfil do paciente, identificar suas dificuldades e estabelecer condutas educativas, preventivas e terapêuticas necessárias para o controle do biofilme e da doença periodontal. Assim, o periodontista deve conscientizar o paciente sobre a importância da TPS, sendo que, a adesão ao tratamento é fundamental para a manutenção da saúde dos tecidos periodontais a longo prazo. O presente relato de caso clínico, demonstra o sucesso da TPS em paciente jovem acometida por periodontite agressiva generalizada. Após a realização da terapia periodontal não cirúrgica, a paciente foi inserida em um programa de manutenção periodontal, há 13 anos atrás, no qual participa ativamente até o presente momento. (AU)

The main objective of the periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) is to maintain the results achieved during the active periodontal therapy, being the most predictable way of controlling the periodontal disease. This extension of the periodontal treatment may occur at different times, varying according to the aggressiveness of the disease, general health condition of the subject, age and risk factors, among others. The PMT contributes to the reduction of dental loss and prevents the reoccurrence of the periodontal disease, while also allowing the diagnose of other diseases of the mouth. During this phase it is possible to trace the patient's profile, identifying the difficulties and stablishing educational, preventive and therapeutic practices to control oral biofilm and periodontal disease. Thus, the periodontist must raise the patient's awareness to the importance of the PMT, as the patient compliance to the treatment is essential for the long term preservation of the periodontal tissue health. The clinical case here described demonstrates the success of the PMT performed on a young female patient afflicted with generalized aggressive periodontitis. After having performed the non-surgical periodontal therapy, the patient entered a periodontal maintenance program 13 years ago, in which she has been actively participating until the present time.(AU)

Análise de queilite actínica por espectroscopia micro FT-IR / Analysis of actinic cheilitis by micro spectroscopy FT-IR

A queilite actínica (QA) é uma lesão considerada potencialmente cancerizável, localizada principalmente em lábio inferior e causada pela exposição crônica à radiação UV. A Espectroscopia FT-IR fornece informações moleculares através de fenômenos ópticos observado pela vibração de suas moléculas. Tem sido empregada em estudos biológicos para a caracterização de alterações neoplásicas. No entanto, são escassos os estudos que envolvam processos potencialmente cancerizáveis. Objetivou-se avaliar Q As através da espectroscopia micro FT-IR com relação aos seus aspectos moleculares para região de finger print (900-1800 cm-1) e altos números de onda (2800-3600 cm-1), e ainda verificar a análise dos componentes principais (PCA) e regressão logística binária (RLB) como modelo de diagnóstico. Foram avaliadas 14 amostras de QA e14 amostras de mucosas normal (MN), obtendo-se 5 espectros por amostra, totalizando 140 espectros avaliados (70 de cada grupo). Os resultados demonstrados pela análise dos componentes principais revelaram pelo gráfico de scree plot que os dez primeiros PCs deveriam ser utilizados na análise. As maiores variações observadas pelo gráfico de loading plot relacionaram-se aos modos vibracionais do colágeno, ácidos nucléicos, lipídios e água confinada. O modelode regressão logística binária mostrou 80,6% de pares concordantes para região de finger print e 81,7% de pares concordantes para a região de altos números de onda. Concluiu-se que a espectroscopia micro FT-IR provê características moleculares importantes das19 amostras de QA, evidenciadas tanto na região de finger print como na de altos números de onda.

Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially precancerous lesion, located primarily in lower lip caused by chronic exposure to UV radiation.The FT-IR spectroscopy provides molecular information through optical properties observed by the vibration of its molecules. This technique has been used in biological studies for characterization of neoplastic tissues. However, there are few studies involving potentially cancerous processes. This study aimed to evaluate molecular changes on AC through micro FT-IR spectroscopy infinger print (900-1800 cm-1) and high wave numbers (2800-3600 cm-1) region, and also to verify the principal components analysis (PCA)and binary logistic regression (BLR) as a model of diagnosis. We evaluated 14 samples of AC and 14 samples of normal mucosa (NM),resulting in 5 spectra per sample, totalling 140 spectra analyzed (70from each group). The results demonstrated by PCA revealed byscree plot graph showed that the first ten principal components(PCs) should be used in the analysis. The largest variations observedby loading graph plot related to the vibrational modes of collagen,nucleic acids, lipids and confined water. The BLR model showed80.6% of concordant pairs for the finger print region and 81.7% of concordant pairs of high wave numbers region. It was concluded that the micro FT-IR spectroscopy provides important molecular features of AC samples, evidenced both in the finger print and in thehigh wave numbers region.

Papiloma escamoso bucal e condiloma acuminado: relato de caso clínico / Oral squamous papilloma and condyloma accuminattum: a case report

Objetivos: O presente artigo relata um caso clínico de papiloma em ventre lingual associado à história pregressa de condiloma acuminado em região peniana. Materiais e métodos: Paciente do gênero masculino, leucoderma, 28 anos, foi encaminhado à clínica de Propedêutica Estomatológica. O paciente relatou queixa de "condiloma bucal" (sic). O mesmo informou que havia notado uma "bolinha na base da língua" e que havia cauterizado uma lesão peniana há sete meses, com diagnóstico de condiloma acuminado. Ao exame clínico intrabucal notou-se lesão nodular pediculada, papilomatosa, assintomática, de coloração semelhante à mucosa adjacente, localizada em região de freio lingual, medindo aproximadamente 0,5 cm no maior diâmetro. Foi realizada biópsia excisional e o material enviado para exame histopatológico. Resultados: O exame histológico mostrou lesão proliferativa epitelial benigna, constituída por numerosas projeções papíliferas revestidas por epitélio pavimentoso estratificado, que mostrava áreas de espessura aumentada, exibindo várias células com vacuolização citoplasmática, halos perinucleares e/ou aspecto coilocitótico, recebendo diagnóstico de papiloma escamoso. Conclusão: No caso clínico relatado, o papiloma escamoso bucal sugere inter-relação com a história pregressa de condiloma acuminado em região peniana do paciente. Cabe ao cirurgião dentista minuciosa observação clínica e atenta anamnese visando favorecer o diagnóstico, o tratamento, a orientação, e o esclarecimento ao paciente quanto aos riscos e as medidas profiláticas a serem tomadas.

Objectives: This article reports a case of oral papilloma in the ventral tongue associated to previous penile Condyloma acuminatum. Materiais and methods: A white male, 28 years old, was referred to the Propaedeutic Stomatology University Clinic claiming of a nodule at the base of the tongue. He had a penile lesion removed seven months before, with diagnosis of Condyloma acuminatum. Clinical exarnination showed a 0.5 cm intraoral pedunculated nodular papillomatous asymptomatic lesion, located in the tongue frenulum. Excisional biopsy was performed. Results: Histological examination showed a benign epithelial proliferative lesion, presenting numerous long papillary projections with thinned extremities, lined by stratified epithelium, with areas of increased thickness and severa I coilocytotic cells characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization and perinuclear halos, receiving the diagnosis of squamous papilloma. Conclusion: The oral squamous papilloma, in this case, suggests inter-relationship with the penile Condyloma acuminatum. Dental professionals must be able to make a good clinical examination and anamnesis in order to promote the patients diagnosis, treatment and orientation about the risks and prophylactic measures regarding this lesion.

Rational use of antimicrobials in dentistry during pregnancy.

The use of medicines during pregnancy deserves special attention from dentists due to the potential risks to fetal development. The prescription of antimicrobial drugs during this period must be based not only on the etiology of the disease but also on the drug's effect on the embryo, which may be toxic, possibly leading to irreversible lesions. Interest in studies of the teratogenic effects of drugs increased in response to reports of the high incidence of phocomelia in patients treated with thalidomide. Although teratogenicity has long been known, pregnant women today are still exposed to this risk. The effects of drugs depend on the level of susceptibility of the fetus and on the period of exposure during pregnancy. In this context, and considering the paucity of studies on this subject in dentistry, the aim of this review was to offer an up-to-date compilation of data on the antimicrobial drugs most frequently used during pregnancy and the effects of their use.

Utilização do PRP em cirurgia de elevação de assoalho de seio maxilar: relato de caso / Using PRP in sinus lifting: a case report

A elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar é uma técnica cirúrgica para reposição óssea em região de molares superiores onde houve perda dentária e subsequente pneumatização sinusal. Para evitar a necessidade de um enxerto ósseo autógeno, o PRP asociado a substitutos ósseos tem se tornado uma grande alternativa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar um caso clínico de elevação do assoalho do seio maxilar e preenchimento do PRP adicionado a uma mistura de hidroxiapatita sintética e osso alógeno humano liofilizado e desmineralizado.

The sinus lifting is one surgical technique for bone replacement in region of molar superirs where it had dental loss and subsequet bone loss. To avoid the necessity of autologous bone grafting, the associated of PR and bone substitutes has become a great alternative. The objective of the present study was to tell a clinical case of sinus lifting fulfilling with PRP added to a mixture of sythetic hidroxiapatia and DFDBA.

Tempo de descalcificação e preservação do núcleo celular de tecido mineralizado descalcificado com ácido nítrico a 5%, edta a 7% e Biodec - R / Time of decalcification and preservation of the cellular nucleus of the desmineralized tissue decalcified by nitric acid 5%, EDTA 7% and Biodec - R

Este estudo avaliou o tempo de descalcificação e a preservação dos núcleos celulares de tecido mineralizado de mandíbulas de ratos utilizando três soluções descalcificadoras (EDTA 7%, ácido nítrico 5% e Biodec-R). As mandíbulas de 15 ratos Wistar foram removidas e dissecadas obtendo-se dois blocos mandibulares de cada animal, posteriormente divididos em três grupos. Para a descalcificação dos espécimes do grupo A foi utilizado com o EDTA 7%, do grupo B e ácido nítrico 5% e do grupo C a solução Biodec-R, sendo registrados os tempos de descalcificação. Posteriormente, as peças foram processadas de acordo com protocolo histológico de rotina, sendo obtidos quatro cortes seriados que foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina para observação em microscopia de luz. Para avaliar a preservação dos núcleos celulares foram considerados quatro campos, selecionados aleatoriamente, adotando-se o escore: 0 – baixa preservação (de 0% e 20% das células com núcleo preservado); 1 – moderada preservação (de 20% e 50% das células com núcleo preservado); 2 – alta preservação (acima de 50% das células com núcleo preservado). A solução que descalcificou as peças em menor período de tempo foi o ácido nítrico (nove dias), seguida pela Solução Biodec-R (12dias) e EDTA (135 dias). Moderada preservação dos núcleos celulares foi evidenciada nos espécimes dos grupos B e C e alta preservação nos grupo A. Embora a solução de EDTA a 7% tenha sido a que necessitou de maior período de tempo para promover a descalcificação (135 dias), foi a mais eficaz na preservação dos núcleos celulares.