Promoting Spiritual Coping of Family Caregivers of an Adult Relative with Severe Mental Illness: Development and Test of a Nursing Intervention.

Severe mental illness disrupts daily functioning, burdening family caregivers, who often adopt spiritual coping strategies. With comprehensive skills, mental health nurses can promote well-being and mental health. The aim is to develop and test the nursing intervention "promoting spiritual coping" in the family caregivers of home-dwelling people with mental illness. This study was conducted in two distinct stages. Initially, the intervention was developed according to the first phase of the Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions. Secondly, the intervention protocol was tested in a mixed-method pilot study. An intervention protocol was developed and tested on ten family caregivers. The intervention comprised three sessions, and before-and-after assessments were conducted. Significant improvements were observed in the outcomes, with caregivers expressing that discussing spirituality and religiosity benefited them. This intervention prioritized the therapeutic relationship of the nurses and family caregivers. The intervention "promoting spiritual coping" was created and evaluated as a suitable approach for mental health nurses to use in a psychotherapeutic context with family caregivers of individuals with mental illness.

Insights on spirituality and bereavement: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

AIM: To describe a synthesis of the experience related to the spirituality of those living a bereavement journey in primary qualitative studies. DESIGN: A systematic review of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCE: A systematic review was carried out in March 2019 and was updated in January 2023. Searching was accomplished by an online database, such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, MedicLatina, LILACS, SciELO and Academic Search Complete. The search strategy did not consider a timeline as an eligibility criterion. The quality of the studies was assessed, and a thematic synthesis was performed in this review. METHODS: A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted according to Saini and Shlonsky's methodology. REPORTING METHOD: PRISMA checklist. RESULTS: The review included 33 articles. Most of the studies were phenomenological and focused on parents' and family experiences of bereavement. Seven significant categories emerged, which match unmet spiritual needs during the grieving process. Two major categories were identified regarding the role of spirituality in bereavement: Spirituality as a process and spirituality as an outcome. CONCLUSION: In clinical practice, attention to spirituality and providing spiritual care is critical to guarantee a holistic approach for those experiencing bereavement. IMPLICATIONS: The findings of our study could foster awareness that healthcare professionals should include the spiritual dimension in their clinical practice to provide holistic care to individuals, enhancing the healing process in bereavement. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This is a systematic review.

Instruments for Assessing Spiritual/Religious Coping in Multicultural Clinical Settings.

ABSTRACT: A review of literature was conducted to discover and compare various instruments that could be used in daily nursing practice to assess spiritual and religious coping in a variety of multicultural clinical settings. Fifteen spiritual and religious (S/R) instruments were identified, used in 31 studies in multiple countries. These S/R coping tools may be useful to nurses in assessment and for planning interventions.

Mapping Complex Interventions in Portuguese Healthcare Research: A Scoping Review Protocol.

Along with the worldwide recognition of the importance of the methodological guidance to the validity and rigour of complex health interventions, this scoping review aims to identify and characterise the scientific evidence on complex health interventions in Portuguese healthcare research. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for scoping reviews will be followed. The population (P) concept (C) context (C) mnemonic will scaffold the research questions, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and searching strategy. MEDLINE, CINAHL, LILACS, and Open Access Scientific Repository of Portugal (RCAAP) will be searched. Scientific evidence reporting complex health interventions in the Portuguese healthcare context, in Portuguese and English and published from 2008 and onwards will be considered for inclusion. Literature pertaining to complex health interventions outside the Portuguese healthcare context will be excluded. The literature will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers first by title and abstract and subsequently by full-text. A data matrix will be used for data-extraction of the included literature. The charted data will be thematically analysed and presented graphically with a narrative description of the literature characteristics. The results from this literature review are expected to provide an overview of the knowledge concerning the characteristics and methodological guidance of Portuguese complex health interventions.

Spiritual aspects of the family caregivers' experiences when caring for a community-dwelling adult with severe mental illness: A systematic review of qualitative evidence.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Being a caregiver of a relative with severe mental illness often impacts the quality of life, physical and mental health. The use of coping strategies related to spirituality can enhance physical and mental well-being. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This review found 26 primary studies that refer to spiritual aspects of the experience of caring for a relative with mental health problems. Caregivers express spiritual needs, such as hope and finding meaning in life, and spiritual or religious practices that help to cope with stressful situations. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: Spiritual needs and spiritual coping strategies of family caregivers of a relative with severe mental illness should be included in mental health nursing care. A spiritually sensitive approach should be used when promoting coping strategies of the family caregivers of a relative with severe mental illness. ABSTRACT: Introduction Deinstitutionalization of individuals with severe mental illness transferred the responsibility of care to the relatives who need to adapt their personal life. Caregivers often develop coping strategies which involve the relationship with oneself, others, or the transcendent/God or nature and may include religious/spiritual practices. Question/Aim This review aims to identify the spiritual aspects of the family caregivers' experiences when caring for a community-dwelling adult with severe mental illness. Method The review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Search was conducted in March 2019, updated in August 2020, limited to English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results A total of 26 studies were included. Two synthesized findings emerged: spiritual coping strategies are used by family caregivers; spiritual needs are expressed by family caregivers. The findings are based on the experiences of 467 caregivers, from 14 countries. Discussion In stressful times, family caregivers question the meaning in life and acknowledge hopelessness. To cope, caregivers mention a turn to the sacred and the use of spiritual/religious practices. Implications for practice Spirituality should be considered according to caregivers' individual beliefs and needs, as may represent important resources for the sense of meaning and overall well-being.

The therapeutic dimension of research about spirituality: Particularities of cancer, mental health and infertility.

Healthcare is moving from a biomedical paradigm into a holistic paradigm, which includes all dimensions and needs of patients and families. Health conditions may trigger a spiritual journey for believers or non-believers bringing to light the nature of the human being and its vulnerable condition. Healthcare professionals are full participants in this life and health scenario and have an unquestionable duty related to the provision of spiritual care, on the basis of legislation, ethical codes, and on research evidence. Researchers are seizing better and broader knowledge about spirituality in healthcare, and research about this phenomenon is growing internationally. But, spirituality is considered complex, an area of intimacy and deep subjective meaning. These factors may raise some ethical concerns when submitting research projects to the ethics committees. In this paper, the authors share their experience in research about spirituality in the beginning of life issues/infertility and with adults with severe health conditions, and describe participants' perspectives on research engagement.

Spiritual aspects of the family caregivers' experiences when caring for a community-dwelling adult with severe mental illness: a qualitative systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION: What are the spiritual aspects of family caregivers' experiences when caring for a community-dwelling adult with severe mental illness?

"Call for the Use of Axial Terms": Toward Completeness of NANDA-I Nursing Diagnoses Labels.

PURPOSE: This article explores the current structure of NANDA-I nursing diagnoses (ND) labels. METHODS: Critical analysis of the ND labels, as categorized in the NANDA-I terminology. FINDINGS: Most of the 244 ND labels are composed of terms from the focus and judgment axes. CONCLUSIONS: The specificity of the human responses toward health and life transitions may not be totally represented in the two most common axes, as categorized within taxonomy II. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Improvements in NANDA-I diagnosis labels would contribute to an advanced terminology and to increased specificity and accuracy of the diagnostic process that is needed in clinical practice. Completeness of the ND labels would reflect clinical reasoning preciseness and help students and nurses in delivering more personalized, safe, and effective patient-centered care. OBJETIVO: Este artigo explora os títulos dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I. MÉTODOS: Análise crítica dos títulos dos diagnósticos de enfermagem da NANDA-I. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos 244 diagnósticos de enfermagem classificados são compostos essencialmente por termos referentes ao foco e ao julgamento. CONCLUSÕES: A especificidade das respostas às transições de saúde e vida pode não estar totalmente representada nos dois eixos mais comuns, como apresentado na taxonomia II. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA: Melhorias nos diagnósticos da NANDA-I em relação ao seu aspeto multiaxial contribuiriam no desenvolvimento da sua terminologia e poderiam melhorar a especificidade e acurácia do processo diagnóstico que é necessário à prática clínica. Complementar os títulos dos diagnósticos de enfermagem poderia refletir a acurácia do raciocínio clínico e ajudar os estudantes e enfermeiros em prestarem cuidados centrados no paciente mais personalizados, seguros e eficazes.

Eficácia das intervenções de enfermagem na sobrecarga da família da pessoa com esquizofrenia: revisão de literatura / Effectiveness of nursing interventions on family overload of people with schizophrenia: literature review

Introdução: A esquizofrenia é uma perturbação mental grave que por estar associada a incapacidades tem impacto na vida das pessoase dos seus familiares que, frequentemente, assumem o papel de cuidadores informais. Embora a evidência científi ca seja ainda limitada,cuidar de um familiar com doença mental parece promover a sobrecarga do cuidador. As intervenções familiares podem ajudar a reduzira sobrecarga do cuidador na fase aguda da doença e interessa conhecer a efi cácia das intervenções do enfermeiro especialista em saúdemental nesse contexto. Objetivo: Identifi car a efi cácia das intervenções do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental,na sobrecarga da família da pessoa com esquizofrenia internada em serviço de agudos, quando comparada com as intervenções dosenfermeiros generalistas. Material e Método: Revisão de literatura baseada em pesquisa de artigos na plataforma EBSCOhost - ResearchDatabases, nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa, publicados entre 2000 e 2016. Resultados: Estimou-se a efi cácia da intervenção familiarna diminuição da sobrecarga objetiva e subjetiva dos familiares da pessoa com esquizofrenia, realizada por enfermeiros especialistas emsaúde mental, quando comparadas com intervenções por enfermeiros não especialistas. A intervenção familiar mostra-se uma estratégiaefi caz para a diminuição da sobrecarga do cuidador da pessoa com esquizofrenia. Conclusão: A intervenção com foco na família deveincluir uma abordagem educativa e de suporte.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder which, due to its association to disabilities, has an impact on the life of thepatients and on their relatives as well, who often take on the role of informal caregivers. Although the scientifi c evidence is still limited,caring for a relative with mental disorders can lead to caregiver overload. Family interventions can help in reducing caregiver overloadin the acute phase of the disease and it is of interest to know the effectiveness of the interventions of the Mental Health SpecialistNurse in this context. Objective: To identify the effectiveness of Mental Health Specialist Nurse interventions on overloaded family ofthe patient with schizophrenia, hospitalized in acute service, when compared with the intervention of generalist nurses. Material andMethods: Literature review, based on articles research in EBSCOhost - Research Databases platform, in English and Portuguese, publishedbetween 2000 and 2016. Results: We estimated the effectiveness of family intervention in reducing the objective and subjective overloadof relatives of patients with schizophrenia when performed by mental health specialist nurses when compared with interventions by notspecialist nurses. Family intervention appeared as a relevant strategy for overload reduction of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia.Conclusion: The family focused intervention should include an educational and supportive approach.

Introducción: La esquizofrenia es un trastorno mental grave que puede conducir a una discapacidad y tiene un impacto en la vidade la persona con esquizofrenia y sus familiares que a menudo asumen el papel de los cuidadores no profesionales. El cuidado deuna persona con esquizofrenia puede dar lugar a la carga del cuidador. Aunque la evidencia científi ca es limitada, las intervencionesfamiliares parecen ayudar a reducir la sobrecarga en la fase aguda de la enfermedad y se necesita más conocimiento sobre la efectividadde las intervenciones de la enfermería en Salud Mental, en este contexto. Objetivo: Identifi car la efectividad de las intervenciones delenfermero en Salud Mental en la sobrecarga del familiar cuidador de la persona con esquizofrenia hospitalizada en un servicio de agudos,en comparación con el cuidado por el enfermero no especializado. Material y Método: Revisión de la literatura basada en artículos deinvestigación en la plataforma EBSCOhost - Research Databases, en inglés y portugués, publicados entre 2000 y 2016. Resultados: Seestima la efi cacia de la intervención familiar en la reducción de la carga objetiva y subjetiva del familiar que cuida de la persona conesquizofrenia realizada por enfermeros especializados en salud mental, en comparación con las intervenciones de los enfermeros noespecialistas. La intervención familiar se asume como una intervención efectiva en la carga del cuidad...