Victim and Perpetrator Acknowledgement of Intimate Partner Violence and Victim Psychopathology.

The present study assesses differences between acknowledged and unacknowledged victims in post-victimization psychopathology, abuse disability and coping. Few studies have examined abuse acknowledgment among intimate partner violence (IPV) victims. To our knowledge, this study is the first to use an experimental manipulation to assess changes in acknowledgment among IPV victims. Female undergraduate students currently in dating relationships completed demographic, coping and psychopathology questionnaires, and the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS). They then watched a video of an IPV perpetrator who either acknowledged abuse or did not acknowledge abuse. Following the video, participants completed a psychopathology questionnaire and a post-video acknowledgment assessment. Approximately 38% of the sample reported IPV victimization. Only 7.89% acknowledged victimization. Acknowledged IPV victims had the highest mean victimization score but reported psychopathology similar to nonvictims on all subscales except phobic anxiety. Unacknowledged victims reported greater psychopathology, depression, anxiety, and hostility than nonvictims and were more symptomatic overall. Unacknowledged victims reported more frequent use of avoidant coping strategies than nonvictims. These strategies included substance use, self-blame, and behavioral disengagement. Acknowledged and unacknowledged victims reported greater abuse disability than nonvictims, and acknowledged victims reported greater life restriction than unacknowledged victims. Following the video, the number of acknowledged victims nearly doubled, and acknowledged victims reported increased depression. On the basis of these findings, clinicians and researchers should carefully consider acknowledgment as a potential factor in post-victimization mental health and explore ways to increases victim acknowledgment.

Environmental Factors Affecting Rural Physical Activity Behaviors: Learning from Community Partners.

BACKGROUND: Rural environments present many barriers to regular physical activity (PA), and residents who live in these communities are at higher risk for a variety of health issues. OBJECTIVES: We used community-based participatory research (CBPR) to guide the development of project interventions and enhance partnerships within the communities. METHODS: University-community partnerships, including Extension professionals, were used to gather data from twenty key informants in two West Virginia counties. RESULTS: Respondents identified "places" as both barriers (lack of access or quality) and assets in their communities. "Community culture" was identified as a significant barrier. Solutions that emerged from the data include "new/enhanced places" or "events/programs". CONCLUSIONS: These data supported the notion that there are unique social, cultural, and environmental factors affecting rural PA behavior. These interviews also contributed to increased capacity for local engagement and reinforced the need for community member leadership in the larger project.