Quality of Life is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study from the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA).

AIM: Patients with Heart Failure (HF) commonly have poor quality of life (QoL), secondary to the persistence and severity of HF symptoms. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of QoL measures on all-cause mortality in patients with HF from the Colombian registry of heart failure (RECOLFACA). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed data from patients registered in RECOLFACA during 2017-2019. QoL was measured using the EuroQol-5D questionnaire (EQ-5D). From the questionnaire, two independent predictors of mortality were obtained, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the utility score (US). Primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary variables evaluated were demographic factors, comorbidities, NYHA classification, medications used and laboratory test results. To analyze survival among patients, the Kaplan-Meier method and the hierarchical Cox proportional-hazards regression model were used. This study included 2514 patients from RECOLFACA. Most patients were male (57.6%), and mean age was 67.8 years. Mean value and standard deviation (SD) of the VAS score was 78.8 ± 20.1 points, while the mean and SD of the US score was 0.81 ± 0.20. As the Kaplan-Meier curve illustrated, patients in the lower quartiles of both VAS and US scores had a significantly higher probability of mortality (log-rank test: p<0.001 for both scores). CONCLUSION: QoL, as calculated by the EQ-5D questionnaire, served as an independent predictor of mortality in patients from RECOLFACA. Further studies may be needed to evaluate whether provision of optimizing therapies and follow-up care based on patients' perceived QoL reduces short- and long-term mortality rates in this population.

In vivo movement of retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR) towards cytoplasm during mitosis in Arabidopsisthaliana.

Retinoblastoma protein is central in signaling networks of fundamental cell decisions such as proliferation and differentiation in all metazoans and cancer development. Immunostaining and biochemical evidence demonstrated that during interphase retinoblastoma protein is in the nucleus and is hypophosphorylated, and during mitosis is in the cytoplasm and is hyperphosphorylated. The purpose of this study was to visualize in vivo in a non-diseased tissue, the dynamic spatial and temporal nuclear exit toward the cytoplasm of this protein during mitosis and its return to the nucleus to obtain insights into its potential cytosolic functions. Using high-resolution time-lapse images from confocal microscopy, we tracked in vivo the ortholog in plants the RETINOBLASTOMA RELATED (RBR) protein tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Arabidopsis thaliana's root. RBR protein exits from dense aggregates in the nucleus before chromosomes are in prophase in less than 2 min, spreading outwards as smaller particles projected throughout the cytosol during mitosis like a diffusive yet controlled event until telophase, when the daughter's nuclei form; RBR returns to the nuclei in coordination with decondensing chromosomal DNA forming new aggregates again in punctuated larger structures in each corresponding nuclei. We propose RBR diffused particles in the cytoplasm may function as a cytosolic sensor of incoming signals, thus coordinating re-aggregation with DNA is a mechanism by which any new incoming signals encountered by RBR may lead to a reconfiguration of the nuclear transcriptomic context. The small RBR diffused particles in the cytoplasm may preserve topologic-like properties allowing them to aggregate and restore their nuclear location, they may also be part of transient cytoplasmic storage of the cellular pre-mitotic transcriptional context, that once inside the nuclei may execute both the pre mitosis transcriptional context as well as new transcriptional instructions.

AHP algorithm used to select suitable abandoned underground mines for energy storage infrastructure - iCAES technology. A specific case study for León (Spain).

In the energy transition, the promotion of renewable sources entails the development of storage technologies to manage the mismatch between energy production and demand. In this scenario, the use of CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) technology enables the efficient and cost-effective storage of large amounts of energy. However, this technology is developed in salt domes who have an inherent risk associated of underground exploration phase. To address this, we propose to develop an infrastructure (iCAES) in abandoned underground mines, where the exploration phase is completed and well known. For its implementation, this paper defines a structure hierarchization method gathers the technical and socio-economic criteria. It involves a multi-criteria problem, and the correct selection of the location must be based on specific mathematical algorithms. For this case the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) from multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods allows quantified by means of a scientific and mathematical scale and the assignment of weights, so that it is possible to evaluate different alternatives. This is possible thanks to the application of the AHP model in absolute terms. The information gathering has been based on the specific case study of coal basins in the north of Spain, in the region of León. Considering the proposed methodology, the most suitable alternative locations to implement iCAES in the region of León were identified.

Study of the oxidation process of bismuth nanoparticles using NaClO.

Bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) colloids synthesized in deionized water by laser ablation of solids in liquids technique (LASL) were oxidized using NaClO solutions at different concentrations. Oxidized nanomaterials were characterized using several techniques. The crystalline phases of the bismuth compound were determined using Raman microspectroscopy, and the crystallographic structure was identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The size and morphology of the obtained nanomaterials were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical states were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the optical properties of the colloids were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. The absorption spectra were analyzed using the Tauc method to determine the band gaps of the obtained nanomaterials. Our results showed morphological changes, starting from small nanoparticles to nanosheets and a mixture of nanosheets with hollow nanoparticles. Two kinds of nanomaterials were found depending on the NaClO solution concentration: Bi2O2CO3single phase and a mixture ofδ-Bi2O3and Bi2O2CO3. Some samples were tested as photocatalysts and showed good performance in the degradation of methylene blue in solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the oxidation process of bismuth colloidal nanoparticles at room temperature.

The regulatory landscape of retinoblastoma: a pathway analysis perspective.

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare intraocular tumour in early childhood, with an approximate incidence of 1 in 18 000 live births. Experimental studies for Rb are complex due to the challenges associated with obtaining a normal retina to contrast with diseased tissue. In this work, we reanalyse a dataset that contains normal retina samples. We identified the individual genes whose expression is different in Rb in contrast with normal tissue, determined the pathways whose global expression pattern is more distant from the global expression observed in normal tissue, and finally, we identified which transcription factors regulate the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proposed as transcriptional master regulators (TMRs). The enrichment of DEGs in the phototransduction and retrograde endocannabinoid signalling pathways could be associated with abnormal behaviour of the processes leading to cellular differentiation and cellular proliferation. On the other hand, the TMRs nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma are involved in hepatocyte differentiation. Therefore, the enrichment of aberrant expression in these transcription factors could suggest an abnormal retina development that could be involved in Rb origin and progression.

COVID-19, pandemia y acúfeno / COVID-19, pandemic and tinnitus

El acúfeno es un síntoma que puede presentarse aislado o en diferentes patologías. Se describe como la percepción de un sonido o percepción auditiva fantasma no producida por una vibración o estímulo acústico externo, que es inaudible para el entorno. La COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, es una enfermedad que ha mostrado diversidad en su expresión, severidad, síntomas y secuelas. El acúfeno es una condición relacionada con el sistema auditivo que ha sido estudiada durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y se ha podido observar un incremento en la incidencia y/o exacerbación de la percepción de este síntoma, en donde se involucran múltiples factores que se vuelven importantes de considerar.

Tinnitus is a symptom that can occur in isolation or in different pathologies. It is described as the perception of a sound, or as a phantom auditory perception that is not produced by a vibration or external acoustic stimulus, which is inaudible to the environment. COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a disease that has shown diversity in its expression, severity, symptoms and sequelae. Tinnitus is a condition related to the auditory system that has been studied during the COVID-19 pandemic, and an increase in the incidence and/or exacerbation of the perception of this symptom has been observed, involving multiple factors that become important to consider.

Sunlight exposure in infancy decreases risk of sporadic retinoblastoma, extent of intraocular disease.

BACKGROUND: Prior ecologic studies suggest that UV exposure through sunlight to the retina might contribute to increased retinoblastoma incidence. AIMS: Our study objectives were (1) to examine the relationship between exposure to sunlight during postnatal retinal development (prior to diagnosis of sporadic disease) and the risk of retinoblastoma, and (2) to examine the relationship between sun exposure during postnatal retinal development, and the extent of disease among children with unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: We interviewed 511 mothers in the EpiRbMx case-control study about their child's exposure to sunlight during postnatal retinal cell division by examining three time periods prior to Rtb diagnosis coinciding with developmental stages in which outdoor activities vary. Weekly sun exposure was compared by age period, between unilateral (n = 259), bilateral (n = 120), and control (n = 132) children, accounting for two factors affecting UV exposure: residential elevation and reported use of coverings to shield eyes. For cases, association between sunlight exposure and clinical stage was examined by laterality at each age period. After adjusting for maternal education and elevation, sun exposure was lower in cases than controls in all three age periods especially during the first 6 months, and in children 12-23 months whose mothers did not cover their eyes when outdoors. In children diagnosed after 12 months of age, sun exposure during the second year of life (age 12-23 months) appeared inversely correlated (r = -0.25) with more advanced intraocular disease in bilateral Rtb children after adjusting for maternal education, residential elevation, and age of diagnosis (p < .09) consistent with effects of Vitamin D exposure on intraocular spread in earlier transgenic murine models of retinoblastoma, and suggesting potential chemopreventive strategies. CONCLUSION: Sun exposure in early childhood is protective for retinoblastoma and may decrease degree of intraocular spread in children with bilateral Rtb.

Discovery of a transcriptomic core of genes shared in 8 primary retinoblastoma with a novel detection score analysis.

PURPOSE: Expression microarrays are powerful technology that allows large-scale analysis of RNA profiles in a tissue; these platforms include underexploited detection scores outputs. We developed an algorithm using the detection score, to generate a detection profile of shared elements in retinoblastoma as well as to determine its transcriptomic size and structure. METHODS: We analyzed eight briefly cultured primary retinoblastomas with the Human transcriptome array 2.0 (HTA2.0). Transcripts and genes detection scores were determined using the Detection Above Background algorithm (DABG). We used unsupervised and supervised computational tools to analyze detected and undetected elements; WebGestalt was used to explore functions encoded by genes in relevant clusters and performed experimental validation. RESULTS: We found a core cluster with 7,513 genes detected and shared by all samples, 4,321 genes in a cluster that was commonly absent, and 7,681 genes variably detected across the samples accounting for tumor heterogeneity. Relevant pathways identified in the core cluster relate to cell cycle, RNA transport, and DNA replication. We performed a kinome analysis of the core cluster and found 4 potential therapeutic kinase targets. Through analysis of the variably detected genes, we discovered 123 differentially expressed transcripts between bilateral and unilateral cases. CONCLUSIONS: This novel analytical approach allowed determining the retinoblastoma transcriptomic size, a shared active transcriptomic core among the samples, potential therapeutic target kinases shared by all samples, transcripts related to inter tumor heterogeneity, and to determine transcriptomic profiles without the need of control tissues. This approach is useful to analyze other cancer or tissue types.

Circulating miRNome detection analysis reveals 537 miRNAS in plasma, 625 in extracellular vesicles and a discriminant plasma signature of 19 miRNAs in children with retinoblastoma from which 14 are also detected in corresponding primary tumors.

miRNAs regulate post-transcriptional gene expression in metazoans, and thus are involved in many fundamental cellular biological processes. Extracellular miRNAs are also found in most human biofluids including plasma. These circulating miRNAs constitute a long distance inter cellular communication system and are potentially useful biomarkers. High throughput technologies like microarrays are able to scan a complete miRNome providing useful detection scores that are underexplored. We proposed to answer how many and which miRNAs are detectable in plasma or extracellular vesicles as these questions have not yet been answered. We set out to address this knowledge gap by analyzing the mirRNome in plasma and corresponding extracellular vesicles (EVs) from 12 children affected by retinoblastoma (Rb) a childhood intraocular malignant tumor, as well as from 12 healthy similarly aged controls. We calculated an average of 537 detectable miRNAs in plasma and 625 in EVs. The most miRNA enriched compartment were EVs from Rb cases with an average of 656 detectable elements. Using hierarchical clustering with the detection scores, we generated broad detection mirnome maps and identified a plasma signature of 19 miRNAs present in all Rb cases that is able to discriminate cases from controls. An additional 9 miRNAs were detected in all the samples; within this group, miRNA-5787 and miRNA-6732-5p were highly abundant and displayed very low variance across all the samples, suggesting both are good candidates to serve as plasma references or normalizers. Further exploration considering participant's sex, allowed discovering 5 miRNAs which corresponded only to females and 4 miRNAs corresponding only to males. Target and pathway analysis of these miRNAs revealed hormonal function including estrogen, thyroid signaling pathways and testosterone biosynthesis. This approach allows a comprehensive unbiased survey of a circulating miRNome landscape, creating the possibility to define normality in mirnomic profiles, and to locate where in these miRNome profiles promising and potentially useful circulating miRNA signatures can be found.

Eag1 Gene and Protein Expression in Human Retinoblastoma Tumors and its Regulation by pRb in HeLa Cells.

Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric intraocular malignant tumor. Unfortunately, low cure rates and low life expectancy are observed in low-income countries. Thus, alternative therapies are needed for patients who do not respond to current treatments or those with advanced cases of the disease. Ether à-go-go-1 (Eag1) is a voltage-gated potassium channel involved in cancer. Eag1 expression is upregulated by the human papilloma virus (HPV) oncogene E7, suggesting that retinoblastoma protein (pRb) may regulate Eag1. Astemizole is an antihistamine that is suggested to be repurposed for cancer treatment; it targets proteins implicated in cancer, including histamine receptors, ATP binding cassette transporters, and Eag channels. Here, we investigated Eag1 regulation using pRb and Eag1 expression in human retinoblastoma. The effect of astemizole on the cell proliferation of primary human retinoblastoma cultures was also studied. HeLa cervical cancer cells (HPV-positive and expressing Eag1) were transfected with RB1. Eag1 mRNA expression was studied using qPCR, and protein expression was assessed using western blotting and immunochemistry. Cell proliferation was evaluated with an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. RB1 transfection down-regulated Eag1 mRNA and protein expression. The human retinoblastoma samples displayed heterogeneous Eag1 mRNA and protein expression. Astemizole decreased cell proliferation in primary retinoblastoma cultures. Our results suggest that Eag1 mRNA and protein expression was regulated by pRb in vitro, and that human retinoblastoma tissues had heterogeneous Eag1 mRNA and protein expression. Furthermore, our results propose that the multitarget drug astemizole may have clinical relevance in patients with retinoblastoma, for instance, in those who do not respond to current treatments.

Fortification of bakery and corn masa-based foods in Mexico and dietary intake of folic acid and folate in Mexican national survey data.

BACKGROUND: In Mexico, wheat and corn flour fortification with folic acid (FA) was implemented in 2001 and mandated in 2008, but without direct enforcement. Current Mexican nutrient-content tables do not account for FA contained in bakery bread and corn masa-based foods, which are dietary staples in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of FA fortification of dietary staples on the proportion of the population consuming below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for folate or above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for FA. METHODS: We measured FA and folate content in dietary staples (bakery bread and tortillas) using microbial assays and MS, and we recalculated FA intake from 24-h recall dietary intake data collected in the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición) utilizing estimates from our food measurements, using nutrient concentrations from tortillas to approximate nutrient content of other corn masa-derived foods. The revised FA intake estimates were used to examine population-level intake of FA and dietary folate equivalent (DFE) accounting for geographic differences in FA content with statistical models. RESULTS: FA content in dietary staples was variable, whereas use of FA-fortified flour in corn masa tortillas increased with population size in place of residence. Accounting for dietary staples' FA fortification increased population estimates for FA and DFE intake, resulting in a lower proportion with intake below the EAR and a higher proportion with intake above the UL. Despite accounting for FA-fortified staple foods, 9-33% of women of childbearing age still have intake below the EAR, whereas up to 12% of younger children have intake above the UL. CONCLUSIONS: Unregulated FA fortification of dietary staples leads to unpredictable total folate intake without adequately impacting the intended target. Our findings suggest that monitoring, evaluation, and enforcement of mandatory fortification policies are needed. Without these, alternate strategies may be needed in order to reach women of childbearing age while avoiding overexposing children.

Cervical cancer cells suppress effector functions of cytotoxic T cells through the adenosinergic pathway.

BACKGROUND: The expression of CD73 in tumor cells plays a significant role in the production of adenosine (Ado) that suppresses antitumor effector cells. METHODS: In this study we analyzed the capability of HPV-positive (HPV+) cervical cancer (CeCa) cell lines CaSki, SiHa, HeLa, and RoVa; and HPV-negative (HPV-) cell lines C33A and ViBo to produce Ado and inhibit effector functions of CD8+ T cells. RESULTS: HPV+ CeCa cells expressed significantly higher levels of CD73 in the membrane (p<0.01) than HPV- CeCa cells and this expression was associated with the production of larger amounts of Ado (>400µM) compared to HPV-CeCa cells (<200µM) in the presence of AMP, as well asa stronger inhibition of (>50%) proliferation, activation, and cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells via interaction with A2A adenosine receptor. We also provide evidence that silenced E6/E7 expression in CeCa cells, strongly reduced its CD73 expression level and its capability to generate Ado. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that HPV infection, which is associated with more than 99% of CeCa cases, may present an increased constitutive expression of CD73 in cervical neoplasia to contribute to the suppression of the immune response mediated by the production of large amounts of Ado.

Bismuth subsalicylate nanoparticles with anaerobic antibacterial activity for dental applications.

In recent years, nanomaterials have been used in the medical-dental field as new alternative antimicrobial agents. Bismuth subsalicylate (BSS) has been used as an antimicrobial agent, but the effect of BSS in the form of nanoparticles (BSS-nano) as a potential antimicrobial agent has not been tested, in specific against bacteria responsible for periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of BSS-nano against oral anaerobic bacteria and to assess the safety of BSS-nano by evaluating their cytotoxicity in human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells. BSS-nano were synthesized by laser ablation and were previously physico-chemically characterized using in vitro assays. The antibacterial activity was measured using the tetrazolium-based XTT assay, and cytotoxicity was determined using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTS assays in HGF-1 cells. Transmission electron microscopy of HGF-1 exposed to BSS-nano was also performed. BSS-nano was shown to have a primary size of 4-22 nm and a polygonal shape. Among the tested bacterial strains, those with a greater sensitivity to BSS-nano (highest concentration of 21.7 µg ml-1) were A. actinomycetemcomitans, C. gingivalis, and P. gingivalis. BSS-nano at a concentration of 60 µg ml-1 showed low cytotoxicity (6%) in HFG-1 cells and was mainly localized intracellularly in acidic vesicles. Our results indicate that the concentration of BSS-nano used as an effective antibacterial agent does not induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells; thus, BSS-nano can be applied as an antibacterial agent in dental materials or antiseptic solutions.

miRNome landscape analysis reveals a 30 miRNA core in retinoblastoma.

BACKGROUND: miRNAs exert their effect through a negative regulatory mechanism silencing expression upon hybridizing to their target mRNA, and have a prominent position in the control of many cellular processes including carcinogenesis. Previous miRNA studies on retinoblastoma (Rb) have been limited to specific miRNAs reported in other tumors or to medium density arrays. Here we report expression analysis of the whole miRNome on 12 retinoblastoma tumor samples using a high throughput microarray platform including 2578 mature miRNAs. METHODS: Twelve retinoblastoma tumor samples were analyzed using an Affymetrix platform including 2578 mature miRNAs. We applied RMA analysis to normalize raw data, obtained categorical data from detection call values, and also used signal intensity derived expression data. We used Diana-Tools-microT-CDS to find miRNA targets and ChromDraw to map miRNAs in chromosomes. RESULTS: We discovered a core-cluster of 30 miRNAs that were highly expressed in all the cases and a cluster of 993 miRNAs that were uniformly absent in all cases. Another 1022 miRNA were variably present in the samples reflecting heterogeneity between tumors. We explored mRNA targets, pathways and biological processes affected by some of these miRNAs. We propose that the core-cluster of 30 miRs represent miRNA machinery common to all Rb, and affecting most pathways considered hallmarks of cancer. In this core, we identified miR-3613 as a potential and critical down regulatory hub, because it is highly expressed in all the samples and its potential mRNA targets include at least 36 tumor suppressor genes, including RB1. In the variably expressed miRNA, 36 were differentially expressed between males and females. Some of the potential pathways targeted by these 36 miRNAs were associated with hormonal production. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Rb tumor samples share a common miRNA expression profile regardless of tumor heterogeneity, and shed light on potential novel therapeutic targets such as mir-3613 This is the first work to delineate the miRNA landscape in retinoblastoma tumor samples using an unbiased approach.

Detection of damage on single- or double-stranded DNA in a population exposed to arsenic in drinking water.

Different studies have suggested an association between arsenic (As) exposure and damage to single-stranded DNA by reactive oxygen species derived from the biotransformation of arsenic. The single strand damages are converted to double strand damage upon interaction with ultraviolet radiation. Analysis of genomic integrity is important for assessing the genotoxicity caused by environmental pollutants. In this study, we compared the concentration of As in drinking water, nutritional status, lifestyle variables, and the level of genotoxicity in an exposed population and a control group. Arsenic content of water was determined using a portable Arsenator® kit. DNA fragmentation was determined using the two-tailed comet assay. Our results show that the exposed population had low nutritional consumption compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the water consumed by the exposed group had As concentration of 14.3 ± 8.4 mg/L, whereas the As level in the water consumed by the control group was 7.7 ± 3.5 mg/L. Analysis shows that the frequency of double strand break (DSB) fragmentation was higher in the population exposed to higher levels of As compared to that of the control group. These results suggest a possible association between the concentration of As in drinking water and lifestyle variables, with increasing fragmentation of DSBs in the exposed population.

Composición química e indicadores de calidad del frijol de soya (Glycine max) integral procesado con vapor para la alimentación de aves y cerdos / Chemical composition and quality indicators of full-fat soybean steam processed for poultry and swine feeding

Este estudio se realizó para determinar la composición química e indicadores de calidad del frijol de soya (Glycine max) integral (FSI) procesado con vapor en un autoclave bajo condiciones estándares de trabajo a 2,30 bar de presión a 103°C/30 min. Se tomaron seis muestras después del procesamiento de cada uno de tres lotes de soya provenientes de Estados Unidos. Se obtuvo la media por lote y general para cada variable con el error estándar (± EE). Las medias generales de materia seca, proteína, grasa, fibra, ceniza, Ca y P (g/100 g) y energía bruta (kcal/kg) fueron 91,40±0,40; 36,82±0,18; 20,88±0,49; 6,69±0,21; 4,80±0,05; 0,30±0,06; 0,53±0,006 y 5732±44,14, respectivamente. Hubo variaciones entre lotes para materia seca, P (P<0,01), fibra, ceniza y energía bruta (P≤0,05). Se observó predominio de lisina, arginina y leucina cuyas medias generales fueron 2,26±0,01; 2,70±0,01 y 2,81±0,01, respectivamente. Los ácidos grasos predominantes fueron oleico y linoleico con medias generales (g/100g) de 21,65±0,12 y 51,07±0,13, respectivamente. Se observaron variaciones (P≤0,01) entre lotes en la acidez y en los índices de saponificación, yodo y acidez. Las medias generales para inhibidores de tripsina, solubilidad de la proteína en KOH, actividad de ureasa y lisina reactiva fueron 3,04 ± 0,36 mg/g de muestra; 80,29 ± 1,09%; 0,05 ± 0,01% y 1,87±0,06%, respectivamente. Aunque hubo variaciones entre lotes para algunos componentes e indicadores de calidad, el FSI procesado con vapor es una fuente proteica de buena calidad, con buen contenido de lisina, grasa, energía bruta y ácidos grasos esenciales para la alimentación de aves y cerdos(AU)

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and quality indicators of full-fat soybean (Glycine max) (FFSB) steam processed in an autoclave under standard contitions of work of 2.30 bar of pressure and 103°C/30 min. Six samples were taken after the processing of each of three soybean batches from the United States. The average was obtained by batch and overall for each variable with the standard error of the mean (± SEM). The total averages of dry matter, protein, fat, fiber, ash, Ca and P (g/100g) and gross energy (kcal/kg) were 91.40±0.40, 36.82 ± 0.18; 20.88±0.49, 6.69 ± 0.21, 4.80±0,05, 0.30±0.06, 0.53±0.006, and 5732±44.14, respectively. There were variations among batches for dry matter, P (P<0.01), fiber, ash and gross energy (P≤0.05). There was a predominance of lysine, arginine and leucine (g/100 g) with average of 2.26±0.01, 2.70±0.01 and 2.81±0.01, respectively. The predominant fatty acids (g/100 g) were oleic and linoleic with general averages of 21.65 ± 0.12 and 51.07 ± 0.13, respectively. There were variations (P≤0.01) among batches in acidity and saponification, iodine and acidity index. The average for trypsin inhibitors, protein solubility in KOH, urease activity and reactive lysine were 3.04 ± 0.36 mg/g of sample; 80.29 ± 1.09%, 0.05 ± 0.01% y 1.87±0.06%, respectively. Although there were variations among batches for some components and quaility indicators, the FFSB steam processed is a protein source of good quality with good content of lysine, fat, gross energy and essential fatty acids for feeding poultry and swine(AU)

Prevalencia de úlceras por presión en un hospital de tercer nivel, en México DF / Prevalence of pressure ulcers in a third level hospital in Mexico City

Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de úlceras por presión (UPP) en los pacientes hospitalizados, determinar la puntuación de riesgo de UPP que presentan mediante la escala de Braden y describir las características de los pacientes y las lesiones (origen, localización y categoría). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó a 767 pacientes hospitalizados de una institución de tercer nivel que atiende a población sin derecho a la seguridad social. Todos los pacientes fueron valorados por un grupo de expertos en heridas. Para la identificación del riesgo se empleó la escala de Braden y la escala Braden Q para los niños menores de 5 años; posteriormente, fueron explorados físicamente y se identificó a los que presentaron UPP. Para el análisis se utilizaron frecuencias, porcentajes, medias y desviación estándar. Para la correlación V de Cramer se empleó SPSS versión 22.0. Resultados: Se valoraron 691 pacientes con la escala Braden y 74 con la escala Braden Q. Un total de 89 pacientes presentaron UPP. La prevalencia general puntual fue del 11,60%; por etapa de la vida, la prevalencia fue del 10,1% en neonatos, 10,8% en pediátricos, 9,7% en adultos y 16,9% en ancianos. El 70% presentó un riesgo alto en la escala de Braden y del 50% en la escala Braden Q. Se identificaron 167 UPP, de las cuales sus principales categorías fueron la categoría I y la II. Se localizaron en talones, sacro y glúteos. Conclusiones: Se encontró una prevalencia puntual por debajo de lo reportado a nivel nacional e intermedio a nivel internacional

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of pressure ulcers (PU) in hospitalized patients splitted by groups of age (neonates, pediatric, adults and elderly), and determine their level of risk according with the Braden Scale and provide a general background about the patients with PU´s and their ulcers (origin, localization and category). Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population included 767 hospitalized patients in a tertiary-level hospital that treat patients not covered by the social security. All patients were assessed by a group of wound experts. The Braden Scale was used to identify PU risk in patients elder than 5 years of age and the Braden Q Scale for those aged less than 5 years. Patients were physically examined in order to identify those with PU´s. Analysis of frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation were performed with SPSS 22.0. Results: A total of 691 patients were assessed with the Braden and 74 with the Braden Q. Of the 691 patients elder than five years, 89 presented PU. The overall presence was of 11,60%. The prevalence according with the age of the patients was 10,1% in neonates, 10,8% in pediatrics, 9,7% in adults and 16,9% in the elderly. According with the Braden Scale, 70% presented a high risk and according with the Braden Q 50% presented risk. 167 PU where identified, the main categories were I and II located mainly located on the heels, sacrum and gluteus region. Conclusions: Our prevalence figures were lower than the reported at a national level and a bit lower than at international level

Intervención grupal basada en mindfulness para trastorno mental severo. Una experiencia con pacientes comunitarios / No disponible

Las terapias de tercera generación que incluyen el componente mindfulness representan una alternativa al enfoque terapéutico tradicional para la psicosis. Tienen su foco en el malestar asociado a los síntomas psicóticos y usan estrategias que promueven la flexibilidad cognitiva y el contacto con el momento presente, entre otras. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una experiencia piloto en la que participaron ocho sujetos con trastorno mental severo y en la que se llevó a cabo una intervención grupal basada en mindfulness con un componente complementario de relajación. El objetivo, además de valorar la aplicabilidad de la intervención para este tipo de pacientes, es discutir sobre los posibles aspectos de mejora de cara a una futura generalización a otros contextos. Los resultados son consistentes con los encontrados en otros estudios en cuanto a la aplicabilidad en este tipo de población, aunque es necesaria más investigación para establecer su eficacia

Third-generation therapies which include mindfulness represent an alternative to the traditional therapeutic approach for psychosis. Such therapies are focused on the discomfort related to psychotic symptoms and use strategies based on the cognitive flexibility and the contact to the present, among others. In this paper are presented the results of a pilot experiment in which 8 patients with a several mental disorder participated, and a group intervention with an additional element of relaxation was performed. The aim is, besides evaluating the applicability of the intervention for this kind of patients, to discuss about the possible improvements facing a future generalization to other contexts. The results are consistent in relation to the results found in other studies in terms of the applicability for this kind of patients. Nevertheless more research are needed in order to ensure its efficient