Microalgal solutions in the cultivation of rotifers and artemia: scope for the modulation of the fatty acid profile.

The microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. (AUR), Isochrysis sp. (ISO), and Nannochloropsis sp (NAN) were studied as possible alternative feeds to well established commercial compound feeds for both rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia franciscana. Fatty acid (FA) composition -relative (in % of total FAs) and absolute (in mg/g dw)-was determined in order to assess their potential for providing essential FAs. The FA profiles showed relevant differences between the four feeds (compound feed and the three microalgal species), but less stark than in the feeds themselves. Whereas Isochrysis sp. was relatively rich in DHA and poor in EPA, 18.6 ± 1.7% vs 0.6 ± 0.0%, respectively, Nannochloropsis sp. had the opposite pattern, 0.2 ± 0.3% vs 28.3 ± 0.7%. Aurantiochytrium sp. was rich in DHA (19.1 ± 0.2% corresponding to 89.8 ± 0.2 mg/g dw), but posed difficulties as a feed for both rotifers and artemia, given its low lipid incorporation and, in particular, poor DHA deposition. Rotifers fed the compound feed had the best combination of n3 PUFA levels (22.1 ± 0.1 mg/g dw), DHA contents (13.6 ± 0.4 mg/g dw), and DHA/EPA ratios (~3), being rotifers fed AUR and ISO feeds second best. Hence, these microalgae may deserve to be further explored as potential sources of specific FAs in rotifers and artemia.

The effect of live feeds bathed with the red seaweed Asparagopsis armata on the survival, growth and physiology status of Sparus aurata larvae.

Larval rearing is affected by a wide range of microorganisms that thrive in larviculture systems. Some seaweed species have metabolites capable of reducing the bacterial load. However, no studies have yet tested whether including seaweed metabolites on larval rearing systems has any effects on the larvae development. This work assessed the development of Sparus aurata larvae fed preys treated with an Asparagopsis armata product. Live prey, Brachionus spp. and Artemia sp., were immersed in a solution containing 0.5% of a commercial extract of A. armata (Ysaline 100, YSA) for 30 min, before being fed to seabream larvae (n = 4 each). In the control, the live feed was immersed in clear water. Larval parameters such as growth, survival, digestive capacity (structural-histology and functional-enzymatic activity), stress level (cortisol content), non-specific immune response (lysozyme activity), anti-bacterial activity (disc-diffusion assay) and microbiota quantification (fish larvae gut and rearing water) were monitored. Fish larvae digestive capacity, stress level and non-specific immune response were not affected by the use of YSA. The number of Vibrionaceae was significantly reduced both in water and larval gut when using YSA. Growth was enhanced for YSA treatment, but higher mortality was also observed, especially until 10 days after hatching (DAH). The mortality peak observed at 8 DAH for both treatments, but higher for YSA, indicates larval higher susceptibility at this development stage, suggesting that lower concentrations of YSA should be used until 10 DAH. The application of YSA after 10 DAH onwards promotes a safer rearing environment.

Perfil dos usuários da Farmácia Pública Municipal de Bandeirantes - Paraná - 2005 / Profile of the users of the Municipal Public Pharmacy of the city of Bandeirantes - Paraná State, 2005

Apesar das dificuldades do Sistema Único de Saúde, a Assistência Farmacêutica é uma das principais formas de acesso da população verificando-se que um dos serviços mais procurados do sistema é a Farmácia Pública Municipal. Uma grande parcela da população depende da assistência médica pública e não tem recursos financeiros para adquirir medicamentos em farmácias privadas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o perfil dos usuários da Farmácia Pública Municipal, relacionar a oferta do medicamento gratuito ao perfil do usuário da farmácia e avaliar a postura dos entrevistados quanto à automedicação, sobra de medicamentos e valorização do serviço gratuito. Os dados do presente estudo foram coletados por um instrumento aplicado em julho de 2005, em 130 usuários que estavam presentes na fila da Farmácia Básica Municipal, onde a população alvo foram adultos acima de 18 anos de idade. Conclui-se que os usuários da Farmácia Pública Municipal são adultos jovens, não inseridos formalmente no mercado de trabalho que fazem uso contínuo de medicamentos e não têm o conhecimento do valor real dos serviços prestados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, especialmente na área farmacêutica. Portanto, estes princípios devem ser abordados nos instrumentos de educação permanente para enfocar a importância do uso racional de medicamentos e a valorização dos usuários em relação ao serviço prestado.

Regardless of the difficulties of the "Sistema Único de Saúde" (SUS), the Pharmaceutical Assistance is one of the main forms of access of the population verifying itself that one of the looked services more of the system is the Municipal Public Pharmacy. A great parcel of the population depends on the public medical assistance and it does not have financial resources to acquire medicines in private pharmacies. The present study it has as objective to characterize the profile of the users of the Municipal Public Pharmacy, to relate offers of the gratuitous medicine to the profile of the user of the pharmacy and to evaluate the position of interviewed how much the self-medication, medicine remaining portion and valuation of the gratuitous service. The data of the present study was collect by an instrument applied in July of 2005, in 130 users who were gifts in the line of the Municipal Basic Pharmacy, where the white population had been adult above of 18 years of age. It is concluded formal that the users of the municipal public pharmacy are adult young, not inserted in the market of work that they make continuous medicine use and it does not have the knowledge of the real value of the services given for the Only System of Health, especially in the pharmaceutical area. Therefore, these principles must be boarded in the instruments of permanent education to focus the importance of the rational medicine use and the valuation of the users in relation to the given service.

Controle da dengue em Bandeirantes, Paraná: importância da continuidade das ações preventivas / Control of dengue fever in Bandeirantes, Paraná: importance of the continuity in the preventive actions

Analisou-se os resultados do trabalho dos agentes da dengue, na rotina de trabalho do setor de controle de endemias da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, para controle do Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus no município de Bandeirantes-PR. O trabalho dos agentes é realizado através de ciclos de varredura, gerando índices de infestação por larva, índice Breteau (I.B.) e índice Predial (I.P.). Avaliou-se a necessidade do trabalho de prevenção e educação da população, já que nos meses em que o trabalho de varredura com ciclos de vistas pelos agentes foi realizado, de janeiro a dezembro de 2001, houve uma diminuição dos casos positivos de dengue, porém, ao ser interrompida a realização de ciclos houve um grande aumento no número de casos positivos. Qundo se retomaram os ciclos de varredura no ano de 2002 houve novamente uma diminuição no número de casos positivos da dengue. Isto comprova a necessidade de manutenção do trabalho dos agentes da dengue na realização de ciclos de varredura e conscientização da população sobre medidas de prevenção dessa doença