Having any mental health condition before the COVID-19 pandemic as a risk factor of COVID-19 contagion during the first year of pandemic: A Spanish adult cohort.

Numerous studies suggest that subjects suffering from a mental health condition before the COVID-19 pandemic were at higher risk of contagion, but mostly are cross-sectional or retrospective. The BIOVAL-D-COVID-19 is a longitudinal cohort study design with 922 subjects who full filled two evaluations from an online survey of Spanish residents before and during the pandemic. Mental health conditions assessed were: Major Depressive Episode (MDE), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours (STB) and subthreshold of panic and bipolar disorder (BD). Mental health screening instruments used were: the Spanish version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) version 3.0 for the evaluation of MDE, the GAD-7 scale to evaluate GAD; STB was evaluated with four items from the CIDI questionnaire. Panic Disorder and BD were screened from a modified and self-reported version of the CIDI. A bivariate plus five logistic regression models were developed for each mental health condition adjusted by socio-demographic variables; employment status; general and physical health; comorbidity; and including all previous variables and the other mental health conditions. We found in bivariate model that MDE; GAD and STB were statistically significant risk factors of contagion of COVID-19. The logistic regression models developed reveal that having a previous GAD (aOR 3.30 1.31-8.31) or STB (aOR 2.16 CI 95% 1.01-4.62) was statistically significant associated with COVID-19 contagion, independently of all variables included. MDE was not a risk factor of contagion when it was adjusted by comorbidity (aOR 0.99 CI 95% 0.47-2.09). It is recommended to detect those subjects with previous GAD or STB as vulnerable groups of infection to reduce contagion rates.

Nirsevimab immunization's real-world effectiveness in preventing severe bronchiolitis: A test-negative case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Several clinical trials have shown that nirsevimab, an antibody targeting the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), reduces RSV bronchiolitis requiring admission. In 2023-2024, Catalonia and Andorra adopted immunization strategies for children <6 months and those born during the epidemic season. This study evaluates the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing hospitalizations from RSV bronchiolitis. METHODS: In the epidemic season of 2023-2024, a test-negative case-control study was conducted in three hospitals from Catalonia and Andorra. Patients <12 months old admitted with bronchiolitis and tested for RSV using molecular microbiology tests were included. The effectiveness in preventing RSV bronchiolitis hospitalization and severe disease was estimated using multivariate models. Comparisons between immunized, non-immunized, and non-eligible patients were made in prospectively collected epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological variables. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-four patients were included. RSV was detected in 141/234 (60.2%), being less common in the immunized group (37% vs 75%, p < .001). The rate of immunized patients among those eligible was 59.7%. The estimated effectiveness for RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection was 81.0% (95% confidence interval: 60.9-90.7), and for preventing severe disease (the need for NIV/CMV), 85.6% (41.7-96.4%). No significant differences by immunization status were observed in patients with RSV concerning viral coinfections, the need for NIV/CMV or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides real-world evidence of the effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing RSV-lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization and severe disease in infants during their first RSV season following a systematic immunization program. Immunized patients did not exhibit a higher rate of viral coinfections nor differences in clinical severity once admitted.

Factors associated with high and low mental well-being in Spanish university students.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies conducted in various nationally representative samples of the general population show that positive mental health is related to social prosperity. However, specific studies in university populations are scarce. In this study, we set out to explore factors associated with mental well-being (MWB) in a representative sample of first-year university students in Spain. METHODS: MWB was assessed with the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to explore the association between different blocks of factors, including relational, adversity, stress, lifestyle, spiritual, health, and self-perceived health variables with high and low MWB, controlling for sociodemographic and university-related variables. RESULTS: Data from 2082 students (18.6 ± 1.2 years; 56.6 % females) were analysed. Being male, being born in a foreign country, "high" self-perceived support, and "high" self-perceived mental health increased the odds of high MWB. Growing up in the suburbs, stressful experiences, and anxiety disorders reduced the odds of high MWB. Mood and anxiety disorders increased the odds of low MWB. "Middle" self-perceived support, sleeping ≥8 h per day, and "high" self-perceived mental health reduced the odds of low MWB. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design precludes establishing causal relationships. Data were collected in the 2014-15 academic year using self-reported online surveys. CONCLUSION: The factors associated with high and low MWB do not always mirror each other, so specific plans are needed to successfully address each of the two poles. Interventions and policies targeting these factors for health promotion and disease prevention would improve the MWB of university students.

Suicidal ideation risk among LGB Spanish university students: The role of childhood and adolescence adversities and mental disorders.

BACKGROUND: Childhood/adolescence adversities and mental disorders are higher among LGB youths. AIMS: To evaluate the role of childhood maltreatment, bullying, and mental disorders on the association between sexual orientation and suicidal ideation (SI); and the role of mental disorders on the association between sexual orientation discrimination and SI. METHODS: Baseline and 12-month follow-up online surveys of Spanish first-year university students (18-24-year-olds). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the effects of childhood/adolescence adversities and mental disorders in the relationship between sexual orientation, discrimination and SI. RESULTS: A total of 1224 students were included (16.4 % LGBs). Risk factors of lifetime SI were sexual orientation (OR 2.4), any bullying (OR 2.4), any childhood maltreatment (OR 4.0), and any mental disorders (OR 3.8). Final model Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.78. Among homosexual and bisexual students, discrimination showed increased risk of 12-month SI (OR 2.2), but this effect was no longer statistically significant when any 12-month mental disorder was added (OR 7.8). Final model AUC 0.72. LIMITATIONS: Sample of interest was relatively small. But it was similar to comparable studies and statistical adjustments have been performed. Assessment of mental disorders and SI was not based on clinical assessment. However, validated scales showing good diagnostic agreement with clinical judgement were used. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood/adolescence adversities and mental disorders interact in the association between sexual orientation and SI. Mental disorders may mediate the association between sexual orientation discrimination and SI. Further research using larger samples and causal modelling approach assessing the mediators of SI risk among LGBs is needed.

Socio-economic and psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in a Spanish cohort BIOVAL-D-COVID-19 study protocol / Impacto socioeconómico y psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19 en una cohorte española protocolo del estudio BIOVAL-D-COVID-19

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has a negative psychological impact among general population. Data comparing mental health status before and during the outbreak is needed. The BIOVAL-D-COVID-19 study assess the socio-economic and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in a representative sample of non-institutionalized Spanish adult population, and estimate the incidence of mental health disorders, including suicidal behaviours, and possible related factors. Method: Observational longitudinal study including two online surveys: baseline survey (T0) performed during 2019 and follow-up survey (T1) conducted 12-month later. The latter included nine sections: socio-demographic, health status, mental health, employment conditions and status, material deprivation, use of healthcare services, intimate partner violence and resilience. Four of the nine sections are administered in T0 and T1 assessments. Longitudinal data analyses will estimate adjusted incidence rates of mental health disorders using Poisson regression models. Risk and protective factors will be analysed through multiple logistic regression models. (AU)

Objetivo: el estudio BIOVAL-D-COVID-19 evaluará el impacto socioeconómico y psicológico de la pandemia de COVID-19 y del confinamiento en una muestra representativa de población española adulta no institucionalizada, y estimará la incidencia de trastornos de salud mental, incluida la conducta suicida, y los posibles factores relacionados. Métodos: estudio longitudinal que incluye dos encuestas online: la encuesta basal (T0) realizada durante 2019 y la encuesta de seguimiento (T1) realizada 12 meses después. Esta última tiene nueve secciones: variables sociodemográficas, estado de salud general, salud mental, condiciones laborales y estatus laboral, privación material, uso de servicios de salud, violencia de pareja y resiliencia. Cuatro de las nueve secciones se administran en ambas encuestas (T0 y T1). Se utilizarán modelos de regresión de Poisson para el análisis longitudinal de las tasas de incidencia ajustadas de trastornos de salud mental. Los factores de riesgo y de protección se analizarán mediante modelos de regresión logística múltiple. (AU)

Self-esteem and suicidal behaviour in youth: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies / Autoestima y comportamiento suicida en jóvenes: un metaanálisis de estudios longitudinales

Background: Previous literature suggests that low self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts, but no meta-analyses have been conducted to assess this association in adolescents/young adults. The present study examined the relationship between low self-esteem and suicide attempts in young people (12-26 years old). Method: Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models (ES) and odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: From 26,883 initial titles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 9 studies had data that could be included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that youths with lower self-esteem were more likely to have future suicide attempts, with an effect size (self-esteem as continuous variable) of d = .58 (95% CI = .44 - .73) and, for low self-esteem (categorical variable) an OR = 1.99 (95% CI = 1.39-2.86; p < .001). Conclusion: A low level of self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts in adolescents/young adults

Antecedentes: según la literatura, la baja autoestima es un factor de riesgo para los intentos de suicidio, pero no se han realizado metaanálisis para evaluar esta asociación entre los adolescentes/jóvenes. El presente estudio examinó la relación entre la baja autoestima y los intentos de suicidio entre los jóvenes (12-26 años de edad). Método: los metaanálisis se realizaron mediante modelos de efectos aleatorios, con tamaños del efecto (TE) y odds-ratio (OR). Se realizaron análisis de heterogeneidad y sensibilidad. Resultados: de 2.883 trabajos iniciales, 22 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales 9 estudios tenían datos que podían incluirse en el meta-análisis. El meta-análisis mostró que los jóvenes con menor autoestima eran más propensos a tener intentos futuros de suicidio, con un tamaño del efecto (autoestima como variable continua) de TE = 0,58 (IC del 95%: 0,44 a 0,73) y para la autoestima baja (variable categórica), un OR = 1,99 (IC del 95%: 1,39 a 2,86; p<0,001). Conclusión: el bajo nivel de autoestima es un factor de riesgo para los intentos de suicidio en adolescentes/jóvenes. Se necesitan programas eficaces para aumentar los niveles de autoestima y prevenir futuros comportamientos suicidas

Resultados percibidos por los pacientes en investigación: definición, impacto, clasificación, medición y evaluación / The patient-reported outcomes in research: Definition, impact, classification, measurement and assessment

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Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de niños con infección por gripe A (H1N1) 2009 / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection

Fundamento. El virus pandémico H1N1 ha causado patología grave en personas previamente sanas de mediana edad. La incidencia de infección por H1N1 fue muy superior entre los niños de 5 a 14 años si se compara con otros grupos y si se compara con la gripe estacional. Objetivo. Describir las características de los pacientes con diagnóstico de infección por el virus influenza A (H1N1) 2009. Característiques clíniques i epidemiològiques de nens amb infecció per grip A (H1N1) 2009 María Araceli Caballero Rabasco 1, Mireia Tirado Capistros 2, Adela Retana Castán 2, Pere Sala Castellví 3, Valentí Pineda Solas 4, Antoni Martínez-Roig 1 1 Servei de Pediatria. Hospital del Mar. Parc de Salut Mar. Barcelona. 2 Servei de Pediatria. Hospital de Sant Pau. Barcelona. 3 Servei de Pediatria. Hospital de Barcelona. Barcelona. 4 Servei de Pediatria. Hospital de Sabadell, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Sabadell Método. Se realiza estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, mediante revisión de historias clínicas de una cohorte de niños con infección respiratoria aguda y/o síndrome gripal con confirmación de infección por H1N1. Resultados. Un total de 202 pacientes fueron identificados, la media de edad fue de 7,29 años. 55,4% fueron niños y 44,6% fueron niñas. En el 41% de los casos había antecedentes de riesgo. El síntoma clínico más prevalente fue la fiebre (95,5%) seguido de tos (76,7%) y rinorrea (48,5%). La coinfección bacteriana se confirmó en el 8,9%. El patrón intersticial fue el hallazgo radiológico más frecuente (38%). El 39,1% recibieron tratamiento antiviral. El 9,4% ingresaron en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), la mayoría de ellos con patología previa, y un 1,5% murieron. Conclusiones. En la gran mayoría de los casos, procedentes de un grupo de población con escasos antecedentes de riesgo, cursaron con un cuadro clínico leve con respuesta adecuada a tratamiento sintomático como en la gripe estacional. La coinfección neumocócica estuvo íntimamente relacionada con evolución tórpida y la mayoría de los pacientes que requirieron atención en UCI presentaban patología de base previa(AU)

Background. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic caused severe disease in previously healthy middle-aged individuals. The incidence of H1N1 infection was much higher among children 5 to 14 years old when compared with other age groups and with seasonal influenza A infection. Objective. To describe the characteristics of patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection. Method. Retrospective study with review of medical records of a cohort of children with acute respiratory infection and/or flu symptoms with confirmation of H1N1 infection. Results. A total of 202 patients (55.4% males) were identified. Mean age was 7.29 years. Risk factors were present in 41% of the cases. The most prevalent clinical symptom was fever (95.5%), followed by cough (76.7%), and rhinorrhea (48.5%). Bacterial coinfection was confirmed in 8.9% of the patients. Interstitial lung disease was the most common radiological finding (38%). Antiviral treatment was administered to 39.1% of the children; 9.4% of children were admitted to the intensive care unit, most of them with pre-existing conditions, and 1.5% of children died. Conclusions. H1N1 infection affected mostly children with low-risk factors, and patients presented with mild clinical symptoms that responded well to symptomatic treatment as it is given for seasonal flu. Pneumococcal co-infection was closely related to protracted evolution; most patients that required intensive care had underlying morbidities(AU)

Anemia y enfermedad celiaca en una paciente con síndrome de Down / Anaemia and celiac disease in a patient with Down syndrome

Las personas con síndrome de Down (SD) tienen más probabilidades de presentar enfermedad celiaca (EC) que la población general. Se presenta un caso de EC que se manifiesta con anemia importante, en una chica adolescente con SD. Paciente de sexo femenino de 13 años de edad, con SD, que ingresa por anemia acompañada de astenia, anorexia y alteración del ritmo intestinal de unas 4 semanas de evolución. Tiene antecedentes de menstruaciones abundantes y algún vómito antes del inicio de la enfermedad actual. Al constatarse la palidez cutánea sele practica analítica y ésta indica una importante anemia, con cifra de hemoglobina de 4,7 g/dL, por lo que la paciente es derivada al hospital. La exploración física muestra una frecuencia cardiaca de 106xminuto,tensión arterial de 112/48 mmHg, palidez cutánea y de mucosas y soplo sistólico. La anemia es normocítica hipocroma y con ferropenia. Los estudios de imagen descartan patología hemorrágica gastrointestinal. El estudio de médula ósea también es normal. Se inicia tratamiento con sulfato ferroso por vía oral. Un mes después, la paciente vuelve a ingresar por dolor abdominal, vómitos y diarrea. Durante el ingreso se practican determinación de anticuerpos antiendomisio y antitransglutaminasa tisular, que resultan positivos. La biopsia intestinal confirma EC. Se instaura una dieta sin gluten y se mantiene el tratamiento con hierro, tras lo cual sigue una evolución favorable y recuperación dela anemia. Hay autores e instituciones que recomiendan la práctica de cribado de EC en personas asintomáticas con SD. En cualquier caso, en las que presentan sintomatología gastrointestinal o de otros tipos –como puede ser una anemia no explicable por otros motivos–, debe descartarse la posibilidad de EC (AU)

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with an increase drisk of celiac disease (CD) than that found ingeneral population. An adolescent girl with DS and CD presenting with severe anaemia is reported. A 13 year-old girl was admitted to hospital for anaemia and a 4 week-history of asthenia, anorexia, and disturbed bowel habit. Her past medical history was remarkable for hypermenorrhea and occasional vomiting. Heart rate was 106xminute and blood pressure112/48 mmHg. On physical exam she was pale and a systolic murmur was heard. Blood tests depicted a severe hypochromic normocytic anaemia with haemoglobin values of 4,7 g/dL Gastrointestinal bleeding was ruled out on the basis of several image studies and a bone marrow study was also normal. Iron supplement with ferrous sulphate was prescribed. A month later she was readmitted to hospital for abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. Serum endomysium antibodies and tissue transglutaminase antibodies were found to be positive and an intestinal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of CD. She was started on a gluten-free diet and the iron supplement was maintained. She subsequently followed a favourable clinical course with cessation of gastrointestinal symptoms and correction of the manaemia. Several authors have suggested that people with DS should be routinely screened for CD even if they area symptomatic. Moreover, the existence of CD should be specially considered in people with DS who present with gastrointestinal symptoms or anaemia of unclear etiologies (AU)