Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención primaria y secundaria y diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico / Clinical practice guide for primary and secondary prevention and early diagnosis of gastric cancer

Resumen Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, para la prevención primaria y secundaria, el tratamiento de las lesiones preneoplásicas y el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer gástrico en población adulta, con el propósito de reducir la carga de la enfermedad. Materiales y métodos: El grupo desarrollador estuvo integrado por profesionales de la salud y tomadores de decisiones. Se construyeron preguntas clínicas contestables y se realizó la graduación de los desenlaces. Se elaboró la búsqueda de la información en MEDLINE; EMBASE y CENTRAL, siendo actualizada el 18 de octubre de 2018. La pesquisa también abarcó otras fuentes de información como la Revista Colombiana de Gastroenterología y la lectura en "bola de nieve" de las referencias incluidas. Se contactó a expertos en la materia con el objetivo de identificar estudios relevantes no publicados. Para la construcción de las recomendaciones, se realizó un consenso acorde con los lineamientos propuestos por la metodología GRADE, sopesando los beneficios, los efectos adversos derivados de la intervención, las preferencias de los pacientes y el potencial impacto de las intervenciones sobre los costos. Resultados: Se presenta la versión corta de la "Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención primaria, secundaria y diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico", junto con su evidencia de soporte y respectivas recomendaciones. Conclusiones: Como recomendación central para la implementación, se recomienda erradicar la infección por H. pylori en los pacientes con o sin factores de riesgo, como estrategia de prevención de las condiciones precursoras de cáncer gástrico. La Guía deberá actualizarse en tres años.

Abstract Objetive: Generate recommendations for primary and secondary prevention, treatment of gastric preneoplastic lesions, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer in the adult population, to increase the detection of gastric cancer in early stages. Material and methods: The developer group was made up of health professionals, decision-makers, and a representative of the patients. Answerable clinical questions were constructed and outcomes were graded. The search for information in MEDLINE was carried out; EMBASE and CENTRAL, being updated on October 18, 2018. The search also covered other sources of information such as the Colombian Journal of Gastroenterology and the "snowball" reading of the references included. Experts in the field were contacted to identify studies. For the construction of the recommendations, a consensus was made according to the guidelines proposed by the GRADE methodology, weighing the benefits, the adverse effects derived from the intervention, the preferences of the patients, and the potential impact of the interventions on costs. Results: The short version of the "Clinical practice guidelines for the primary, secondary, and early diagnosis of gastric cancer" is presented together with its supporting evidence and respective recommendations. Conclusions: As a central recommendation for implementation, it is recommended to eradicate H. pylori infection in patients with or without risk factors in whom it is detected to prevent gastric cancer precursor conditions. The Guide will need to be updated in three years.

Are emergency physicians satisfied? An analysis of operational/organization factors.

OBJECTIVE: Professional satisfaction is associated with career longevity, individual well-being, and patient care and safety. Lack of physician engagement promotes the opposite. This study sought to identify important facets contributing to decreased career satisfaction using a large national data set of practicing emergency physicians. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of the national Longitudinal Study of Emergency Physicians survey conducted by the American Board of Emergency Medicine. The survey was composed of 57 variables including career satisfaction as well as occupational and psychological variables potentially associated with career satisfaction. Factor analysis was used to determine the important latent variables. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to determine statistical significance among the latent variables with overall career satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 863 participants were recorded. The overall mean career satisfaction rate was 3.9 on a 5-point Likert scale with 1 and 5 indicating "least satisfied" and "most satisfied," respectively. Our analysis revealed 9 factors related to job satisfaction. Two latent factors, exhaustion/stress and administration/respect, were statistically significant. When comparing satisfaction scores between sex, there was a statistically significant difference with men reporting a higher satisfaction rate (P = 0.0092). Age was also statistically significant with overall satisfaction lower for younger physicians than older physicians. CONCLUSION: Our study found that emergency physicians are overall satisfied with emergency medicine, although with variability depending on sex and age. In addition, we characterized job satisfaction into 9 factors that significantly contribute to job satisfaction. Future work exploring these factors may help elucidate the development of targeted interventions to improve professional well-being in the emergency medicine workforce.

Emergency Department Well-being Initiatives During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An After-action Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the well-being of our health care professionals, particularly frontline providers in the emergency department (ED). Our ED, located in New York City, was severely affected, exposing the staff to a combination of unique stressors. Our ED Wellness Committee responded by implementing various initiatives focusing on the physical, mental, and social needs of our providers to support them through this difficult time. The initiatives we describe offer a framework that may help other departments understand the importance of provider well-being during a pandemic.

Well-being and burnout: One size does not fit all.

Well-being and burnout are concepts that have become well described throughout emergency medicine. In the past, both well-being and burnout have been defined and addressed as a singular phenomenon, similar for all physicians, regardless of career stage. However, unique stressors may exist for physicians, as a function of their work environment and stage. In this concepts article we present clinician well-being as a dynamic and continuous process, subject to unique factors along the professional lifespan. Specific individual and system-level factors are discussed, ranging from demographic variables, to evolving administrative and professional responsibilities depending on the career stage of a clinician. This detailed description of stressors spanning an emergency physician's professional career may help create more targeted physician well-being and burnout interventions.

Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement in the emergency department: experience in a hospital in Bogotá, Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: The use of central venous catheters (CVCs) in the emergency room (ER) is a valuable tool for the comprehensive management of critically ill patients; however, the positioning of these devices is not free of complications. Currently, the use of ultrasound is considered a useful and safe tool to carry out these procedures, but in Colombia, the number of emergency departments providing this tool is scarce and there is no literature describing the experience in our country. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the experience regarding placement of ultrasound-guided CVCs by emergency physicians in an institution in Bogotá, as well as the associated complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study. Medical records of 471 patients requiring insertion of CVCs in the resuscitation area from January 2014 to December 2014 were reviewed. Insertion site and complications are described. RESULTS: For 471 total cases, the average age of patients was 68.6 years, the most frequent diagnosis was sepsis (30.7%), the preferred route of insertion was the right internal jugular vein, and insertion was successful at the first attempt in 85.9% of patients. Pneumothorax was the most common complication (1.2%), followed by extensive hematoma and infection. CONCLUSION: Insertion of ultrasound-guided CVCs by emergency physicians is a safe procedure that involves complications similar to those reported in the literature; it is necessary to expand the use of ultrasound-guided CVCs in ERs.

An Innovative Clinical Skills "Boot Camp" for Dental Medicine Residents.

During a 1-year hospital-based residency, dental residents are required to rotate through many departments including surgery, medicine, and emergency medicine. It became apparent that there was a gap between clinical skills knowledge taught in dental school curriculum and skills required for hospital-based patient care. In response, a simulation-based intensive clinical skill "boot camp" was created. The boot camp provided an intensive, interactive 3-day session for the dental residents. During the 3 days, residents were introduced to medical knowledge and skills that were necessary for their inpatient hospital rotations but were lacking in traditional dental school curriculum. Effectiveness of the boot camp was assessed in terms of knowledge base and comfort through presession and postsession surveys. According to resident feedback, this intensive introduction for the dental residents improved their readiness for their inpatient hospital-based residency.

Evaluación ex vivo de la retención de estructuras en zirconia-ytria de Procera® con diferentes cementos / Ex vivo evaluation of the retention of Procera® zirconia- yttria systems with different cements

Introducción: en tanto no se encuentra en la literatura un protocolo fundamentado de cementación para restauraciones elaboradas en zirconia-ytria, el propósito de este estudio fue evaluar ex vivo la retención por resistencia friccional de estructuras de zirconia-ytria, Procera® , cementadas con cuatro materiales como el Ketac cem (3M ESPE), el Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent), el Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray) y el RelyX U100 (3M ESPE), sobre dientes naturales. Métodos: se obtuvieron 40 terceros molares recientemente extraídos, los cuales fueron desinfectados con NaOCl al 0,5%, y almacenados en solución salina, embebidos en resina acrílica y tallados con ángulo de convergencia de 10° por pared, tallado axial con profundidad de 1,5 mm y altura de 4 mm. Se tomaron impresiones con Aquasil Ultra® Dentsply y vaciadas con yeso tipo IV, para hacer 40 estructuras Procera AllZircon (Nobel Biocare). Se cementaron 10 muestras por cada material y fueron termocicladas x 5.000 ciclos de 15 s. Luego fueron traccionadas con una máquina de pruebas universal y se analizaron los tipos de fallas en las diferentes interfases. Se hizo análisis estadístico ANOVA de una vía y análisis de rangos múltiples. Resultados: los valores promedio de retención en Newtons fueron de 440 N para el Ketac cem, de 698 N para el Multilink Automix, de 686 N para el Panavia F 2.0 y de 551 N para el RelyX U100. La falla adhesiva a la dentina se presentó en el 53,8%, seguido por la falla mixta, con el 12,82%. Conclusiones: los cementos resinosos con monómeros de fosfato ácidos reportan valores superiores en la retención en comparación con cementos convencionales tipo ácido-base. La adhesión a dentina y la manipulación de los cementos pueden influir en el resultado final.

Introduction: since the specialized literature does not report reliable protocols for cementing zirconia-yttria restorations, the purpose of this study was to perform an ex vivo assessment of the retention by frictional strength of Procera® zirconia-yttria systems cemented with four materials: Ketac Cem (3M) ESPE), Multilink Automix (Ivoclar Vivadent), Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray), and RelyX U100 (3M ESPE) on natural teeth. Methods: We gathered 40 recently extracted third molars, which were disinfected with 0.5% NaOCl and stored in saline solution, embedded in acrylic resin, and cut at a 10° convergence angle per wall with an axial carving of 1.5 mm in depth and 4 mm in height. Impressions were taken with Aquasil Ultra® Dentsply and cast with type IV plaster, obtaining 40 Procera AllZircon (Nobel Biocare) structures. 10 samples per material were cemented and thermocycled x 5,000 cycles of 15 s. They were then tractioned with a universal testing machine and failure types at the different interfaces were analyzed. One-way multiple-range ANOVA statistical analysis was performed. Results: average retention values in Newtons were 440 N for Ketac Cem, 698 N for Multilink Automix, 686 N for Panavia F 2.0, and 551 N for RelyX U100. Dentin adhesion failure occurred in 53.8% of cases, followed by mixed failure, with 12.82%. Conclusions: resinous cements with acid phosphate monomers reported higher retention values in comparison with conventional acid-base cements. Adherence to dentin and cement handling can affect the final result.

Situación de salud bucal y estado protésico del paciente edentado bimaxilar que acude a la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia: un estudio piloto / Oral health profile and denture status of bimaxillary edentulous patients treated at universidad de antioquia’s school of dentistry: a pilot study

Introducción: este estudio tuvo como objetivo general analizar la situación de salud bucal y el estado protésico en unamuestra de pacientes edentados bimaxilares atendidos en la clínica del adulto de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en 54 pacientes que consultaron a la institución en el periodo 2008-2010. Se consideraron lassiguientes variables: edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo, frecuencia de cepillado, utilización de enjuagues, limpieza de la mucosa, remoción nocturna de la prótesis, presencia de estomatitis, úlceras, aumento fibroso, porosidades, pigmentaciones, cálculos, fracturas, dientes caídos, desgaste dentario y grado de satisfacción con el aparato protésico. Se describieron las variables mencionadas por sexo y pruebas Chi cuadrado para observar significancias estadísticas. Resultados: la mayoría de la población estudiada se ubicó en estratos socioeconómicos y niveles educativos bajos. El 48% presentó algún tipo de estomatitis en el arco superior. El 46% se retiran ambas prótesis en la noche, con mayor proporción en las mujeres (58%). Los cálculos fueron el hallazgo más importante en cuanto al estado protésico, presentándose en el 79% en la prótesis inferior. Casi el 80% de la población examinada estaba satisfecha con la prótesis total superior y el 44% con la inferior. Conclusión: los resultados encontrados reflejaron la falta de mantenimiento y controlde la situación de estos pacientes, así como deficiencias en los hábitos de higiene bucal y de las prótesis, situación que no concuerda con la alta satisfacción encontrada.

Introduction: the main objective of this study was to analyze oral health conditions and denture status of a sample of bimaxillary edentulous patients treated at the adult clinic of Universidad de Antioquia’s School of Dentistry. Methods: this was adescriptive study on 54 patients seeking consultation between 2008 and 2010. The following variables were considered: age, gender, socioeconomic level, education level, frequency of brushing, mouthwash use, mucosa cleansing, nightly removal of prosthesis, presence of stomatitis, ulcers, fibrous increase, porosities, pigmentations, calculi, fractures, lost teeth, dental wear, and level of satisfaction withthe prosthetics apparatus. These variables were described by gender and Chi Square tests in order to observe statistical significances. Results: most of the studied population come from lower socioeconomic groups and have low education levels. 48% of this populationpresented some kind of upper arch stomatitis. 46% of them remove both prostheses at night, with a greater proportion among women (58%). Calculi were the most important finding in terms of denture status, as it occurred in 79% of lower prostheses. Almost 80% of the assessed population was satisfied with the upper denture, while 44% were satisfied with the lower one. Conclusions: the findings suggest lack of care and control of these patients’ situation, as well as deficiencies in terms of hygiene habits on both the mouth and the prosthesis —a situation that does not match the high levels of satisfaction found.