Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Caring for Filipino American and Korean American Patients.

As of 2019, there are 4.2 million Filipino Americans (FAs) and 1.9 million Korean Americans (KAs) in the United States, largely concentrated in New York, California, Texas, Illinois, and Washington. In both populations, similar to the broader U.S. culture, one can find health literacy gaps around understanding and utilizing palliative care. In this article, we provide 10 cultural pearls to guide clinicians on how to sensitively approach FA and KA groups when addressing palliative and end-of-life (EOL) discussions. We fully celebrate that every person is an individual and care should be tailored to each person's goals, values, and preference. In addition, there are several cultural norms that, when appreciated and celebrated, may help clinicians to improve serious illness care and EOL discussions for members of these populations.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Navigating the Needs of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities.

As many people with intellectual disabilities (ID) live longer, the need for access to quality palliative care (PC) rises. People with ID realize significant barriers and inequities in accessing health care and PC. The need for integrated disability and PC services with extensive collaboration is great. The following tips are for PC clinicians caring for people with ID, their families, caregivers, and the community. While patient-centered care is difficult to distill into "tips," this article, written by an interdisciplinary team of PC and ID specialists, offers resources and references to improve the care provided to people with ID and serious illnesses.

THYROID NODULE LOCATION ON ULTRASONOGRAPHY AS A PREDICTOR OF MALIGNANCY.

OBJECTIVE: The diagnostic capacity of ultrasonography (US) for differentiating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules is crucial in preventing unnecessary invasive procedures. This is the first study to evaluate whether thyroid nodule location on US has predictive value for malignancy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from 219 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy in 1 year. Patients' demographics as well as nodule's laterality, polarity, morphology, and multinodularity were analyzed. All malignant lesions were confirmed by surgical pathology. RESULTS: The majority of the patients were female (86.2%). Nodules were evenly distributed between the right lobe (46.3%) and left lobe (49.5%). Eight nodules (4.2%) were located in the isthmus. Most nodules (79.3%) were located in the lower pole, while 9.6% were located in the upper pole and 6.9% in the middle pole. Seventy-five patients (39.9%) had multiple nodules. Fourteen nodules were malignant, representing a prevalence of 7.4%. A significantly higher frequency of malignancy was observed in upper pole (22.2%) compared to lower pole (4.7%) and middle pole (15.4%). A multiple logistic regression model confirmed such association after adjusting for age, body mass index, multinodularity, and laterality. The odds of malignancy in the upper pole were 4 times higher than other locations (odds ratio, 4.6; P = .03). CONCLUSION: Our study is the first showing that thyroid nodules located in the upper pole can be considered as having higher risk for malignancy. It may enhance the predictive value of malignancy if it is included in thyroid nodule ultrasound classification guidelines. ABBREVIATIONS: AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ATA = American Thyroid Association; BMI = body mass index; FNA = fine-needle aspiration; TMS = total malignancy score; TTW = taller than wide; US = ultrasonography.