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This study investigates the relationship between body image, eating disorders, psychological characteristics, and mood and anxiety symptoms in Chilean youth, with nutritional status, particularly overweight and obesity. With a sample of 1001 participants from five regions of Chile, aged 15 to 23 years. The Eating Disorder Inventory 3 (EDI-3), the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scales (MBSRQ_AS), and the Symptom Inventory Derogatis Revised (SCL90-R) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to analyze these variables. A model including nine exogenous (independent) variables and ten endogenous variables, based on a literature review, was evaluated by path analysis. The results show a significant association between factors such as sex, family history of overweight, self-classification by weight, and body dissatisfaction with body mass index (BMI). Eating behaviors such as overeating, and lack of appetite were also found to be influenced by interpersonal sensitivity, overweight preoccupation, and drive for thinness. The study underscores the importance of promoting a positive body image and addressing overweight/obesity from a combined health psychology and public health perspective, highlighting the need for interventions that consider nutritional status, and in particular overweight and obesity, as a phenomenon with multifactorial causes and maintainers.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI)-3 test to evaluate eating disorders in young Chilean population. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,091 Chilean adolescents and young people (i.e., 476 men and 615 women) between 15 and 28 years old, from the metropolitan region, and four regions from the coast and south-central zone of the country. The reliability and factorial structure of the instrument were analyzed, replicating the confirmatory factor analyses of Brookings et al. (2020), evaluating four additional models that included bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), bifactor, and two-bifactor. Results: A majority of the subscales presented alphas and omegas equal to or greater than 0.70, with the exception of asceticism (α = 0.543, ω = 0.552) and interpersonal alienation (α = 0.684, ω = 0.695) scales, which are consistent with the values of the Spanish and Mexican non-clinical samples. The best fit indices were obtained by the ESEM two-bifactor model, with twelve specific factors corresponding to the EDI-3 subscales and two general orthogonal factors (i.e., risk subscales and psychological subscales), consistently with the theoretical basis.
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Avoidance/Restriction of Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by persistent avoidance and/or restriction of food intake, with three clinical presentations: lack of interest in food, selectivity based on sensory sensitivity, and fear of aversive consequences. The strategies used by parents during mealtimes may predispose or maintain the child's food refusal. OBJECTIVE: to determine the associa tion between parental strategies used during mealtimes and food refusal behavior in ARFID children. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional research. Non-probabilistic sampling was used for the selec tion of participants. Twenty-four parents whose children had been diagnosed with ARFID participa ted. ARFID subtypes were considered according to DSM-5 criteria: limited appetite, selective eating and fear of eating. Exclusion criteria were ARFID of organic cause and/or pervasive developmental disorders. The Child Eating Behaviors Questionnaire and the Child Feeding Questionnaire were used for data collection. RESULTS: An association was evidenced between the parental eating strategy of pressure to eat with food refusal behavior, and with child eating behaviors of emotional underfeeding (p = 0.046), slowness to eat (p = 0.016), refusal in front of food (p = 0.019) and satiety response (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Eating behaviors frequently perceived by parents with children diagnosed with ARFID are related to the dimension of negative approach towards food, such as satiety response, food refusal, slowness to eat and emotional underfeeding.
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Transtorno Alimentar Restritivo Evitativo , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Humanos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ingestão de AlimentosRESUMO
The aim of this study is to analyze the factorial structure of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) to determine the adjustment of the study structure proposed in the Spanish short version in a young, non-clinical Chilean population and to evaluate the possible influence of sex, age, and BMI on body image measurement. The sample consisted of 614 Chilean youth (259 male and 355 female) between 15 and 28 years old (M = 18.81; SE = 2.46), from the Metropolitan Region, and four regions of the coast and south-central zone of the country. The average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.5 kg/m2 (SD = 3.16). The model fit was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (WLSMV) using the following: a model with a single general factor, a model with the five factors of the original version, a five-factor ESEM model, and a MIMIC model analyzed including sex, age, and BMI. The results show that the MIMIC sex, age, and BMI model presents an acceptable fit, observing that four factors, Appearance Orientation (AO), Body Areas Satisfaction (BAS), Overweight Preoccupation (OP), and Self-Classification Weight (SCW), are affected significantly for the sex variable, one for age, Appearance Evaluation (AE), and four for BMI (AE, BAS, OP, and SCW). In conclusion, MBSRQ-AS replicates the five-dimensional structure in a non-clinical sample of young Chileans; however, their scores are not invariant as they depend on sex, age, and BMI.
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Imagem Corporal , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Psicometria , Chile , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Es importante investigar el inicio de la conducta alimentaria dadas las altas tasas de obesidad infantil a nivel mundial y en Chile. Diversas investigaciones dan importancia al rol que cumplen los padres en la formacion de hábitos alimentarios durante la primera infancia. Este trabajo pretende relacionar las características del contexto alimentario cotidiano en infancia temprana con la emocionalidad de la díada cuidador-bebé, y estilo alimentario del cuidador principal. Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Observación por jueces expertos de 29 videograbaciones de díadas cuadador-bebé en una práctica alimentaria habitual. La media de edad de los/las niños/as fue de 2,12 años (DS= 0,48), la mayoría presentan un estado nutricional normal (51,7%), y el 62% eran varones. Cuestionarios aplicados: encuesta sociodemográfica, lista de chequeo de conductas alimentarias habituales, medición de estado socioemocional del niño (CBCL y ASQ-SE), sintomatología afectiva y alimentaria del cuidador principal (DASS 21 y DEBQ ). Las conductas alimentarias problemáticas más frecuentes de los niños son: rechazar comer alimentos específicos por textura/sabor y un estado emocional tenso durante la alimentación. Los síntomas depresivos y de estrés del cuidador se asociaron significativamente con el comportamiento del menor durante la práctica alimentaria cotidiana. Se observa una relación significativa entre la percepción de los estados emocionales del niño por parte de su cuidador, un contexto no habitual para realizar la práctica alimentaria y la actitud más directiva que asume el adulto durante la interacción alimentaria. Es necesario investigar la interacción alimentaria especialmente durante los primeros años de vida, momento en que se establecen los hábitos alimentarios.
It is important to investigate the beginning of eating behavior given the high rates of child obesity that exist all around the world and in Chile. A large number of investigations give importance to the role of parents in the formation of eating habits during early childhood. This work aims to relate the characteristics of the usual feeding context in early childhood with the emotionality of the caregiverbaby dyad, and the alimentary style of the main caregiver. Descriptive, correlational and transversal study. Observation by expert judges of 29 video recordings of caregiver-baby dyad in a habitual feeding practice. The average age of the children was 2.12 years (DS = 0.48), most of them had normal nutritional status (51.7%), and 62% were males. Applied questionnaires: socio-demographic survey, checklist of habitual eating behaviors, measurement of the child's socio-emotional state (CBCL Y ASQ-SE), affective and alimentary symptomatology of the main caregiver (DASS 21 Y DEBQ ). The most frequent problematic eating behaviors of children are: Reject to eat specific foods due to texture/flavour and a tense emotional state during the feeding. The depressive and stress symptoms of the caregiver are significantly associated with the behavior of the child during the habitual feeding practice. It is noted a significant relationship between the caregiver's perception of the child's emotional state, an unusual context to perform feeding practice and the more directive attitude assumed by the adult during the alimentary interaction. It is necessary to investigate the food interaction especially during the first years of life, when eating habits are established.
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Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Cuidadores , Enquete Socioeconômica , Comportamento Alimentar , Correlação de Dados , Apego ao ObjetoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Inherited epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a genetic disorder characterized by skin fragility and unique oral features. AIMS: To provide (a) a complete review of the oral manifestations in those living with each type of inherited EB, (b) the current best practices for managing oral health care of people living with EB, (c) the current best practices on dental implant-based oral rehabilitation for patients with recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB), and (d) the current best practice for managing local anesthesia, principles of sedation, and general anesthesia for children and adults with EB undergoing dental treatment. METHODS: Systematic literature search, panel discussion including clinical experts and patient representatives from different centers around the world, external review, and guideline piloting. RESULTS: This article has been divided into five chapters: (i) general information on EB for the oral health care professional, (ii) systematic literature review on the oral manifestations of EB, (iii) oral health care and dental treatment for children and adults living with EB-clinical practice guidelines, (iv) dental implants in patients with RDEB-clinical practice guidelines, and (v) sedation and anesthesia for adults and children with EB undergoing dental treatment-clinical practice guidelines. Each chapter provides recommendations on the management of the different clinical procedures within dental practice, highlighting the importance of patient-clinician partnership, impact on quality of life, and the importance of follow-up appointments. Guidance on the use on nonadhesive wound care products and emollients to reduce friction during patient care is provided. CONCLUSIONS: Oral soft and hard tissue manifestations of inherited EB have unique patterns of involvement associated with each subtype of the condition. Understanding each subtype individually will help the professionals plan long-term treatment approaches.
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Anestesia Dentária , Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica , Epidermólise Bolhosa , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Diversos motivos inciden en que los pacientes se sometan a cirugía bariátrica para hacer frente a la obesidad. Pese a ser el procedimiento más eficaz contra el exceso de peso, existe una alta tasa de pacientes que después de la cirugía, recuperan un porcentaje importante del peso perdido. Esta re-ganancia de peso genera consecuencias médicas, físicas y psicológico-emocionales; y en muchos casos lleva a que los pacientes vuelvan a someterse a intervenciones quirúrgicas con el objetivo de reactivar la pérdida de peso. No obstante, las re-operaciones no suelen tener la misma eficacia en términos de la pérdida de peso y su mantención. Esta investigación se centra en los significados psicológicos de la experiencia de someterse a más de una intervención quirúrgica para perder peso, con el objetivo de comprender lo que implica este proceso para los pacientes, así como también las repercusiones que trae consigo someterse a más de una intervención de este tipo. La metodología que se utilizó fue cualitativa con un enfoque desde la Teoría Fundamentada y con un alcance descriptivo para comprender lo que deben vivir estos pacientes. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a cuatro mujeres y un hombre, quienes previamente se habían sometido a una intervención quirúrgica para perder peso, y luego de unos años y de haber recuperado el peso perdido se sometieron a una cirugía bariátrica. La elección de la segunda intervención se asoció a la creencia que la recuperación de peso se debió principalmente a la técnica de la primera intervención, evaluación que cambia hacia una percepción de bajo control en la alimentación, tras la re-ganancia de peso post-segunda intervención. Se observa niveles importantes de frustración tras esta segunda re-ganancia.
There are several reasons why patients choose to undergo bariatric surgery to cope with obesity. Despite being the most effective procedure against excess weight, there is a high rate of patients who, after surgery, recover a significant percentage of the weight lost. This regain of weight generates medical, physical and psychological-emotional consequences; and in many cases it leads to patients re-undergo surgery with the aim of reactivating weight loss. However, re-operations are usually not as effective in terms of weight loss and weight maintenance. This research focuses on the psychological meanings of a patient's experience of more than one surgical intervention to lose weight, with the aim of understanding what this process implies for patients, as well as the repercussions of obtaining more than one intervention of this type. The specified methodology was qualitative with an approach from the Grounded Theory and with a descriptive scope to understand what these patients must live. To carry out this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women and one man, who had previously undergone surgery to lose weight, and after a few years and having recovered the lost weight, underwent surgery. bariatric The choice of the second intervention was associated with the belief that weight recovery was mainly due to the technique of the first intervention, an evaluation that changes towards a perception of low control in the diet, after the post-weight gain second intervention. Significant levels of frustration are seen after this second regain
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Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alterações do Peso Corporal , Balão Gástrico , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Cirurgia de Second-Look/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Análise de Dados , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Obesidade/cirurgiaRESUMO
La enfermedad celiaca es la intolerancia alimentaria más común del mundo, alcanzando a un 1% de la población y su único tratamiento es una dieta libre de gluten. El objetivo del estudio, de tipo exploratorio y diseño descriptivo, es conocer la percepción que los adultos celiacos tienen sobre su alimentación, calidad de vida y socialización después de empezar el tratamiento. Se entrevistó a 8 celiacos entre 24 y 37 años. Los entrevistados describen una respuesta emocional ante su nueva alimentación, que abarca frustración, cansancio, alivio, tranquilidad, no siendo excluyentes entre sí. El tratamiento nutricional hace ganar habilidades como la cocina, lo que genera mayor consciencia sobre lo que se come. Extrañar la comida con gluten es transversal; hay quienes pueden manejarlo, otros quienes rompen el tratamiento. La calidad de vida se ve afectada por el mayor costo económico de alimentacion sin gluten, las enfermedades asociadas y los factores que facilitan la adherencia a la dieta. La socialización con el entorno es facilitada cuando al celiaco se le apoya en su tratamiento; el ocio se vuelve más escaso y difícil, llevando a la restricción social
Celiac disease is the most common food intolerance in the world, reaching a prealenve of 1% of the population and its only treatment is a gluten-free diet. The aim of the study, exploratory and descriptive design, is to know the perception that celiac adults have about their diet, quality of life and socialization after starting treatment. Eight celiacs between the ages of 24 and 37 were interviewed. The interviewees describe an emotional response to their new diet, encompassing frustration, tiredness, relief and calm. Nutritional treatment makes them gain skills like cooking, which raises awareness about what you eat. Missing gluten-food is cross-cutting, some can handle it, others break treatment. Quality of life is affected by the higher economic cost of gluten-free nutrition, associated diseases and factors that facilitate diet adherence. Socialization with the environment is facilitated when celiac people is supported in its treatment; leisure becomes scarcer and more difficult, leading to social restrictions
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Humanos , Adulto , Qualidade de Vida , Doença Celíaca/dietoterapia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Dieta Livre de Glúten/economia , Cooperação e Adesão ao TratamentoRESUMO
Las intervenciones en mindful eating están siendo cada vez más utilizadas para tratar problemáticas relacionadas con la alimentación. En población con sobrepeso y obesidad esta herramienta busca disminuir los síntomas de atracón, mejorar la regulación emocional y conciencia de los estados internos de hambre y saciedad. Objetivo: conocer la valoración y aprendizajes atribuidos al taller Mindful Eating en un grupo de mujeres en tratamiento de reducción de peso en un centro de salud privado. Método: enfoque metodológico cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio y descriptivo. Para recolectar los datos se utilizaron entrevistas en profundidad semi- estructuradas a 7 mujeres entre 22-54 años, analizadas desde el modelo de la Grounded Theory. Resultados: a partir del taller hubo cambios en el modo de relacionarse con la comida y el sí mismas. Antes del taller las participantes tenían una relación inconsciente con la comida; comer en piloto automático, comer emocional, atracones y modo de relacionarse consigo mismas desde la autocrítica y autocastigo. Posterior al taller, se describen cambios favorables en una relación consciente con la comida, destacándose mayor conexión interna, autocuidado y modo de relacionarse sí mismas autocompasivo. Discusión: las participantes tuvieron una valoración positiva del taller mindful eating, apreciando el rol contendor del grupo, ser una herramienta de utilidad y uso a largo plazo que posibilitaría un cambio hacia una relación más saludable con la comida y si mimas. Sería útil integrar esta herramienta en los programas de control de peso, monitoreando y reforzando continuamente los aprendizajes que los participantes hayan obtenido en el taller. Esta integración podría ayudar a los participantes a continuar utilizando herramienta y, al hacerlo, ayudarlos a integrar hábitos alimenticios más saludables a largo plazo.
Summary Mindful eating interventions are being increasingly used to treat eating behavior problems. In overweight and obese population this tool seeks to reduce symptoms of binge eating, improve emotional regulation, and increase awareness of hunger and satiety.Aim of the study: to investigate how a group of women in weight reduction treatment assessed a mindful eating workshop and what were the main learnings they had from the program. Method: qualitative approach with an exploratory and descriptive scope. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Participants were 7 women between 22-54 years old. The data analysis was carried out using Grounded Theory model. Results: participants in the workshop reported changes in the way they relate to the food and themselves. Before the workshop, the participants reported not being aware of their relationship to the food, eating on autopilot, eating emotionally, bingeing, and being self-critical and punishing themselves. After the workshop, participants reported changes, experiencing increased awareness of their relationship with food, greater connection to the inner-self, and increased self-care and self-compassion. Discussion: participants had a positive assessment of the minRPM Nº 11-2019.indd 798 13/12/19 12:50 LA PRENSA MÉDICA ARGENTINA Valoración y aprendizajes atribuidos al taller Mindful Eating en un grupo de mujeres en tratamiento 799 V.105/Nº11 dful eating workshop, highlighting the buffering effect of the group, considering mindfulness as a useful and long-term tool that would allow them to have a healthier relationship with food and with one-self. It would be useful to integrate this tool in weight control treatments, monitoring and reinforcing the learnings participants have from the workshop. Having this integration might help participants to continuing using the tool and, by doing that, helping them to integrate healthier eating habits in the long term.
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Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Entrevista , Educação , Sobrepeso/terapia , Comportamento Alimentar , Relatório de Pesquisa , Programas de Redução de Peso , Atenção PlenaRESUMO
Resumen Se analizó la percepción de conductas y actitudes maternas en las hijas y sus niveles de satisfacción corporal, conducta alimentaria e influencia de modelos estéticos corporales. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, transversal, intencional, no probabilístico y de bola de nieve. Veintidós díadas madre/hija (n=44) completaron el IVP, CFC, CIMEC y E-TONA. Se efectuó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, cálculo de porcentajes y coeficientes de correlación mediante el programa SPSS. Las hijas percibieron principalmente un control materno sin afecto (31,8%); en el 18,2% ambas efectuaban dieta; 40,9% de las hijas versus 22,7% de las madres mostró alteración del esquema corporal, exhibiendo malestar, en el 63,6% (hijas) versus 45,5% (madres). La sobreprotección materna percibida por las hijas fue estadísticamente significativa (r=,513; p=,015). Los niveles de satisfacción corporal en ellas (r =,694; p=,000), la preocupación ponderal (r=,612; p=,002) y la imagen corporal (r=,707; p=,000), se correlacionaron directa y significativamente con los maternos y con agentes y situaciones que difunden el modelo estético de sus madres (r=,544; p=,009 y r=,625; p=,001, respectivamente). Se observó la percepción por las hijas de un control materno sin afecto con sobre-preocupación, además de alteración del esquema corporal de madres e hijas y una significativa influencia de modelos estéticos corporales.
Perception of maternal behaviors and attitudes in daughters and their levels of body satisfaction, eating behavior and influence of body aesthetic models were analysed. A quantitative, cross-sectional, intentional, non-probabilistic and snowball approach was used. Twenty-two mother/daughter dyads (n = 44) completed the PBI, BSQ, CIMEC and E-TONA. A descriptive statistical analysis, calculation of percentages and correlation coefficients were carried out using the SPSS programme. Daughters mainly perceived maternal control without affection (31.8%); in 18.2% both were on a diet; 40.9% of daughters versus 22.7% of mothers showed alteration of body scheme, exhibiting discomfort, in 63.6% and 45.5%, respectively. Maternal overprotection perceived by daughters was statistically significant (r =0.513, p = 0.015). Levels of body satisfaction in daughters (r = 0.694; p =0.000), weight concern (r =0.612; p =0.002) and body image (r =0.707; p =0.000), were correlated directly and significantly with those of mothers and with agents and situations that broadcast the aesthetic model of their mothers (r =0.544, p =0.009 and r =0.625, p =0.001, respectively). Daughters´ perception of a maternal control without affect with over-concern was observed, in addition to alteration of body scheme in mothers and daughters and a significant influence of body aesthetic models.
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Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Percepção , Imagem Corporal , Atitude , Afeto , Comportamento Alimentar , Insatisfação Corporal , Comportamento Materno , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
RESUMEN La obesidad es un problema de salud pública, siendo especialmente importante entre mujeres jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la vivencia corporal, los hábitos saludables y regulación emocional entre mujeres jóvenes chilenas con obesidad y normopeso. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio y diseño descriptivo-analítico. Para describir la muestra se usó el Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) que mide imagen corporal, el Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) para evaluar ingesta emocional, y el Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), que mide sintomatología psicológica. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron analizadas utilizando codificación abierta de la Grounded Theory. Los resultados indican que ambos grupos presentan insatisfacción con la forma y peso de sus cuerpos, predominando en las participantes con obesidad al percibir limitaciones corporales. Las mujeres con obesidad describieron que regularon emociones negativas a través de la alimentación. Las participantes normopeso se caracterizaron por hábitos saludables, como actividad física y alimentación balanceada y en ambos grupos valorizan el cuidado del cuerpo y la estética personal, aunque sólo participantes normopeso presentaron conductas de cuidado efectivas.
ABSTRACT Obesity is a public health problem and is especially important among young women. The objective of this study was to compare the body experience, food habits and emotional regulation among young women with and without obesity. The study had a qualitative approach, was exploratory in scope and had a descriptive-analytical design. To describe the sample, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used to measure body image, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to assess emotional intake, and the Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), which measures psychological symptoms. In-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using Grounded Theory's open theory. The results indicated that both groups showed dissatisfaction with the shape and weight of their bodies, with women with obesity reporting perceived body limitations. Women with obesity reported regulating negative emotions through food. Non-obese participants reported healthy habits, such as physical activity and a balanced diet, and in both groups, body care and personal aesthetics were valued, although only non-obese participants reported effective care behaviors.
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Mulheres , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Peso Corporal Ideal , Estilo de Vida Saudável , ObesidadeRESUMO
Resumen Dada la alta prevalencia de obesidad y la pobre efectividad de los tratamientos no quirúrgicos, la cirugía bariátrica (CB) constituye una alternativa cada vez más frecuente, con implicaciones a nivel físico, psicológico y social, entre las que destacan aquellas relativas a la imagen corporal (IC). El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los cambios en la IC manifestados por mujeres jóvenes sometidas a CB. Con base a una metodología cualitativa, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas a profundidad a 10 mujeres de entre 18 y 24 años de edad. Los resultados fueron categorizados en Pre-CB: insatisfacción corporal como motivación, baja conciencia de la condición de obesidad, vergüenza por el cuerpo, frustración y dificultades con la vestimenta; y Post-CB: satisfacción corporal (SC) asociada a autoconfianza, cambio en las relaciones con pares, nuevos aspectos de la apariencia, vestimenta asociada a identidad, dificultades en la adaptación a la nueva IC y equipo de salud como apoyo para la adaptación. Se concluye que la SC es un aspecto central que incide en el bienestar individual y social. Post-CB se inicia un proceso de adaptación a un nuevo esquema corporal, con mayor SC, pero con dificultades relacionadas a la percepción corporal.
Abstract Considering the high prevalence of obesity and the lack of effective response to non-surgical treatments, bariatric surgery (BS) has been established as an increasingly frequent alternative, with implications on the physical, psychological and social level, highlighting the changes related to body image (BI). The objective of this study was to describe changes in BI expressed by young women undergoing BS. Based on a qualitative methodology, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 women between 18 and 24 years. The results were grouped in Pre-BS: body dissatisfaction as motivation, low awareness of the obesity condition, shame of the body, frustration and difficulties with dressing; and Post-BS: body satisfaction associated with self-confidence, change in peer relations, new aspects of appearance, clothing associated with identity, difficulties in adapting to a new BI, and health team as support for adaptation. It is concluded that body satisfaction is a central aspect that affects individual and social wellbeing. Post-BS begins a process of adaptation to a new body scheme, with greater body satisfaction, but with difficulties related to body perception.
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The aim of this study was to ascertain the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) for a sample of youth in Chile. Cross-sectional survey was conducted with 451 participants. A non-clinical sample of adolescents and young adults between 15 and 25 years responded the MBSRQ and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Factorial analysis identified seven factors and provided empirical evidence that supports the use of these factors to evaluate body perception in Chilean youth. Scores exhibited good reliability in three factors (over 0.80) and acceptable reliability in the other four (over 0.70). Findings suggest that the Spanish MBSRQ was psychometrically sound, with 7 factors which are largely consistent with those identified in the original version and validation study of this scale. These factors possess sufficient internal consistency to make it plausible for use in research and screening with Chilean youth, and potentially useful as an adjunctive measure in the context of clinical decision making.
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Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Satisfação Pessoal , Autoimagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Obesity is a disorder that is defined as a complex, multifactorial disease in which an increase of food intake compensates unpleasant emotional states. A qualitative, exploratory study with a sample size of 8 participants age 18 to 25 years old, in Santiago Chile was conducted through structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding. The analysis found that there is a level of affective activation in obese adolescents when overeating. The emotional response to overeating is driven by unpleasant emotions such as anxiety, anguish, loneliness and sadness; in addition to relevant events that are experienced as triggers. The participants explained that they manifest a negative association in regards to their body image thus feeling societal pressure towards their weight and appearance. It is important to offer new alternatives as well as continuing to better understand the emotional aspects of the disease in regards to understanding, treatment and prevention because of its complex nature. For future investigations, it is suggested to increase the sample size to better confirm the findings
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Hiperfagia/psicologia , Entrevistas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Emoções , Comportamento Exploratório , Manejo da Obesidade , Obesidade/psicologiaRESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar la influencia de factores sociales, específicamente de vínculos cercanos (madre, padre y pareja), sobre la vivencia del cuerpo en mujeres jóvenes con peso normal y con obesidad. Se realizó una investigación exploratoria cualitativa y se analizaron los datos a través de codificación abierta, basada en la Teoría Fundamentada. La muestra estuvo conformada por ocho mujeres, cuatro con obesidad mórbida y cuatro normopeso, entre 20 y 25 años. Los resultados confirman que la insatisfacción corporal está presente en todas las participantes independiente de su peso corporal. Las personas cercanas ejercen presión por la delgadez, la madre estaría más centrada en lo estético, mientras el padre expresaría mayor preocupación por la salud. Las participantes se muestran vulnerables a los mensajes contradictorios de la pareja, generando inseguridad. Sin embargo, la presión de los vínculos cercanos no sería suficiente para generar cambios de hábitos. Se observa ambivalencia entre la valoración de un cuerpo delgado y otro curvilíneo, ideales que se superponen y generan malestar.
The objective of this study was to describe the influence of social factors, specifically close affective bonds (mother, father and couple), on body experience in young women with obesity and normal weight. A qualitative exploratory research was carried out and data were analyzed with Grounded Theory. A sample of eight women between 20 and 25 years old participated, four of them with morbid obesity and four with normal weight. The results confirm that body dissatisfaction is present in all the participants, which is associated with the pressure to be thin exerted by the people close to them. Mothers are more centered on the aesthetic, while fathers seem to have more concern about health. Participants are vulnerable to the couple's conflicting messages, generating insecurity. However, the pressure of the environment does not seem to be enough to change the habits. Ambivalence is observed between the appreciation of a thin body and a curvilinear one at the same time, ideals that overlap and generate discomfort.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Magreza/terapia , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Entrevista , Conflito Familiar/psicologia , Peso Corporal Ideal , Influência dos Pares , Insatisfação Corporal/psicologia , Obesidade/psicologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN La tasa de cirugía bariátrica en personas cada vez más jóvenes ha ido aumentando, sin embargo, son escasos los datos sobre la evolución del funcionamiento psicosocial de población joven sometida a esta intervención. Surge la necesidad de conocer diferencias y similitudes con población adulta. Objetivo: Explorar las experiencias y necesidades pre y postoperatorias de jóvenes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en centros de salud de Chile. Método: Estudio cualitativo de alcance exploratorio/descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se aplicaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 27 jóvenes de entre 18 y 27 años sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la técnica de codificación abierta de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Se identifican cuatro categorías respecto a la evolución del proceso operatorio, incluyendo: historial de obesidad, motivos de consulta, vivencias postoperatorias, y factores ambientales y personales facilitadores del proceso. Discusión: Los participantes exhiben, en general, experiencias similares a las reportadas por adultos. No obstante, se evidencian elementos específicos al contexto y etapa evolutiva de la juventud, que son necesarios de considerar en el acompañamiento profesional y familiar pre y postoperatorio a corto y largo plazo.
ABSTRACT The rate of bariatric surgery has increased in younger populations, nonetheless data about the psychosocial evolution of young adults who undergo this intervention is scarce. Thus, there is a need to understand the differences and similarities of experiences compared with older adults. Aim: To explore pre- and post-operative experiences and needs of young adults who underwent bariatric surgery in health care centers in Chile. Method: Cross-sectional qualitative study with an exploratory/descriptive scope. We interviewed 27 young adults between 18 and 27 years old, who underwent bariatric surgery. Data were analyzed using open coding technique from grounded theory. Results: Four categories regarding the evolution of the operative process were identified. These included: obesity history, surgery motives, postoperative experiences, as well as environmental and personal facilitators of the process. Discussion: Participants, in general, showed similar experiences compared to the ones reported by adults. Nonetheless, we found specific elements of the developmental period and age-specific context, which are necessary to consider for the short- and long-term pre- and post-operative professional and family support.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pacientes , Centros de Saúde , Adolescente , Cirurgia Bariátrica , Adulto Jovem , Período Pós-Operatório , Período Pré-Operatório , ObesidadeRESUMO
Resumen La imagen corporal es un constructo multidimensional, dinámico e influido socialmente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la vivencia acerca de la imagen corporal de mujeres con obesidad tipo I después de dos-cinco años de haber sido sometidas a cirugía bariátrica. En este estudio cualitativo, de carácter descriptivo, participaron 20 mujeres (21-49 años de edad) con obesidad tipo I, 13 de ellas con reganancia de peso. Los datos fueron recabados a través de entrevista semiestructurada, y se analizaron en función de seis categorías: emociones asociadas al cuerpo, satisfacción corporal y zonas de agrado/desagrado, evitación de actividades cotidianas por la figura, cohibición por el cuerpo con sexo opuesto y/o personas en general, comparación con otras mujeres respecto a la figura y percepción asociada al peso mínimo. Con relación a las pacientes que no reganaron peso, presentan una emocionalidad fundamentalmente positiva y de satisfacción general con su imagen corporal. Como conclusión general, se identifica un incremento de la satisfacción corporal, dada la disminución del volumen corporal; sin embargo la insatisfacción persiste, desplazándose a zonas y aspectos específicos del cuerpo. Por tanto, se confirma que la disminución de peso no necesariamente predice la reducción de la insatisfacción corporal.
Abstract Body image is a multidimensional, dynamic and socially influenced construct. The aim of this research was to analyze the experiences associated to body image in women with obesity type I after two-five years undergoing bariatric surgery. In this qualitative-descriptive study were included 20 women (21 -49 years old) with obesity type I, 13 of them with regaining weight. Data were obtained through semi-structured interview and was analyzed based on six categories: Emotions associated with body, body satisfaction and like/dislike with body parts, avoidance of daily activities because of the body figure, discomfort with the own body with the opposite sex/general people, comparison with other women considering the body figure, and perception associated to the minimum weight. Regarding the patients who did not regain weight, they have a positive emotionality and general satisfaction with their body image. As a general conclusion, an increase in body satisfaction was identified, due to the decrease in body volume. However, the dissatisfaction persists, moving to specific areas and aspects of the body. Therefore, it is confirmed that body weight reduction does not necessarily predict the reduction of body dissatisfaction.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a chronic and growing problem. Its study requires the understanding of multiple associated variables. Body image has an important role in the health condition. The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of body image of young normal weight and overweight/obese people. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 376 young men and women aged 18 to 25 was compared. Body mass index classified them in two groups: normal weight and overweight/obese. To evaluate body image participants answered the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). To evaluate eating behavior they answered the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3). RESULTS: Overweight/obese young people are less satisfied with their appearance and their body when it is evaluated separately. They evaluate their physical condition and their physical abilities badly. They show fewer behaviors intended to maintain or improve their physical appearance, perceive a worse diagnosis of their health and show less body satisfaction. They are more concerned about their weight and they are obsessed about thinness. In addition, women, compared to men, have a worse negative assessment of their body image. CONCLUSION: Despite the low assessment that overweight/obese students made in relation to their body, they are not willing to perform activities that allow them to change their condition. Further research is needed in order to develop preventive programs and more treatments that are effective.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la obesidad es un problema crónico y en aumento. Su estudio requiere comprender múltiples variables asociadas. La imagen corporal tiene un papel importante en esta condición de salud. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la percepción de imagen corporal de jóvenes normopeso y con sobrepeso/obesidad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se comparó a 376 jóvenes de ambos sexos, de una muestra general y sin tratamiento, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad, clasificados por su índice de masa corporal en dos grupos: grupo normopeso y grupo sobrepeso u obesidad. Para evaluar imagen corporal, los participantes respondieron el Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) y el Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3). RESULTADOS: los participantes con sobrepeso/obesidad están menos satisfechos con su apariencia y con su cuerpo cuando este es evaluado por partes, evalúan peor su estado físico y/o sus capacidades físicas, presentan menos conductas orientadas a mantener o mejorar su forma física, perciben un peor diagnóstico de su salud y tienen menor satisfacción corporal. Asimismo, están más preocupados por su peso, se autoclasifican más por su peso y presentan una mayor obsesión por la delgadez. Además, las mujeres, en comparación con los hombres, presentan una evaluación más negativa de su imagen corporal. CONCLUSIÓN: a pesar de la mala evaluación que los estudiantes con sobrepeso/obesidad realizan en relación a su cuerpo, no están dispuestos a realizar actividades concretas que les permitan cambiar su estado. Es necesario seguir investigando con el fin de desarrollar programas preventivos y de tratamiento más efectivos.
Assuntos
Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Peso Corporal , Obesidade/psicologia , Sobrepeso/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Caracteres Sexuais , Magreza , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción: la obesidad es un problema crónico y en aumento. Su estudio requiere comprender múltiples variables asociadas. La imagen corporal tiene un papel importante en esta condición de salud. El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la percepción de imagen corporal de jóvenes normopeso y con sobrepeso/obesidad. Material y métodos: se comparó a 376 jóvenes de ambos sexos, de una muestra general y sin tratamiento, de entre 18 y 25 años de edad, clasificados por su índice de masa corporal en dos grupos: grupo normopeso y grupo sobrepeso u obesidad. Para evaluar imagen corporal, los participantes respondieron el Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) y el Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3). Resultados: los participantes con sobrepeso/obesidad están menos satisfechos con su apariencia y con su cuerpo cuando este es evaluado por partes, evalúan peor su estado físico y/o sus capacidades físicas, presentan menos conductas orientadas a mantener o mejorar su forma física, perciben un peor diagnóstico de su salud y tienen menor satisfacción corporal. Asimismo, están más preocupados por su peso, se autoclasifican más por su peso y presentan una mayor obsesión por la delgadez. Además, las mujeres, en comparación con los hombres, presentan una evaluación más negativa de su imagen corporal. Conclusión: a pesar de la mala evaluación que los estudiantes con sobrepeso/obesidad realizan en relación a su cuerpo, no están dispuestos a realizar actividades concretas que les permitan cambiar su estado. Es necesario seguir investigando con el fin de desarrollar programas preventivos y de tratamiento más efectivos (AU)
Introduction: Obesity is a chronic and growing problem. Its study requires the understanding of multiple associated variables. Body image has an important role in the health condition. The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of body image of young normal weight and overweight/obese people. Material and methods: A sample of 376 young men and women aged 18 to 25 was compared. Body mass index classified them in two groups: normal weight and overweight/obese. To evaluate body image participants answered the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). To evaluate eating behavior they answered the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-3). Results: Overweight/obese young people are less satisfied with their appearance and their body when it is evaluated separately. They evaluate their physical condition and their physical abilities badly. They show fewer behaviors intended to maintain or improve their physical appearance, perceive a worse diagnosis of their health and show less body satisfaction. They are more concerned about their weight and they are obsessed about thinness. In addition, women, compared to men, have a worse negative assessment of their body image. Conclusion: Despite the low assessment that overweight/obese students made in relation to their body, they are not willing to perform activities that allow them to change their condition. Further research is needed in order to develop preventive programs and more treatments that are effective (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Imagem Corporal , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/dietoterapia , Satisfação Pessoal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Inquéritos e Questionários , Saúde de GêneroRESUMO
El tratamiento para los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario debiera ser multidisciplinario, pudiendo complementarse con nuevas técnicas. Algunos estudios muestran que con la práctica de yoga estas pacientes se sienten mejor con sus cuerpos, captan mejor sus sensaciones, tienen actitudes más sanas hacia la comida y se sienten más satisfechas consigo mismas. Este estudio busca conocer y describir la experiencia de la práctica de Kundalini yoga en mujeres diagnosticadas con anorexia nerviosa o bulimia nerviosa. Se implementó una intervención de ocho sesiones de Kundalini yoga en una muestra de nueve pacientes. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo de carácter cualitativo, basado en los procedimientos de la Teoría Fundamentada, utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas y autorreportes escritos. Los datos fueron analizados usando codificación abierta, agrupándolos en seis categorías: 1. Cambio a una visión positiva, 2. Valoración de sí mismas, 3. Apertura a la experiencia de emociones y sensaciones, 4. Desarrollo de capacidades psicológicas, 5. Cambios frente al proceso de recuperación y 6. Relevancia de la intervención para el proceso de recuperación. Fueron relevantes los beneficios de la práctica de Kundalini yoga reportados por las participantes, lo que fundamenta la pertinencia de incluir esta intervención en el tratamiento multidisciplinario de los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario.
Treatment for eating disorders should be multidisciplinary and may be complemented by new techniques. Some studies have shown that yoga practice make patients feel better with their bodies, improve their sensations, have healthier attitudes towards food and feel more satisfied with themselves. This study seeks to know and describe the practical experience of Kundalini yoga in women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The intervention consisted of eight sessions of Kundalini yoga with a sample of nine women. The design was descriptive with a qualitative approach, based on the Grounded Theory, using semi-structured interviews and written self-reports. The data was analyzed using open coding and the main results were grouped in six categories: 1. Change to a positive view, 2. Appreciation of themselves, 3. Opening up to the experience of new emotions and sensations, 4. Development of psychological capabilities, 5. Changes in the recovery process, and 6. Relevance of the workshop to the recovery process. In conclusion, the patients reported as relevant the benefits of the practice of Kundalini yoga, which grounds the importance of including this intervention in the multidisciplinary treatment of eating disorders.