SEOM clinical practice guideline: management and prevention of febrile neutropenia in adults with solid tumors (2018)

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy, with a profound impact on the evolution of patients with cancer, due to the potential development of serious complications, mortality, delays, and decrease in treatment intensity. This article seeks to present an updated clinical guideline, with recommendations regarding the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of febrile neutropenia in adults with solid tumors. The aspects covered include how to properly approach the risk of microbial resistances, epidemiological aspects, considerations about the initial empirical approach adapted to the risk, special situations, and prevention of complications. A decision-making algorithm is included for use in the emergency department based on a new, validated tool, the Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia, which can be used in patients with solid tumors who appear stable in the initial phase of neutropenic infections, and can help detect those at high risk for complications in whom early discharge must be avoided

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Performance of the clinical index of stable febrile neutropenia (CISNE) in different types of infections and tumors

Purpose. The clinical index of stable febrile neutropenia (CISNE) can contribute to patient safety without increasing the complexity of decision-making. However, febrile neutropenia (FN) is a diverse syndrome. The aim of this analysis is to assess the performance of CISNE according to the type of tumor and infection and to characterize these patients. Methods. We prospectively recruited 1383 FN episodes in situations of apparent clinical stability. Bonferroni-adjusted z tests of proportions were used to assess the association between the infections suspected at the time of onset and the type of tumor with the risk of serious complications and mortality. The performance of CISNE was appraised in each category using the Breslow-Day test for homogeneity of odds ratios and Forest Plots. Results. 171 patients had a serious complication (12.3 %, 95 % confidence interval 10.7-14.2 %). The most common initial assumptive diagnoses were: fever without focus (34.5 %), upper respiratory infection (14.9 %), enteritis (12.7 %), stomatitis (11.8 %), and acute bronchitis (10.7 %). Lung and breast were the most common tumors, accounting for approximately 56 % of the series. The distribution of complications, mortality, and bacteremia varies for each of these categories. However, Breslow-Day tests indicate homogeneity of the odds ratio of the dichotomized CISNE score to predict complications in all infection and tumor subtypes. Conclusion. Despite FN’s clinical and microbiological heterogeneity, the CISNE score was seen to be consistent and robust in spite of these variations. Hence, it appears to be a safe tool in seemingly stable FN (AU)

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Hemocultivos... ¿Qué te han contado y qué haces? / Blood cultures... What they tell you and what you do

Objetivo: Objetivo principal: Conocer la variabilidad práctica de los enfermeros/as (DUE's) del Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado, sobre la técnica para la extracción de hemocultivo. Objetivos específicos: Determinar las condiciones de asepsia/ esterilidad de la técnica. Establecer la utilización (desinfección, orden de llenado, volumen, cambio de aguja) de los frascos de hemocultivos. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en el Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado. Ha consistido en la entrega de un cuestionario para autocumplimentación a los profesionales de enfermería, donde se han incluido variantes tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas. Resultados: Se han recogido 52,9% encuestas de los 363 DUE's del centro hospitalario, con una experiencia profesional media de 12,9 años [DE±7,9]. El 57,8% cree que no es necesario técnica estéril para el procedimiento. 94,7% utiliza un único antiséptico. 78,6% afirman que en la extracción de acceso venoso central desecha los primeros 10cc que extrae. Conclusiones: Consideramos un alto índice de respuesta, ya que es superior al 40% para cuestionarios autocumplimentados. Hemos observado que la mayoría de DUE's utilizan técnica aséptica y en los protocolos estudiados no existe un consenso entre la utilización de técnica estéril y aséptica. Este estudio nos revela que la mayoría de los DUE's utilizan un único antiséptico, sin embargo la mayoría de los protocolos recomiendan la utilización primero de alcohol y luego povidona yodada para la desinfección de la piel (AU)

Aims: Main aim: To ascertain differences in nurses at the Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado, in blood extraction and blood culture techniques. Specific aims: To determine the asepsis/sterility conditions of the technique; to establish the use (disinfection, filling order, volume, needle change) of the blood culture vials. Method: Transversal descriptive study made at the Hospital General Nuestra Señora del Prado. A self-completion questionnaire including quantitative and qualitative variants was delivered to nursing professionals. Results: 52.9% of the questionnaires were collected from the 363 DUE's at the hospital. Mena working experience was 12.9 years [DE±7,9]. 57,8% believe sterile technique for the procedure was not necessary. 94.7% use a single antiseptic. 78.6% stated that they discard the first 10 cc extracted from the central vein. Conclusions: We consider that the response is high, with over 40% of the questionnaires being completed. We observed that most DUE's use aseptic techniques and in the protocols studied there was no consensus about the use of sterilization and septic techniques. The study reveals that the majority of the DUE's use a single antiseptic, even though most protocols recommend the use of alcohol, followed by povidone.iodine to disinfect the skin (AU)