Geriatric care-related outcomes in patients 75 years and older admitted to a pulmonary disease center and predictors for hospital-related complications.

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of targeted interventions, administered through comprehensive geriatric assessments on the incidence of hospitalization-related complications among older adults diagnosed with pulmonary diseases. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records encompassed individuals aged 75 years and older who were admitted to a lung center during the period spanning from March to June 2023. These admissions occurred in a context where standardized geriatric management protocols were systematically implemented. This study's scope extended to assessing the prevalence of hospital-related complications, encompassing delirium and pressure ulcers. A rigorous multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to discern and characterize associated factors. Results: The integration of comprehensive geriatric assessment yielded a substantial reduction in in-hospital complications among the cohort of 118 patients (mean age : 82.1 ± 5.6 years, 44.5% women). The incidence of delirium decreased from 53.3% to 21.8% [odds ratio (OR): 0.246, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.134-0.450, p < 0.001], whereas the presence of pressure ulcers decreased from 43.9% to 25% (OR: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.217-0.715, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis uncovered independent associations between delirium and variables including community-acquired pneumonia (OR: 4.417, 95% CI : 1.574-12.395, p = 0.005), severe disability (OR: 2.981, 95% CI: 1.140-7.798, p = 0.026), and hearing loss (OR: 3.219, 95% CI : 1.260-8.170, p = 0.014). Prolonged hospital stays emerged as the sole factor significantly associated with pressure ulcers (OR: 1.071, 95% CI: 1.033-1.109). Furthermore, an intricate bidirectional relationship was evident between delirium and pressure ulcers (OR: 7.158, 95% CI: 2.962-17.300, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In conjunction with its consequent interventions, geriatric evaluation assumes a pivotal role in ameliorating adverse outcomes stemming from hospitalization among older adults afflicted with pulmonary ailments. This role gains particular salience among subpopulations characterized by heightened susceptibility, such as individuals coping with hearing loss and severe disability.

Geriatric principles for patients with cancer / Princípios geriátricos para pacientes com câncer

Cancer is primarily a disease of older persons. Given the heterogeneity of aging, physiological age, rather than chronological age, better expresses the cumulative effect of environmental, medical, and psychosocial stressors, which modifies life expectancy. Comprehensive geriatric assessment, a tool that helps ascertain the physiological age of older individuals, is the gold standard for assessing older adults with cancer. Several international organizations recommend using the geriatric assessment domains to identify unrecognized health problems that can interfere with treatment and predict adverse health-related outcomes, aiding complex treatment decision making. More recently, it has been shown that geriatric assessment-guided interventions improve quality of life and mitigate treatment toxicity without compromising survival. In this review, we discuss the role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in cancer care for older adults and provide the reader with useful information to assess potential treatment risks and benefits, anticipate complications, and plan interventions to better care for older people with cancer.

O câncer é principalmente uma doença de pessoas idosas. Diante da heterogeneidade do envelhecimento, a idade fisiológica expressa, melhor do que a idade cronológica, o efeito cumulativo dos estressores ambientais, médicos e psicossociais que modificam a expectativa de vida. A avaliação geriátrica ampla é uma ferramenta que ajuda a determinar a idade fisiológica de um indivíduo idoso e o padrão ouro para avaliar idosos com câncer. Diversas organizações internacionais recomendam considerar os domínios da avaliação geriátrica a fim de identificar problemas de saúde não reconhecidos capazes de interferir no tratamento, e prever resultados adversos relacionados à saúde, auxiliando na complexa tomada de decisão do tratamento. Mais recentemente, intervenções direcionadas com base na avaliação geriátrica também demonstraram melhorar a qualidade de vida e mitigar a toxicidade do tratamento, sem comprometer a sobrevida. Nesta revisão discutimos o papel da avaliação geriátrica ampla no tratamento do câncer para idosos e fornecemos ao leitor informações úteis para avaliar os riscos e benefícios potenciais do tratamento, antecipar complicações e intervir para melhor cuidar dos idosos com câncer