[Cytochemical ultrastructural study of adenosine 5'monophosphate hydrolysis in human spermatozoa]. / Etude cytochimique ultrastructurale de l'hydrolyse de l'adenosine 5'monophosphate dans le spermatozoide humain.

A specific 5'nucleotidase activity (pH 7.4) is localized by cytochemical technics, in the head (nuclear membrane, periacrosomal cytoplasm) and in the mitochondrial membrane of human spermatozoa. The effect of different effectors (manganese, nickel, fluoride, tartrate, tetramisole), studied in the head by rate assessment of cells with or without hydrolysis sites, changes the cellular distribution, the depth of reactions and their localization. The 5'nucleotidase interferences with some unspecific phosphatases are discussed.

[Subcutaneous grafts of fresh or cryopreserved testis in castrated rats and mice: comparison of the histologic aspects of the grafts]. / Greffe sous-cutanée de testicule frais ou cryoconservé chez le Rat et la Souris castrés: étude comparative de l'aspect histologique des greffons.

In the castrated rat, only testis taken in one to two week-old donors observed three months after sub-cutaneous isograft contain a well developed interstitial tissue and some seminiferous tubules with germinal cells. On the contrary in castrated mice, testicular grafts taken in adult animals show some Leydig cells and degenerating seminiferous tubules. These grafts permit the restoration of androgenic activity in previously castrated recipients.

[Modification of splenic 5'-nucleotidase activity during proliferative processes in the spleen. Histoenzymatic study in the rat]. / Modification de l'activité 5'nucléotidasique splénique au cours de processus prolifératifs siégeant dans la rate. Etude histoenzymatique chez le rat.

In the rat spleen, periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath and the external area of the germinal center in the white pulp and the Billroth's cords in the red pulp possess a strong 5'Nucleotidase activity. During antigenic stimulation a lymphocyte proliferation occurs in the white pulp, while 5'Nucleotidase activity is weak. In the germinal center there is inverse relationship between development of the mitotic internal area and the 5'Nucleotidase external zone. Likewise in the myeloid metaplasia of the red pulp induced by fibrosarcoma development, the 5'Nucleotidase of the Billroth's cords is decreased. 5'Nucleotidase might exert a negative control on cell proliferation probably through adenosine production. On the other hand this enzymatic activity might gave back available nucleosides for cellular proliferation, lymphocytes being especially impermeable to nucleotides.

[Effect of an acidic sulfated polysaccharide on whole blood coagulability. In vivo study in rats]. / Action d'un polysaccharide sulfaté acide sur la coagulabilité globale du sang. Etude in vivo chez le rat.

Armatan, an acid sulphated polysaccharide isolated from a red marine seaweed Asparagopsis armata (Harv.), increases the coagulation time of the rat plasma in vivo assays. This property presents, with administration, time and dose, some variations. Among the three ways studied, subcutaneous injection gives more interesting results than the others. At high concentrations (10, 20 and 50 mg/kg), intravenous administration induces plasma and organic (liver-spleen) diseases.

[Failures at in vitro fertilization: electron microscopic studies of unfertilized oocytes and undivided ova]. / Les échecs de la fécondation in vitro: étude au microscope électronique des ovocytes non fécondés et des oeufs non divisés.

We have examined by electron microscopy the non fertilized oocytes and the non divided eggs after assay of in vitro fertilization. We have observed three blocking points; 1) absence of fusion of the gametes, either because of oocyte immaturity or over-maturity, either because of spermatozoa phagocytosis by follicle cells transformed in phagocytic cells, in presence of intra or extra-cellular bacteria; 2) fusion of the gametes but absence of spermatic nucleus decondensation; 3) fusion of the gametes and pronuclei formation but absence of amphimixy. Two causes are evident: failure of oocyte maturation in vivo or in vitro, and bacterial contamination problems after female or male infra-clinical infections.

[Effects of a fixed mixture of lactate, glucose and phosphate on the survival of human spermatozoa]. / Effet d'un mélange déterminé de lactate, glucose et phosphate sur la survie des spermatozoïdes humains.

It is admitted that selection of human motile spermatozoa improves chances of conception by homologous artificial insemination. Effect of media constituted by different concentrations of glucose, lactate and phosphate in the maintenance of vitality and forward motility (positively correlated with penetrating capacity) was studied in human spermatozoa after washing. Lactate optimal concentrations appear necessary in the maintenance of progressive motility. The vitality is little affected in the various media. To complete this minimum medium various substances known to improve spermatozoa survival should be added. This complete media should allow to dispose of suitable spermatozoa suspensions during several days permitting many inseminations by cycle.

[Survival of motile spermatozoa in a medium based on lactate, glucose and phosphate]. / Survie des spermatozoïdes mobiles dans un milieu à base de lactate, glucose et phosphate.

Suspensions of motile human spermatozoa, plasma seminal-free, were incubated several days into synthetic medium (C2) with lactate, glucose and phosphate as principal components. Maintenance of forward motility was compared in C2 medium and in known B2 I.N.R.A. medium. C2 medium entertain survival of motile spermatozoa during some days at 20 degrees C. This method of conservation should allow many homologous artificial inseminations by ovulatory cycle avoiding injurious effects of repeated ejaculations or low-temperature conservation.

[In vitro effects of preovulatory human follicular liquid on migration of human spermatozoa]. / Effets in vitro du liquide folliculaire humain préovulatoire sur la migration des spermatozoïdes humains.

In vitro measurements of spermatozoa migration in different media showed a 75% increase in the number of spermatozoa migrating into preovulatory human follicular fluid versus Menezo's fluid. However after 4 h storage in either medium, total and progressive motility of the spermatozoa was lower in follicular fluid than in Menezo's fluid. A positive correlation was evident between the spermatozoa migration in follicular fluid and the concentration or motility of spermatozoa in fresh sperm.

[Selection of motile spermatozoa from human sperm by migration in follicular fluid]. / Sélection de spermatozoïdes mobiles à partir du sperme humain par migration dans du liquide folliculaire.

Using the property of human follicular fluid activation or "attraction" of human spermatozoa, a number of motile and active sperm was isolated from a sample of generally deficient sperm. The objective was to improve the success of artificial insemination of the conjoint. It was shown that it is possible to collect a much higher number of spermatozoa in the follicular fluid than in Menezzo's fluid. Taking into account the known toxicity of follicular fluid, the best results, based on number and motility were obtained with an mixture of follicular fluid and Menezzo's fluid in the ratio of 1:1.

[Characteristics of the action of an acidic sulfated polysaccharide on global blood coagulation in vitro. Preliminary study in various species of mammals and in man]. / Particularités de l'action d'un polysaccharide sulfaté acide sur la coagulation globale du sang in vitro. Etude préliminaire chez différentes espèces de Mammifères dont l'Homme.

An acid sulphated polysaccharide, isolated from a red marine seaweed, Asparagopsis armata ( Harv .), increases the coagulation time of the plasma in vitro studies. This property, compared with the anticoagulant activity of pentosan polysulphate and heparin, pr esents , with concentration and temperature, some variations in man and other mammals . The rat and human plasma seem to behave in the same way with this substance.

[Effects of a polysaccharide extracted from a red alga (Bonnemaisonales) on mononucleate phagocytes in several rodents]. / Effects d'un polysaccharide extrait d'une algue rouge (Bonnemaisionaile) sur les phagocytes mononuclees de quelques rongeurs.

"Armatan" an acidic sulfated polysaccharide isolated from a red algae (Asparagopsis Armata), has a marked affinity for the Mononuclear Phagocytes System. Its activity seems fairly well established. Indeed, it sets off a series of evolutionary cellular processes beginning with an accumulation of monocytes at the inflammatory injection site; these cells are then replaced by macrophages over several weeks which are progressively substituted by fibroblasts, thereby inducing a final fibro-cicatricial reaction. The inductive effect of Armatan in this cellular evolution is discussed.

[Hematopoiesis and changes in the RES of the spleen pulp in fibrosarcoma-bearing rats]. / Hématopoièse et modifications du SRE de la pulpe splénique du rat porteur d'un fibro-sarcome.

The transplantable fibrosarcoma of the Rat gives birth to different modifications in the splenic structures, and a strong perturbation is found within the enzymatic activities. The macrophages have an altered acid phosphatase activity. This is in marked contrast to the increase in number of the alkaline phosphatase polymorphonuclear cells, which are originated from myeloid areas in the red pulp. Lymphoïd-reticular cells, possessing one 5'nucleotidase activity, seem to be responsible, possibly, by forming numerous clonal systems during the development of this fibrosarcoma. The role of this separate system is discussed.

[Hormone dependence of 5'-nucleotidase histochemically detected during the development of the epididymis of the rat after birth]. / Hormono-dépendance de la 5'nucléotidase révélée histochimiquement au cours du développement de l'épididyme du rat après la naissance.

5'nucleotidase activity of the apical border of the epididymal epithelium appears towards the end of the second week during postnatal development. This activity is in correlation with the activity of testicular hormone. Bilateral castration modifies it and testosterone restores this activity.

[Action of testosterone on 5'nucleotidase activity in the rat epididymal epithelium]. / Action de la testosterone sur l'activité 5'nucléotidasique de l'épithelium épididymaire du rat.

The epididymal epithelium of the rat has a 5'nucleotidasic activity, which is located in the basal cells and in the apical border of the principal cells. After bilateral castration, the pattern of this enzymatic activity is modified, but it is restored by a testosterone treatment. Bilateral castration abolished the apical activity of the epithelium, while the basal cells remained active. However different migratory aspects of basal cells seem to show their participation in the secretory function of the epithelium. Testosterone thus appears as a regulator for the basal cells activity and this would explain its role in the epididymal function.

[Cells with phosphatase activity in the walls of subcutaneous capillaries from normal and inflamed rat tissue]. / Des cellules à activités phosphatasiques de la paroi des capillaires du tissu sous-cutané normal et inflammatoire du rat.

In the wall of rat's capillary blood vessels the adenosine triphosphatase is located on the endothelium, the 5'nucleotidase on the perithelial cells. The perithelial cells activities are strong during the inflammatory state, but at the beginning of the phenomenon the nucleotidasic cells become free into the oedematous tissue by preceding and accompagning the fibroblastic differenciation cells.

[Species characteristics connected with the distribution of reticular cells with predominant enzymatic activity of the white pulp of the spleen of various rodents]. / Caractères d'espèces liés à la distribution des cellules réticulaires à activité enzymatique prédominante de la pulpe blanche splénique de quelques rongeurs.

The histo-enzymatic comparative study of the reticular cells of some rodents' spleens (Rat, Guinea-Pig, Rabbit), shows many differences between these species. Three cell types can be seen; the phosphatasic type is phagocytic and derives from the M.P.S. system, the 5'nucleotidasic is not a phagocytic cell and probably comes from the vascular perithelium, the ATPasic cell is, perhaps, an endothelial cell. These different cells are not equaly distributed in the splenic parenchyma of all animals but one type can be lacking.

[Histo-enzymatic activities of the peritoneal serosa covering the splenic capsule in various rodents]. / Activities histo-enzymatiques de la sereuse peritoneale recouvrant la capsule splenique chez quelques rongeurs

The peritoneal cells of the splenic capsule have no phosphatasic acid acitivity in the three species studied. However they have an ATPasic acitivity in the Rat and the Rabbit's spleen, and a 5'nucleotidasic activity in the Guinea-Pig. These cells are not phagocytic and probably have different origins according to the species.

[Appearance of phosphatase reticular cells in the spleen parenchyme of normal and tumor-bearing mice]. / Comportement des cellules réticulaires phosphatasiques dans le parenchyme splénique de la souris normale et porteuse de tumeur

The splenic mouse parenchyma presents 3 reticular cells types revealed by histo-enzymatic technics: the phagocytic cells show a strong phosphatasic acid activity, the endothelial cells possess a phosphatasic alcalin or adenosine-triphosphatasic reaction, the perithelial cells are 5' nucleotidasic. These different cells are distributed by forming specific topographic structures in the splenic tissue. The phosphatasic alcalin reticular cells seem to be, with their distribution, characteristic elements of mouse spleen. Indeed the modifications in tumoral animal interest chiefly this cell category. In this case, the reticular cells form a deep and large membrane between marginal zone and perivascular lymphoid sheath of the white pulp. These different reticular cells probably react for the defense system of the animal.

[The effect of cortisone on lympho-reticular cells with specific enzyme activity of the white pulp of rat spleen]. / Les particularités de l'action cortisonique sur des éléments lympho-réticulaires à activité enzymatique spécifique de la pulpe blanche splénique du rat

By its destructive effect on the small lymphocyte, cortisone was used to separate the T-lymphocyte from other cells which might be found in the same areas. A reticular cell showing a predominant 5' nucleotidasic activity distinct from that of the phosphatasic acid appeared to be a component of the thymus-dependent areas in the splenic white pulp of Rat. Specific correlations seem to exist between this reticular cell and T-lymphocytes. This histoenzymatic feature involves the reticular cell in the process of maturation of the small lymphocyte.

[Changes induced with cyclophosphamide in the lympho-reticular elements with specific enzymatic activities of the splenic white pulp in rats and guinea-pigs]. / Altérations provoquées par l'action du cyclophosphamide sur les elements lympho-réticulaires à activités enzymatiques spécifiques de la pulpe blanche splénique du rat et du cobaye

The effect of cyclophosphamide, one potent immunosupressor drug, was used to differenciate the behaviour of two types of Reticular cells, the phosphatasic acid and the 5'nucleotidasic cells. The first exhibit macrophagic and migratory properties, the second are devoid of these criteria but remain associated with the presence of T-lymphocytes. This suggests its possible role in the nutrition and the differential evolution of T-lymphocytes.