Tattoos: risks and complications, clinical and histopathological approach.

BACKGROUND: Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics. METHODS: An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "tattoo", "complications", and "skin". No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles. RESULTS: Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group. CONCLUSIONS: Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications.

Sarcoma de la vena pulmonar / Sarcoma of the pulmonary vein

Resumen Los sarcomas son neoplasias primarias, cuya ubicación es rara en grandes vasos y excepcional en las venas pulmonares. Los dos tipos más frecuentes en las venas pulmonares son el leiomiosarcoma y el fibrosarcoma, con una distribución alrededor de la cuarta a la quinta décadas de vida, un pronóstico de 23 meses y 60% de metástasis al momento del diagnóstico. La presentación clínica es inespecífica ya que simula situaciones como embolia pulmonar, falla cardiaca descompensada y masa en la aurícula izquierda. Para su diagnóstico se cuenta con diferentes herramientas, como la ecocardiografía, la tomografía computarizada, la angiografía coronaria, la resonancia magnética y la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET TC). El tratamiento incluye resección quirúrgica radical, manejo adyuvante con quimioterapia y radioterapia, e incluso, en casos seleccionados, trasplante de corazón. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico inicial de embolia pulmonar, con un episodio de edema pulmonar secundario a masa en la aurícula izquierda y extensión de un sarcoma de vena pulmonar derecha, con desenlace fatal. Se aporta a la literatura con el caso y la revisión de tema.

Abstract Sarcomas are primary neoplasms, whose location is rare in large vessels and in the pulmonary veins is exceptional. The two most frequent types in the pulmonary vein are leiomyosarcoma and fibrosarcoma, distribution around 4 and 5 decades of life, with a prognosis of 23 months and 60% metastasis at the time of diagnosis. The clinical presentation is nonspecific simulating situations such as pulmonary embolism, decompensated heart failure and mass in the left atrium. Different tools are available for its diagnosis, like echocardiography, computed tomography, coronary angiography, magnetic resonance imaging and PET CT. Treatment includes radical surgical resection, adjuvant therapy with chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, even heart transplantation in selected cases. It is presented the case of a patient with an initial diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, with an episode of pulmonary edema secondary to a mass in the left atrium, extension of a sarcoma of the right pulmonary vein, with a fatal outcome. We contributed to the literature with the case and review of theme.