Does the addition of metformin to carboplatin treatment decreases ovarian reserve damage associated with carboplatin usage?

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine whether adding metformin to carboplatin treatment would reduce the damage to ovarian reserve associated with carboplatin use. METHODS: We included 35 adult female non-pregnant albino Wistar rats approximately three months old, weighing 220-310 g. The rats were divided into five groups of seven rats according to the treatment they received. Carboplatin and salin was given to Group 2, and carboplatin plus metformin was given to Group 3. Group 4 was administered only metformin. Group 5 was administered only salin. Carboplatin was given to Groups 2 and 3 as a single dose on the 15th day, while metformin was given to Groups 3 and 4 during the 28-day experiment. After oophorectomy, histopathologic analyses of primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary Graff follicles according to the epithelial cells surrounding the oocyte and total follicular number were conducted per section. Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH), tissue catalase, and malonyl dialdehyde levels were measured and compared within each group. RESULTS: The baseline and 15th-day serum AMH values of the menstrual cycle were compared among the groups, and no statistically significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Group 3, which was given both carboplatin and metformin, had statistically significantly higher 28th-day AMH levels than Group 2, which was given only carboplatin and saline (p < 0.001). The number of primordial follicles in Group 3 was found to be statistically significantly higher than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Tissue catalase enzyme levels in Group 3 were statistically significantly higher than in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Tissue malondialdehyde levels in Group 2 were statistically significantly higher than tissue malondialdehyde levels in Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Metformin may attenuate carboplatin-induced ovarian damage, possibly through its antioxidative effects.

A histopathological view at the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the gastrointestinal system in children: a single center experience.

BACKGROUND: Subacute and chronic long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different organ systems have been studied in post-COVID patients recently. COVID-19 may cause gastrointestinal (GI) system findings due to the presence of its receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2), which is extensively expressed in the GI tract. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the post-infectious histopathological alterations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients who had GI symptoms. METHODS: Fifty-six specimens of upper endoscopic biopsies (including esophagus, stomach, bulbus and duodenum) obtained from seven patients and 12 specimens of lower endoscopic biopsies obtained from one patient who had GI symptoms after having COVID-19 (proven by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) were evaluated as the study group. Forty specimens from five patients presenting with similar complaints but without COVID-19 were selected as the control group. All biopsy materials were immunohistochemically stained with the anti-SARS-CoV-2S1 antibody. RESULTS: In all biopsies of the study group, anti-SARS-CoV-2S1 antibody was detected with moderate cytoplasmic positivity in epithelial cells and inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. No staining was observed in the control group. Epithelial damage, thrombus, or no other specific findings were detected in the GI tract biopsies of any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The virus antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the stomach and duodenum, but not in the esophagus, even months after infection and causes gastritis and duodenitis. No specific histopathological finding was observed from non-COVID-19 gastritis/duodenitis. Therefore, the post-COVID-19 GI system involvement should be kept in mind in patients presenting with dyspeptic symptoms even if several months have passed.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Combined Silver Nitrate Coagulation and Shave Excision With Surgical Excision and Linear Closure in the Treatment of Pyogenic Granuloma.

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a common benign vascular neoplasia. Optimal treatment should have an aesthetically pleasant scar and a low recurrence rate. No treatment method that is fully effective in solving these has been demonstrated. Silver nitrate cauterization is another method for the management of PG lesions. OBJECTIVE: The effects of silver nitrate on the treatment of PG have not been sufficiently investigated and should be investigated with objective data and a controlled study. METHODS: The prospective clinical trial was designed to compare silver nitrate cauterization with surgical excision treatment. Procedure times and procedure costs, comfort and satisfaction scales, recurrences, the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Score, and the Vancouver Scar Scale were compared to evaluate treatments. RESULTS: Silver nitrate treatment had lower procedure times, costs, and better satisfaction and comfort scale scores. The scar assessment scores were better for the silver nitrate treatment. The patients in both groups were successfully treated and no recurrence was seen. CONCLUSION: Silver nitrate cauterization is low-cost, fast, safe, reliable, and effective with good aesthetic results for the treatment of PG lesions. This study shows that silver nitrate cauterization is a good alternative to surgical excision in the management of PG.

Effect of dexpanthenol on wound healing in penile fracture model: An experimental study.

OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of dexpanthenol on wound healing at the histopathological level on cavernous tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four Wistar albino rats weighing 220-250 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups as Group B, Group S, Group LD, and Group SD. In Group B, the incision was not repaired and left to secondary healing. In Group S, the incision line was repaired with 5/0 polyglactin suture. In Group LD, 0.25 mg/kg dexpanthenol was applied subcutaneously below the repaired wound region once a day during 14 days. In Group SD, 500 mg dexpanthenol was applied intraperitoneally once a day during 14 days. RESULTS: No fibrosis was observed in 8 (80%) rats in group SD. Fibrosis rates were significantly lower in Group SD compared to Group B, Group S, and Group LD (p = 0.013, p = 0.005, and p = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSION: Systemic dexpanthenol administration significantly decreased fibrosis in penile fracture model on rats.

OBJETIVO: En el estudio actual nuestro objetivo fue investigar el efecto del dexpantenol en la cicatrización de heridas a nivel histopatológico en el tejido cavernoso. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron 44 ratas Wistar albinas con un peso de 220-250 g. Las ratas se dividieron aleatoriamente en 4 grupos como grupo B, grupo S, grupo LD y grupo SD. En el grupo B, la incisión no se reparó y se dejó para la cicatrización secundaria. En el grupo S, la línea de incisión se reparó con sutura de poliglactina 5/0. En el grupo LD, se aplicaron 0.25 mg/kg de dexpentanol por vía subcutánea debajo de la región de la herida reparada una vez al día durante 14 días. En el grupo SD se aplicaron 500 mg de dexpentanol por vía intraperitoneal una vez al día durante 14 días. RESULTADOS: No se observó fibrosis en 8 (80%) ratas del grupo SD. Las tasas de fibrosis fueron significativamente más bajas en el grupo SD en comparación con el grupo B, el grupo S y el grupo LD (todos p < 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: La administración sistémica de dexpantenol disminuyó significativamente la fibrosis en el modelo de fractura de pene en ratas.

Renoprotective effects of dapagliflozin in an iron overload non-diabetic rat model.

PURPOSE: Sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are oral anti-diabetic drugs with proven kidney protective effects. Renal protective effects in non-diabetic individuals have also been shown in recent studies. The aim of this study was to determine the renal protective effects of dapagliflozin by evaluating the oxidative stress markers in the kidney tissue and demonstrating it in renal histological sections in an iron-overloaded rat model. METHODS: A total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were separated into 3 groups of 8 rats. Iron sucrose (60 â€‹mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally to the first group (Group Fe) (n â€‹= â€‹8), iron sucrose and dapagliflozin (0.1 â€‹mg/kg/day) to the second group (Group Fe â€‹+ â€‹D) (n â€‹= â€‹8) and intraperitoneal saline as placebo to the control group (Group C) (n â€‹= â€‹8) for 4 weeks. The glomerular changes were semi-quantitatively scored with Oxford Classification. Oxidative stress was analyzed from the tissue fluorescent oxidation product (FLOP), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sulfhydryl (T-SH) levels. RESULTS: Dapagliflozin prevented glomerular and mesangial damage of iron overload in the non-diabetic rat model. MDA levels were significantly higher in Group Fe compared to the Group C, and there was no significant difference between the Fe â€‹+ â€‹D group and Group C. T-SH levels were preserved in the Fe â€‹+ â€‹D group and were significantly higher than in the Fe group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that dapagliflozin helped preserve the glomerular and mesangial structure histologically and reduced oxidative stress markers in a non-diabetic iron overload rat model.

The histopathological findings in excised upper eyelids of patients with dermatochalasis following collagen cross-linking treatment.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the histopathological effects of collagen cross-linking (CCL) on excised skin samples of patients undergoing upper eyelid blepharoplasty due to dermatochalasis. METHODS: This study examined 74 excised eyelid skin samples from 37 dermatochalasis patients. Following an upper eyelid blepharoplasty, CCL with hypotonic riboflavin (0.1%) was applied. Both treated (right eyelid, CCL group) and untreated eyelid specimen (left eyelid, non-CCL group) sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. The sections were evaluated for the following parameters: the collagen status (parallel, oblique, and perpendicular), the distance between collagen fibers, the diameter of collagen fibers, and the length of collagen fibers. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the collagen status, the distance between collagen fibers, the diameter of collagen fibers, and the length of collagen fibers between the CCL and non-CCL groups (p > 0.05 for all). Although the lack of statistically significant differences, the structure of the treated eyelid collagen fibers was more parallel in 48% of the participants than in the untreated ones. For male patients, a statistically significant shorter distance between collagen fibers was observed in the CCL group (8.05 ± 2.04 µm) compared to the non-CCL group (9.97 ± 2.33 µm) (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: In this study, more parallel collagen structures and tightly packed collagen fibers were detected in eyelid samples following CCL treatment. The authors note that the results of this study may be promising for further research, so the effect of CCL therapy on the eyelid may be an interesting subject for the treatment of non-severe or surgically inadequately corrected dermatochalasis.

Autologous Conditioned Serum Increases Fat Graft Viability More than Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Controlled Rat Model.

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma has been used to support fat graft retention, but it may include inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1ß. Autologous conditioned serum also contains high levels of various anti-inflammatory cytokines. The authors hypothesized that combining autologous conditioned serum with fat graft would increase fat graft survival more than platelet-rich plasma. METHODS: Twenty-seven adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups of nine. Ten nonstudy rats were used to prepare platelet-rich plasma, autologous conditioned serum, and fat grafts. Next, 0.7-ml fat graft with a combination of 0.2 ml of autologous conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma, or phosphate-buffered saline was applied to their dorsa. Fat graft volume was assessed on postoperative day 2 and on the day of euthanization at 1, 3, and 5 months postoperatively. Histopathologic analysis was performed to measure integrity, inflammation, fibrosis, and vascularization. RESULTS: The median volume percentages and interquartile ranges at 1 month postoperatively were 97.3 percent (77.3 to 119.6 percent), 40.4 percent (30.9 to 46.9 percent), and 72.1 percent (53.6 to 84.9 percent) in autologous conditioned serum plus fat graft, phosphate-buffered saline plus fat graft, and platelet-rich plasma plus fat graft, respectively (p < 0.05); at 3 months postoperatively, values were 82.3 percent (70.3 to 88.3 percent), 36.6 percent (29.4 to 43.1 percent), and 48.3 percent (31.4 to 57.9 percent) (p < 0.001); and at 5 months postoperatively, values had increased to 83.9 percent (58.3 to 102.4 percent), 40.3 percent (20.1 to 50.6 percent), and 56.3 percent (37.7 to 74.9 percent), respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous conditioned serum and platelet-rich plasma improved fat graft outcomes compared to saline, whereas autologous conditioned serum was associated with less inflammation, greater fat viability, and more integrity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Combining fat graft with autologous conditioned serum may be a better option to minimize resorption rate and improve graft survival.

The role of trimetazidine in ischemia/reperfusion damage treatment in an ovary torsion model experimentally induced in rats.

The aim of this experimental animal study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical efficacy of trimetazidine (TMZ) in decreasing ovary damage in an ovary ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in the rat. A total of 35 Wistar albino female rats were randomly separated into five groups, n = 7 per group: Group 1: Sham (S) was only given a laparotomy procedure. Group 2: Ischaemia (I) group with 2-hour ischaemia using a vascular sutur. Group 3: Ischaemia/Reperfusion (I/R) group with 2 hour ischaemia and 2-hour reperfusion. Group 4: Sham + 10 mg/kg orally TMZ (S + TMZ). Group 5: I/R + 10 mg/kg oral TMZ (I/R + TMZ) group with 2 hours ischaemia and 2 hours reperfusion after the administration orally 10 mg/kg oral TMZ. Two daily doses of TMZ were orally administered to Group 4 (S + TMZ) and Group 5 (I/R + TMZ) for three days. TMZ significantly decreased vascular congestion, haemorrhage, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in group 5 compared to group 3 (p < .05). Despite TMZ decreased the malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index values, these decreases were not statistically significant (p > .05). TMZ which is an antioxidant agent can efficiently prevent in I/R damage in rat ovaries but further studies are necessary in order to implement it in the clinical settings.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Adnexial torsion is the most common gynecological emergency and there are no specific clinical, laboratories, or radiological findings for adnexal torsion. Unfortunatelly, the currently accepted treatment is adnexal detorsion. Cytoprotective effects of Trimetazidine (TMZ), an antianginal drug, are well-defined and it has been demonstrated to improve oxidative stress markers and limits membrane damage induced by reactive oxygen species and protects tissues from free radicals with its antioxidant effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of TMZ in experimentally induced adnexal torsion in rats and to investigate possible effects in maintaining ovarian reserve to prevent I/R damage or reperfusion damage.What do the results of this study add? Our study showed that TMZ significantly decreased vascular congestion, haemorrhage, and PMNL infiltration. TMZ decreased the malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, and the oxidative stress index values, but these decreases were not statistically significant.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Although various antioxidant drugs and chemicals have been used to protect the ovaries against I/R damage, they have not been demostrated to prevent it completely. TMZ, an antioxidant efficacy agent, has been shown to prevent ovarian I/R damage by suppressing inflammation in terms of histopathological parameters. Further studies involving a greater number of experimental animals are required before using TMZ for the treatment of humans with I/R damage in the clinical setting.

Dose-dependent effects of ghrelin and aberrant anti-Mullerian hormone levels in the prevention of ovarian damage caused by cisplatin in Wistar-albino rats.

PURPOSE: Ghrelin has previously been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in preventing cisplatin-induced ovarian damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of this hormone in preventing this damage in rats using histopathological and biochemical methods. METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. While no drug was given to Group 1 (sham group), acylated ghrelin was intraperitoneally administered to Group 2 at 0.5 nmol/kg and Group 3 at 2 nmol/kg for 21 days. Group 4 received only saline solution. On the 15th day, a single dose of 5 mg/kg cisplatin was intraperitoneally administered to each rat in Groups 2, 3 and 4. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) values were measured on days 0, 15 and 21. Then, laparotomy and bilateral oophorectomy were performed, and the ovaries were histopathologically examined. RESULTS: The number of primordial and primary follicles was significantly higher in Group 3 than in the saline solution + cisplatin group. In Group 4, cisplatin caused significantly higher follicle damage in the primordial, primary and secondary phases compared to the sham group. The AMH level of the SF + cisplatin group was significantly lower than that of the sham group and the high-dose ghrelin + cisplatin group, and the AMH level of the sham group was significantly higher than that of the low-dose ghrelin + cisplatin group. CONCLUSION: High-dose ghrelin was effective in preventing cisplatin-induced ovarian damage by preserving the number of primordial and primary follicles. Larger randomized studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of ghrelin.

Investigation of the effect of ghrelin on bone fracture healing in rats.

Ghrelin is known to have effects on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and improvement of bone mineral density in rats. However, no experimental research on ghrelin's effects on fracture healing has been reported. In this context, the effect of ghrelin on the union of femoral shaft fractures was examined in this study by evaluating whether ghrelin will directly contribute to fracture healing. Forty male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into two groups as control and experimental (ghrelin treated) and standard closed shaft fractures were created in the left femurs of all rats. Daily ghrelin injections were applied to the experimental groups and equal numbers of rats were killed after 14 and 28 days following fracture formation. Tissue samples were examined with radiological, biomechanical, biochemical and histological analyses. Densitometry study showed that bone mineral density was improved after 28 days of ghrelin treatment compared to control. On histological examination, at the end of the 14 and 28 days of recovery, significant union was observed in the ghrelin-treated group. The ghrelin-treated group had higher breaking strength and stiffness at the end of 28 days of recovery. Biochemically, ALP levels were found to be higher in the ghrelin-treated group at the end of 28 days of recovery. Results showed that ghrelin directly contributes to fracture healing and it is promising to consider the effect of ghrelin on fracture healing in human studies with pharmacological applications.

Comparison of non-invasive tests with invasive tests in the diagnosis of celiac disease.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Today, invasive diagnostic tests are necessary for definite diagnosis of adult celiac disease (CD). However, in selected children patients, the need for invasive tests is ceased. In this study, we evaluated adult patients according to the ESPGHAN (European Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Society) criteria. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients (aged 17-66) with symptoms of CD were included. Serum samples were tested for total IgA, tTG-IgA (antitissue transglutaminase), tTG-IgG, DGP-IgA (antideamidated gliadin peptide), DGP-IgG, and EMA (endomysial antibodies). HLA-DQ typing was studied with PCR-SSP (sequence-specific primers) method. Biopsy samples were evaluated according to Marsh scoring. RESULTS: In CD patients, 71.4% (15/21) of the patients were diagnosed without biopsy according to the EPSGHAN criteria but when ESPGHAN's IgA tTG threshold value for children was taken into consideration (>200 IU/mL), the sensitivity decreased to 81%. Celiac disease diagnosed and control groups were compared in terms of HLA tissue types. DQ2.5 homozygous or DQ2.5/DQ2.2 was significantly higher in CD group, and DQ2- or DQ8-negative HLA tissue type was significantly higher in control group. CONCLUSION: When serological tests, HLA typing, and clinical symptoms are all in favor of CD, biopsy may not be performed in selected adult CD patients.

Protective effect of omega 3 and vitamin D in preventing lung-tissue damage of newborn rats exposed to cigarette smoke during intrauterine period / Efecto protector de omega 3 y vitamina D en la prevención del daño en el tejido pulmonar de ratas recién nacidas expuestas al humo del cigarrillo durante el período intrauterino

SUMMARY: This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of cigarette smoke exposure on lung and the protective role of Omega 3 and Vitamin D against these toxic effects biochemically and histologically. 28 pregnant Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups. The first group was control group; the second group was exposed to smoke of 10 cigarette by puff device 2 hours/day after pregnancy; the third group was exposed to cigarette smoke together with Omega 3 (0.5 mg/kg/day) and the fourth group was exposed to cigarette smoke together with vitamin D (42 microgram/kg/day). Finally, lung tissue sections of the newborn rats were stained with Hemotoxilen eosine and Masson tricromite. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fluorescent Oxidation Products (FOU) levels were measured. Fetal weights and the number of fetuses were significantly lower in the group received only cigarette smoke (both p<0.001). Histopathologically, pulmonary volume, number of developed alveols and parenchyma elasticity decreased significantly, meanwhile interstitial tissue increased, elastin and collagen did not develop adequately. Histopathologic changes significantly decreased in the group given Omega 3 and Vitamin D. Statistically, MDA and FOU levels were found to be higher in the group exposed to cigarette smoke compared to the control group, and MDA and FOU levels were lower in the group given Omega 3 along with cigarette smoke (p<0.001). Cigarette smoke caused histologically significant damage to fetal lung tissue, oxidative stress and increased MDA and FOU levels. This damage was significantly reduced with Omega 3 and Vitamine D supplementation. Omega 3 is an important antioxidant; vitamin D has no significant antioxidant effect.

RESUMEN: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos tóxicos de la exposición al humo de cigarrillo en el pulmón, y el papel protector de Omega 3 y la Vitamina D contra esos efectos. 28 ratas Wistar albino preñadas fueron separadas en cuatro grupos. El primer grupo grupo control; el segundo grupo estuvo expuesto al humo de 10 cigarrillos por dispositivo de inhalación 2 horas / día después de la preñez; el tercer grupo se expuso al humo del cigarrillo junto con Omega 3 (0,5 mg / kg / día) y el cuarto grupo se expuso al humo del cigarrillo junto con vitamina D (42 microgramos / kg / día). Secciones de tejido pulmonar de las ratas recién nacidas se tiñeron con Hematoxilina Eosina y tricrómico de Masson. Se midieron los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA) y productos de oxidación fluorescente (POF). Los pesos fetales y el número de fetos fueron significativamente más bajos en el grupo que recibió solamente humo de cigarrillo (ambos p <0,001). Histopatológicamente, el volumen pulmonar, el número de alveolos desarrollados y la elasticidad del parénquima disminuyeron significativamente; mientras que el tejido intersticial aumentó y la elastina y el colágeno no se desarrollaron adecuadamente. Los cambios histopatológicos disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo que recibió Omega 3 y Vitamina D. Estadísticamente, se encontró que los niveles de MDA y POF eran más altos en el grupo expuesto al humo de cigarrillo en comparación con el grupo control, además los niveles de MDA y POF fueron más bajos en el grupo que recibió Omega 3 junto con el humo del cigarrillo (p <0,001). El humo del cigarrillo causó daños histológicamente significativos en el tejido pulmonar fetal, el estrés oxidativo y el aumento de los niveles de MDA y FOU. Este daño se redujo significativamente con los suplementos de Omega 3 y Vitamina D. El omega 3 es un importante antioxidante; la vitamina D no tiene ningún efecto antioxidante significativo.

The role of melatonin in preventing ovarian tissue damage in rats exposed to magnetic fields

Objectives: We observed the efficacy of melatonin in preventing ovarian tissue damage in rats exposed to magnetic fields. Materials and methods: Forty rats were divided into four treatment groups: Group 1, control group (n = 10); Group 2, melatonin administration only (n = 10); Group 3, magnetic field exposure only (n = 10); Group 4, magnetic field exposure with melatonin administration (n = 10). The magnetic field was applied at a dose of 20 µT for 30 min/day for 10 days. Melatonin was orally administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg. We evaluated follicle count, degree of fibrosis, amount of adhesion, amount of apoptosis, ovarian dimensions, and follicular degeneration by dissecting the ovaries of the rats on day 11, and differences among the groups were evaluated. Results: Group 3 had an increased amount of follicle degeneration, more fibrosis, and more adhesion than Group 4, but these findings were not statistically significant. The apoptosis scores in Groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than in the other groups. Ovarian dimensions were significantly decreased in Group 3. Follicular degeneration was significantly increased in Group 3. Conclusion: Exogenously administered melatonin, if used at much higher doses orally, may be a noncytotoxic, antiapoptotic agent and may also have a protective effect on ovarian tissue damage that radiation can cause at the level of fine structure.

Calcaneal Avulsion of an Ochronotic Achilles Tendon: A Case Report.

Alkaptonuria is a hereditary disorder of phenylalanine and tyrosine, with an incidence of approximately 1/200,000 to 1/1,000,000. Ochronosis is the accumulation of homogentisic acid and its metabolites in connective tissues such as the tendons, cartilage, and skin. In the present case study, a 50-year-old male presented with a nontraumatic calcaneal avulsion without a previous diagnosis of ochronosis. To the best of our knowledge, little information has been reported of this pathology in the Achilles tendon and the surgical management.

The Effects of Colchicine-Impregnated Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose on Capsular Contracture.

Capsular contracture is the most common complication of breast augmentation. Oxidized regenerated cellulose can be used as a matrix for drug transport. Colchicine is an antimitotic drug that interferes with various steps of wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oxidized regenerated cellulose alone or in combination with colchicine on capsular contracture. Twenty-one adult female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 3 groups. In group 1 silicone blocks only, in group 2 oxidized regenerated cellulose-wrapped silicone blocks, and in group 3 colchicine-impregnated oxidized regenerated cellulose-wrapped silicone blocks were inserted in the dorsal region. Four weeks later, implants were removed and histopathological examination was performed. Capsular thickness, inflammatory infiltrate degree, collagen fiber organization, and myofibroblast density were evaluated. Macroscopic examination revealed a distinct capsule formation only in group 1 animals, with average measurement being 134.65 µm on histopathological examination. In groups 2 and 3 animals, no distinct capsule formation was seen. Inflammatory infiltrate degree was found to be less in groups 2 and 3 animals than in group 1 animals. Collagen fiber organization around the implants was found to be parallel and organized in group 1 animals, whereas it was random and disorganized in animals in both groups 2 and 3. High myofibroblast density was observed in animals in groups 1 and 2, while no myofibroblast was found in animals in group 3. The results of our study suggest that coating silicone implants with oxidized regenerated cellulose or with colchicine-impregnated oxidized regenerated cellulose may be effective in preventing capsular contracture.

Dose dependent effect of resveratrol in preventing cisplatin-induced ovarian damage in rats: An experimental study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resveratrol in preventing cisplatin (CP) induced ovarian damage in rats. Twenty-eight female Wistar albino rats were separated into four groups. No medication was given to group 1. Over the 21-day study period, low-dose resveratrol was given to group 2, high-dose resveratrol was given to group 3, and saline was administered to group 4. On the 15th day of medication, all groups except for group 1 were treated with a single dose of CP. Serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) were tested at baseline and on the 15th and 21st days. All rats underwent oophorectomy one week after CP application. Primordial, primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles were counted microscopically. No significant difference was observed among the groups in mean AMH levels according to follow-up time. The numbers of primary and primordial follicles were statistically significantly higher in group 2 than in group 4 (p<0.05). The number of tertiary follicles was statistically significantly higher in group 1 than in groups 3 and 4 (p<0.05), but it was not statistically significantly different than in group 2. Resveratrol, particularly at low-doses, can prevent CP induced ovarian damage by maintaining the numbers of primordial and primary follicles. Further studies are needed to study the effect of resveratrol on human ovaries.

Effect of Splenectomy to Short Bowel Syndrome in Rats.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of splenectomy in the short bowel syndrome. Twenty-four Wistar-albino rats weighing between 210 and 375 g were used. They were divided into three groups. In group A, short bowel syndrome (SBS) was created by 75 % bowel resection. In group B, SBS and splenectomy was performed. In group C, after transecting the bowel, it was anastomosed. Before and 45 days after the procedures, all rats were weighed. In all three groups, the first and final weight of the rats, the final bowel weight and length, the ileal and jejunal crypt depths, the villus height, the luminal diameter, the bowel wall thickness, and the number of apoptotic cells and mitosis per 100 crypt cell were compared. Periportal fibrosis, infiltration, bile stasis, and bile duct proliferation were detected in liver samples. The rat intestinal length and weight was the least in group B while the jejunal crypt depth was higher in group B than in group A and it was exactly the opposite for the jejunal and ileal villus heights. The ileal and jejunal luminal diameter, the ileal bowel wall thickness, the jejunal and ileal apoptotic cell number, the jejunal mitosis, and the periportal fibrosis were highest in group B. Adding splenectomy to an SBS model has a negative impact on bowel adaptation.

The Possibly Reversible Isotretinoin Effect of Decreased Ovarian Reserve in Sprague-Dawley Albinos: Part I, Biochemical Analyses.

BACKGROUND: The study aims to determine the detrimental effects of 7.5 mg/kg/day isotretinoin treatment on the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in an experimental study to see whether the effects on ovarian reserve are reversible. METHODS: Blood was sampled in 16 Sprague-Dawley albinos before any treatment to see baseline AMH levels. Then, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. Control group received only 1.0 ml soybean oil per oral for 30 days, whereas the study group received 7.5 mg/kg/day isotretinoin suspended in soybean oil. AMH levels were measured at the 30th day - immediately after the last medication - and on 60th day - 1 month after the last medication. RESULTS: The mean values of AMH levels were 8.16 ± 1.47, 6.95 ± 1.87, 6.27 ± 0.71 and 8.20 ± 1.48, 6.56 ± 1.45, 7.07 ± 0.96 ng/ml before, immediately after and 1 month after the last medication in the control and isotretinoin treatment group, respectively. The mean AMH levels significantly decreased (p = 0.02) immediately after isotretinoin administration. The mean AMH levels 1 month after the last dose of isotretinoin therapy were higher than the levels immediately after the medication; however, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that exposure to isotretinoin is responsible for decreased AMH levels in experimental rat model and this effect seems to be reversible.

Prevention of Epidural Fibrosis Using Ranibizumab in a Postlaminectomy Rat Model.

AIM: One of the most significant reasons for persistent low back pain experienced after spinal surgery is epidural fibrosis seen after laminectomy procedures. This study shows the effects of Ranibizumab on spinal epidural fibrosis in the laminectomy area by blocking the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into two groups; a control group and a ranibizumab group. Only laminectomy was performed to the control group. In the ranibizumab group, 0.6 mg/kg ranibizumab diluted in 0.9% NaCl with the ratio of 1:10 was applied topically. Three weeks later, the vertebral columns were resected en bloc including the whole laminectomy area in both groups and evaluated histopathologically. Results were compared using statistical tools. RESULTS: Based on the statistical analysis, our data show that less epidural fibrosis was seen in the ranibizumab group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Topically applied Ranibizumab is significantly effective in preventing epidural fibrosis in rats occurred after laminectomy.