RESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar controversias existentes en el manejo habitual de los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo2 (DM2) y contrastarlas con la última evidencia científica y guías clínicas, con el fin de optimizar y homogeneizar el tratamiento de los pacientes con DM2 en la atención primaria (AP) en España. Material y métodos: 240 médicos de familia respondieron a un cuestionario online sobre el manejo de 6 perfiles de pacientes con DM2 de complejidad creciente. Resultados: Los factores clínicos más influyentes en la elección del tratamiento antihiperglucémico son una HbA1c >10% y la presencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), aunque en el paciente evolucionado cobran más relevancia la tasa de filtrado glomerular estimada y el riesgo de hipoglucemia. En el paciente recién diagnosticado con HbA1c>9% se sigue iniciando el tratamiento con monoterapia (24%). En el paciente no controlado con metformina suelen añadirse inhibidores de la dipeptidil peptidasa4 (iDPP4, 54%) seguido de inhibidores del cotransportador sodio-glucosa tipo2 (iSGLT2, 39%). Los agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo1 (arGLP1) se asocian principalmente al paciente con DM2 obeso. En el paciente no controlado con metformina+sulfonilurea (SU) se prefiere sustituir la SU a añadir un tercer agente antihiperglucémico al tratamiento (77% vs. 23%). Conclusiones: Todavía persiste en AP un enfoque del tratamiento de la DM2 centrado en la reducción de la HbA1c y en la seguridad de los tratamientos. Por ello, los iDPP4 son fármacos ampliamente utilizados. Los iSGLT2 se reservan habitualmente para pacientes con DM2 y ECV y los arGLP1 para pacientes con DM2 obesos, siendo su uso muy limitado (AU)
Aim: To identify existing controversies in the routine management of patients with T2D and to contrast them with the latest scientific evidence and clinical guidelines, in order to help optimize and homogenize the treatment of patients with T2D in Primary Care (PC) in Spain. Material and methods: 240 family doctors responded to an online questionnaire about the management of 6 patient profiles with T2D of increasing complexity. Results: The main drivers for the antihyperglycemic treatment choice are an HbA1c>10% and the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although in evolved patients, the estimated glomerular filtration rate and the risk of hypoglycemia become more relevant. In newly diagnosed patients with an HbA1c>9%, treatment is still initiated with monotherapy (24%). In patients not controlled with metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4-I, 54%) or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I, 39%) are usually added. On the other hand, type1 glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) are mainly associated with obese patients with T2D. In patients not controlled with metformin+sulfonylurea (SU), SU replacement is preferred to adding a third antihyperglycemic agent to background therapy (77% vs. 23%). Conclusions: T2D treatment in PC is still focused on HbA1c reduction and treatment safety. Thus, DPP4-I are widely used. SGLT2-I are usually preferred for patients with T2D and CVD and GLP1-RA for patients with T2D and obesity, although their use in PC is low (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/administração & dosagem , Espanha , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/administração & dosagem , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
AIM: To identify existing controversies in the routine management of patients with T2D and to contrast them with the latest scientific evidence and clinical guidelines, in order to help optimize and homogenize the treatment of patients with T2D in Primary Care (PC) in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 240 family doctors responded to an online questionnaire about the management of 6 patient profiles with T2D of increasing complexity. RESULTS: The main drivers for the antihyperglycemic treatment choice are an HbA1c>10% and the presence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), although in evolved patients, the estimated glomerular filtration rate and the risk of hypoglycemia become more relevant. In newly diagnosed patients with an HbA1c>9%, treatment is still initiated with monotherapy (24%). In patients not controlled with metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4-I, 54%) or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-I, 39%) are usually added. On the other hand, type1 glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) are mainly associated with obese patients with T2D. In patients not controlled with metformin+sulfonylurea (SU), SU replacement is preferred to adding a third antihyperglycemic agent to background therapy (77% vs. 23%). CONCLUSIONS: T2D treatment in PC is still focused on HbA1c reduction and treatment safety. Thus, DPP4-I are widely used. SGLT2-I are usually preferred for patients with T2D and CVD and GLP1-RA for patients with T2D and obesity, although their use in PC is low.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes , Atenção Primária à Saúde , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) who suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are likely to be sub-optimally treated for their physical condition. This study aimed to review the effect of interventions in this population. METHODS: A systematic search in five databases was conducted in July 2017. RESULTS: Seven studies on multi-faced interventions were included. These comprised nutrition and exercise counselling, behavioural modelling and increased disease awareness aiming to reduce HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, body mass index and weight. CONCLUSION: Non-pharmacologic interventions in individuals with SMI and T2DM could possibly improve measures of diabetes care, although with limited clinical impact.
