[Pregnancy after hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy]. / Trudnoce nakon histerosalpingografije i laparoskopije.

Pregnancies following hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy (LPSK) are described. HSG was performed in 463 and laparoscopy in 255 patients if they did not conceive within 6 months following HSG. Group I included patients with bilaterally occluded tubes, group II patients with pathological changes in the tubes with one or both unobstructed tubes, and group III patients with normal HSG and LPSK findings. Group I included 79 patients, group II 163 and group III 221 patients after HSG, and group I 42, group II 118 and group III 95 patients after LPSK. After the application of both methods, pregnancy was to be expected only in patients from group II and III. During the year following HSG, out of 384 patients from groups II and III, 55 (14.3%) conceived, and following LPSK, out of 213 patients from groups II and III, 28 (13.1%) conceived. Following the applications of both methods, 83 (27.4%) patients from groups II and III conceived. The number of spontaneous pregnancies after HSG and LPSK is almost equal. It may therefore be assumed that it is only the mechanical activity of the perfusion liquid that has a therapeutic effect.

[Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of skeletal malformations]. / Prenatalna ultrazvucna dijagnostika malformacija skeleta.

Two cases of skeleton malformations found by ultrasonic diagnostics are described. One was osteogenesis imperfecta and other achondroplasia. The possibility of malformation was postulated in 36th gestation week in the first case, and in 37th gestation week in the second. The authors discuss on malformations and their early diagnosis.

[Ultrasonic evaluation of fetal weight by comparing the circumference and area of the trunk]. / Ultrazvucna procjena fetalne tezine usporedbom korelacije opsega i povrsine trupa.

Birthweight estimation has clinical importance in routine practice. The method used at present is the measuring of the circumference of the fetal abdomen at the umbilical vein level. The aim of this study was to check the theoretical hypothesis that a simple method of the trunk area measurement is a better birthweight estimator than the circumference measurement (when elliptic elongation is changed). In order to make this measurement simple, an ellypsoid approximation of the trunk cross section was used, i.e. the longest and the shortest diameters were measured. The area is proportional to the product of the diameters while the circumference is proportional to the sum of the two. The longest and the shortest diameters were measured in 200 patients up to two days prior to delivery, perpendicular to the spine at the umbilical vein level. The results have shown that in fetuses whose cross-section of the abdomen is elongated, the product of the longest and the shortest diameter gives a significantly better correlation to birthweight than their sum.

[Ultrasound diagnosis of early pregnancy failures]. / Ultrazvucna dijagnostika poremecene rane trudnoce.

A total of 754 patients with suspected abnormal intrauterine pregnancy and ectopic pregnancy were examined by ultrasound in 1979 and 1980. The correlation between clinical, laboratory and ultrasound findings was made. Plasma hCG levels are shown to be valid in the differentiation between nonpregnant cases and normal intrauterine pregnancies and ectopic cases but not between intrauterine early pregnancy failures and ectopic pregnancies. In the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, ultrasound, in combination with the plasma hCG determination and, in some cases, with laparoscopic findings, is a very useful method. According to the results obtained, ultrasound is the method of choice for the detection of early pregnancy failures: missed abortion, blighted ovum, incomplete abortion, and hydatidiform mole.

Prediction of maturity in first trimester of pregnancy by ultrasonic measurement of fetal crown-rump length.

Three hundred ninety fetal crown-rump measurements by ultrasound echography were performed in order to correlate the crown-rump length with gestational age between the sixth and fourteenth weeks of gestation. A blind trial in 58 patients showed a good correlation of ultrasonically determined age and menstrual age. A graph of normal values was designed and is currently being used in routine work.