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1.
MULTIMED ; 24(Supl. 1)2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-76761

RESUMO

Introducción: las variaciones cromosómicas estructurales afectan la secuencia lineal de los genes teniendo como resultado pérdida, ganancia o reordenamiento del material hereditario a otras regiones del genoma. Presentación del caso: este reporte hace referencia a una gestante de 38 años de edad que presenta un embarazo gemelar monocigótico monocorial biamniótico no consanguíneo. Se le realizó el estudio prenatal citogenético por avanzada edad materna (AEM) a las 16 semanas de gestación. Discusión: el resultado obtenido para ambos fetos fue una translocación recíproca aparentemente balanceada: 46,XY,t(4;5)(q21;p15). Se realizó el estudio cromosómico en sangre periférica a ambos padres identificando que el rearreglo cromosómico estructural encontrado en el estudio prenatal es de origen paterno. Conclusiones: las translocaciones recíprocas representan un desafío para el estudio citogenético prenatal ya que conocer su naturaleza heredada o de novo, carácter balanceado y características de los puntos de ruptura es de vital importancia para la realización de un asesoramiento genético certero a la gestante y la familia(AU)


Introduction: structural chromosomal variations affect the linear sequence of genes resulting in loss, gain or rearrangement of hereditary material to other regions of the genome. Case presentation: This report refers to a 38-year-old pregnant woman who presents with a non-consanguineal monocygotic monocystic twin-monocystic twin pregnancy. The cytogenetic prenatal study by advanced maternal age (AEM) was performed at 16 weeks gestation. Discussion: the result obtained for both fetuses was a seemingly balanced reciprocal translocation: 46,XY,t(4;5)q21;p15). The peripheral blood chromosome study was performed on both parents, identifying that the structural chromosomal rearrangement found in the prenatal study is of paternal origin. Conclusions: the reciprocal translocations represent a challenge for the prenatal cytogenetic study since knowing their inherited or de novo nature, balanced nature and characteristics of the breakpoints is of vital importance for the realization of an accurate genetic advice to the pregnant woman and the family(EU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Translocação Genética , Cromossomos Humanos , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Doenças Fetais , Gravidez de Gêmeos
2.
MEDICC Rev ; 20(4): 27-34, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31242169

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION The consequences of de novo balanced structural chromosome aberrations diagnosed antenatally are unpredictable, and, as a result, they introduce uncertainty into genetic counseling decisions. OBJECTIVE Describe de novo balanced structural aberrations present at antenatal diagnosis in samples from pregnant women in five Latin American countries and determine their effect on carrier individuals. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study based on analysis of 109,011 antenatal tests conducted from January 1981 to December 2016 in Cuba, Uruguay, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Colombia. Thirteen cytogenetic laboratories provided information that included the cases analyzed during the study period; number of de novo balanced structural aberrations diagnosed antenatally; number of diagnoses with de novo balanced structural aberrations that resulted in termination of pregnancy; detailed descriptions of the karyotypes of de novo balanced structural aberration carriers, and descriptions of the form of diagnosis, including types of samples used (amniotic fluid, chorionic villus or fetal blood). Each laboratory also provided pathology reports and genetic counseling at time of diagnosis. Postnatal followup for pregnancies carried to term continued for at least two years. RESULTS Of the 109,011 antenatal tests studied, 72 (0.07%) showed de novo balanced structural aberrations. These events primarily involved chromosomes 1, 2, 7, 14, 18, and 20. Of the 79 breakpoints identified, the most common were 5p15.3, 7q11.2, 7q22, and 14q24. We identified three breakpoints corresponding to 3.8% (3q13.1, 3q13.2, and 9p12) that were not reported in other studies of de novo balanced structural aberrations diagnosed antenatally in patients from other geographic regions or in studies of chromosomal fragile sites. Two of these breakpoints (3q13.1 and 3q13.2) were associated with high risk of phenotypic abnormalities. Information on antenatal or postnatal followup was available for 62 (86%) of de novo balanced structural aberration carriers; of the 44 carriers with postnatal followup, 10 had phenotypic abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Three new de novo breakpoints were identified, presumably related to genetic admixture characteristics in Latin America. Since some diseases associated with de novo balanced structural aberrations detected antenatally have a late onset, followup for at least two years is recommended for carriers of these aberrations. The information in this study is useful in genetic counseling for pregnant women in Latin America.


Assuntos
Aberrações Cromossômicas , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Pontos de Quebra do Cromossomo , Colômbia , Costa Rica , Cuba , Feminino , Aconselhamento Genético , Humanos , Cariotipagem/métodos , México , Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Uruguai
3.
Rev cuba genet comunit ; 7(2): 19-22, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-71281

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal del programa de diagnóstico prenatal citogenético en la provincia Granma en el periodo 2008 - 2010. La información fue adquirida de los registros del Laboratorio de Citogenética de la provincia. Se analizó el comportamiento del motivo de indicación del estudio, las anomalías diagnosticadas, tipo de resultado y aberración más frecuente. El motivo de indicación más frecuente fue la avanzada edad materna, en este grupo además se identificó el 93(percent) de todas las anomalías cromosómicas encontradas. Se observó un descenso gradual de los estudios sin resultados. La trisomía 21 fue la aberración cromosómica de mayor frecuencia de aparición, hallada con una frecuencia de 92,5 (percent) en pacientes de avanzada edad materna. La prevalencia al nacimiento del síndrome Down fue de 0,4 por mil nacidos vivos y la prevalencia de este diagnóstico dentro de los estudios prenatales citogenéticos fue de 18,4 por mil pacientes estudiadas, esto manifiesta la influencia de la prueba diagnóstica en la disminución de nacidos vivos con este síndrome…(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Síndrome de Down , Citogenética
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