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1.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(5): 563-564, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31695240

RESUMO

Conflicts of interest are situations in which judgment and integrity of medical decisions or actions are influenced by a secondary interest, often of an economic nature. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico recognizes that these conflicts occur in health professionals' daily life, but also in public and private institutions that provide health services, as well as in the academy and in research activities. Therefore, it is necessary to identify conflicting situations and always act in accordance with the patient's interest.


Los conflictos de interés son situaciones en las que el juicio y la integridad de las decisiones o acciones médicas son influidas por un interés secundario, frecuentemente de tipo económico. El Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-­Industria de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de México reconoce que estos conflictos ocurren en la vida diaria de los profesionales de la salud, pero también en las instituciones de servicios de salud públicas y privadas, así como en la academia y en la investigación. Por ello, es necesario identificar situaciones de conflicto y actuar siempre de acuerdo con el interés del paciente.


Assuntos
Códigos de Ética , Conflito de Interesses , Comissão de Ética , Ética Médica , Indústria Farmacêutica/ética , Humanos , Seguradoras/ética , Relações Médico-Paciente/ética , Relações Profissional-Família/ética
2.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(5): 519-520, Sep.-Oct. 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286554

RESUMO

Conflicts of interest are situations in which judgment and integrity of medical decisions or actions are influenced by a secondary interest, often of an economic nature. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico recognizes that these conflicts occur in health professionals' daily life, but also in public and private institutions that provide health services, as well as in the academy and in research activities. Therefore, it is necessary to identify conflicting situations and always act in accordance with the patient's interest.


Assuntos
Comissão de Ética , Guias como Assunto , Ética Médica , Conflito de Interesses , México
3.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(3): 319-321, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31219475

RESUMO

Clinical research is the most important tool for the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that derive in higher efficacy and safety. Despite its significance, successful implementation of clinical research faces numerous difficulties, with one the most relevant being limited availability of resources for the performance of independent clinical trials. Generally, the pharmaceutical industry absorbs the costs associated with most clinical trials; however, this can generate dissociation between subjects of interest and health priorities when economic interest is the main driver of these protocols. In addition to the relevant role played by the pharmaceutical industry, it is important that government agencies favor adequate conditions, both in economic and regulatory aspects, for the implementation of independent clinical research that addresses subjects of medical and therapeutic interest, even if it does not generate corporate economic benefits.


La investigación clínica es la herramienta de mayor importancia para la identificación de estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas que deriven en mayor eficacia y seguridad. A pesar de su trascendencia, la implementación exitosa de la investigación clínica presenta numerosas dificultades; entre las más relevantes se encuentra la poca disponibilidad de recursos para realizar ensayos clínicos independientes. Por lo general, la industria farmacéutica absorbe los costos asociados con la mayoría de los ensayos clínicos, sin embargo, esto puede generar una disociación entre los temas de interés y las prioridades en salud, al existir interés económico como principal motivación de estos protocolos. Además del papel relevante de la industria farmacéutica, es importante que las instancias gubernamentales favorezcan las condiciones, tanto económicas como regulatorias, para la implementación de investigación clínica independiente, que aborde temas de interés médico y terapéutico, aunque no genere beneficios económicos empresariales.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/organização & administração , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/organização & administração , Indústria Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/economia , Indústria Farmacêutica/economia , Apoio Financeiro , Humanos
4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(3): 319-321, may.-jun. 2019.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286508

RESUMO

Resumen La investigación clínica es la herramienta de mayor importancia para la identificación de estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas que deriven en mayor eficacia y seguridad. A pesar de su trascendencia, la implementación exitosa de la investigación clínica presenta numerosas dificultades; entre las más relevantes se encuentra la poca disponibilidad de recursos para realizar ensayos clínicos independientes. Por lo general, la industria farmacéutica absorbe los costos asociados con la mayoría de los ensayos clínicos, sin embargo, esto puede generar una disociación entre los temas de interés y las prioridades en salud, al existir interés económico como principal motivación de estos protocolos. Además del papel relevante de la industria farmacéutica, es importante que las instancias gubernamentales favorezcan las condiciones, tanto económicas como regulatorias, para la implementación de investigación clínica independiente, que aborde temas de interés médico y terapéutico, aunque no genere beneficios económicos empresariales.


Abstract Clinical research is the most important tool for the identification of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that derive in higher efficacy and safety. Despite its significance, successful implementation of clinical research faces numerous difficulties, with one the most relevant being limited availability of resources for the performance of independent clinical trials. Generally, the pharmaceutical industry absorbs the costs associated with most clinical trials; however, this can generate dissociation between subjects of interest and health priorities when economic interest is the main driver of these protocols. In addition to the relevant role played by the pharmaceutical industry, it is important that government agencies favor adequate conditions, both in economic and regulatory aspects, for the implementation of independent clinical research that addresses subjects of medical and therapeutic interest, even if it does not generate corporate economic benefits.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/organização & administração , Pesquisa Biomédica/organização & administração , Indústria Farmacêutica/organização & administração , Apoio Financeiro , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto/economia , Pesquisa Biomédica/economia , Indústria Farmacêutica/economia
5.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(2): 202-203, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31056602

RESUMO

Doctors require flexibility for prescription. However, some limits are laid down both by current knowledge and by restrictions imposed by access and rules and regulations. The Committee for Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship (CETREMI) of the National Academy of Medicine proposes several suggestions to help patients, which include the selection of the best alternatives for each case, formalization of prescription standards variations (doses, drug indications, etc.) written down in the medical records, and avoidance of fashions, untested novelties, argumentations solely based on advertising or commercial promotion and conflicts of interest.


Los médicos requieren flexibilidad para sus prescripciones. Sin embargo, algunos límites están marcados tanto por el conocimiento vigente como por las restricciones de acceso, normas y reglamentos. El Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria (CETREMI) propone varias sugerencias para ayudar a los pacientes, que incluyen la selección de las mejores alternativas para cada caso, la protocolización de variaciones a los estándares de prescripción (dosis, indicaciones, etcétera) por escrito en el expediente y eludir modas, novedades no probadas, argumentos simplemente publicitarios o promocionales y conflictos de interés.


Assuntos
Ética Médica , Médicos/organização & administração , Padrões de Prática Médica/normas , Comitês Consultivos , Humanos , México , Médicos/ética , Padrões de Prática Médica/ética
7.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(2): 202-203, mar.-abr. 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286485

RESUMO

Resumen Los médicos requieren flexibilidad para sus prescripciones. Sin embargo, algunos límites están marcados tanto por el conocimiento vigente como por las restricciones de acceso, normas y reglamentos. El Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria (CETREMI) propone varias sugerencias para ayudar a los pacientes, que incluyen la selección de las mejores alternativas para cada caso, la protocolización de variaciones a los estándares de prescripción (dosis, indicaciones, etcétera) por escrito en el expediente y eludir modas, novedades no probadas, argumentos simplemente publicitarios o promocionales y conflictos de interés.


Abstract Doctors require flexibility for prescription. However, some limits are laid down both by current knowledge and by restrictions imposed by access and rules and regulations. The Committee for Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship (CETREMI) of the National Academy of Medicine proposes several suggestions to help patients, which include the selection of the best alternatives for each case, formalization of prescription standards variations (doses, drug indications, etc.) written down in the medical records, and avoidance of fashions, untested novelties, argumentations solely based on advertising or commercial promotion and conflicts of interest.


Assuntos
Humanos , Médicos/organização & administração , Padrões de Prática Médica/normas , Ética Médica , Médicos/ética , Padrões de Prática Médica/ética , Comitês Consultivos , México
9.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(5): 519-520, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32091013

RESUMO

Conflicts of interest are situations in which judgment and integrity of medical decisions or actions are influenced by a secondary interest, often of an economic nature. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico recognizes that these conflicts occur in health professionals' daily life, but also in public and private institutions that provide health services, as well as in the academy and in research activities. Therefore, it is necessary to identify conflicting situations and always act in accordance with the patient's interest.


Assuntos
Conflito de Interesses , Comissão de Ética , Ética Médica , Guias como Assunto , México
10.
Gac Med Mex ; 154(6): 716-718, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30532120

RESUMO

Informed consent is an indispensable element to obtain adequate patient participation either in research protocols or in therapeutic design. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship (CETREMI) of the National Academy of Medicine developed several recommendations for informed consent to be documented.


El consentimiento informado es un elemento indispensable para obtener la adecuada participación del paciente, ya sea en protocolos de investigación o en diseños terapéuticos. El Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria (CETREMI) de la Academia Nacional de Medicina elaboró varias recomendaciones para documentar el consentimiento informado.


Assuntos
Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Participação do Paciente , Médicos/organização & administração , Pesquisa Biomédica/organização & administração , Ética Médica , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , México
11.
Gac Med Mex ; 154(5): 622-623, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30407458

RESUMO

Continuing medical education activities are often financially supported by pharmaceutical and device companies. With the purpose to ensure ethics and accountability in the management of this assistance, the Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico formulates recommendations to medical associations' leaders in this text.


Las actividades de educación médica continua con frecuencia son apoyadas financieramente por la industria farmacéutica y de implementos médicos. Con el propósito de velar por la ética y rendición de cuentas en el manejo de estos apoyos, en el presente texto el Comité de Ética y Transparencia en la Relación Médico-Industria (Cetremi) de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de México formula recomendaciones a los directivos de agrupaciones médicas.


Assuntos
Indústria Farmacêutica/economia , Educação Médica Continuada/economia , Apoio Financeiro/ética , Indústria Farmacêutica/ética , Educação Médica Continuada/ética , Humanos , México , Sociedades Médicas
12.
Gac Med Mex ; 154(4): 534-536, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30250310

RESUMO

Varios medicamentos de adecuada eficacia han sido retirados del mercado por razones financieras, ya sea por su reducido precio (la patente ha expirado) o porque han sido sustituidos por nuevos fármacos (con patentes vigentes); otros tantos no han sido desarrollados porque las enfermedades contra las que van dirigidos no son económicamente promisorias debido al tipo de población que las padece (estratos económicamente marginados o sin significación numérica). Deberán establecerse lineamientos e incentivos para la industria farmacéutica y de biotecnología.Several drugs with adequate efficacy have been withdrawn from the market for financial reasons, either due to their reduced price (the patent has expired) or because they have been substituted with new drugs (with patents in force); many others have not been developed because the diseases they are directed against are not economically promising owing to the type of population that suffers from them (economically marginalized or numerically non-significant strata). Guidelines and incentives for the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry should be established.


Assuntos
Aprovação de Drogas/economia , Indústria Farmacêutica/economia , Preparações Farmacêuticas/economia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Custos de Medicamentos , Humanos , Patentes como Assunto
13.
Gac Med Mex ; 154(4): 532-533, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30250317

RESUMO

El tratamiento del dolor crónico severo es una meta histórica de la medicina. Los opioides naturales (como la morfina) se han usado por muchos años y la aparición reciente de opioides sintéticos se ha sumado a esta opción terapéutica, sin embargo, el potencial adictivo de estas sustancias obliga a la reglamentación de su uso. Las agencias médicas internacionales recomiendan prudencia en el uso terapéutico de opioides.The treatment of chronic and severe pain is a principal goal of medicine. Natural opioids have been used for several years, and the recent development of synthetic opioids has increased therapeutic options; however, the addictive potential of these substances obliges the regulation of their use. International agencies recommend prudent rules in the therapeutic use of opioids.


Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Dor Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/prevenção & controle , Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Dor Crônica/fisiopatologia , Controle de Medicamentos e Entorpecentes , Humanos , Agências Internacionais , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
14.
Gac Med Mex ; 153(2): 151, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28474699

RESUMO

Los costos de la atención médica pueden alcanzar niveles tales que marginen a algunos pacientes de los beneficios del avance científico y tecnológico. Las razones de estos elevados costos son diversas y en la mayoría de los casos no está en manos de los médicos moderarlos. En este escrito se proponen algunas acciones que los médicos podemos realizar para disminuir los costos de la atención médica. La magnitud del ahorro que se puede alcanzar con estas medidas es modesta, puesto que la mayor parte de los costos no dependen de los médicos, pero se trata de ofrecer nuestra contribución. Evitar todo lo superfluo: no más medicamentos ni estudios que los estrictamente necesarios, sin medicina defensiva; y no ceder ante la presión de pacientes y familiares para que se prescriban pruebas o medicamentos inútiles.


Assuntos
Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Papel do Médico
15.
Gac Med Mex ; 153(1): 5, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28128799

RESUMO

La relación que involucra al médico y la industria abarca un espectro amplio de formas, para lo cual se requiere una exposición clara y transparente de términos y principios. Uno de los objetivos primordiales de la industria es contar con un respaldo académico que le permita dar a conocer las características y las propiedades de sus productos -eficacia, eficiencia y seguridad- con el propósito de ser prescritos y usados. Los fines de la industria son la venta de sus productos, el reconocimiento como empresas de prestigio y la ganancia económica. Implícitamente, para CETREMI el principio de mayor importancia en esta relación es indudablemente el beneficio del enfermo.


Assuntos
Indústrias , Relações Interprofissionais , Liderança , Médicos , Ética Médica , Guias como Assunto , México
16.
Gac Med Mex ; 152(6): 725, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27861468

RESUMO

Las siguientes recomendaciones a la industria farmacéutica se fundamentan en los principios éticos del CETREMI: - El paciente es lo primero: • Que la atención sea óptima para todos los pacientes. Que las compañías farmacéuticas apoyen las decisiones del médico que garanticen el tratamiento más eficaz, seguro, accesible y adecuado. • Que las compañías farmacéuticas colaboren para que los pacientes tengan acceso fácil y oportuno a los medicamentos. • Que las compañías farmacéuticas colaboren para que la información sobre los tratamientos beneficie a los pacientes en todos los rubros, incluyendo el económico.


Assuntos
Comitês Consultivos , Indústria Farmacêutica/ética , Médicos/ética , Humanos , México
18.
Gac Med Mex ; 151(3): 403-15, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26089278

RESUMO

Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive central nervous system tumors and with worse prognosis. Until now,treatments have managed to significantly increase the survival of these patients, depending on age, cognitive status, and autonomy of the individuals themselves. Based on these parameters, both initial or recurrence treatments are performed, as well as monitoring of disease by imaging studies. When the patient enters the terminal phase and curative treatments are suspended, respect for the previous wishes of the patient and development and implementation of palliative therapies must be guaranteed.


Assuntos
Glioblastoma/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , México , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Assistência Terminal/métodos
19.
Med Dosim ; 38(2): 110-4, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23127781

RESUMO

It is reported in the literature that the material used in an embolization of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can attenuate the radiation beams used in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) up to 10% to 15%. The purpose of this work is to assess the dosimetric impact of this attenuating material in the SRS treatment of embolized AVMs, using Monte Carlo simulations assuming clinical conditions. A commercial Monte Carlo dose calculation engine was used to recalculate the dose distribution of 20 AVMs previously planned with a pencil beam dose calculation algorithm. Dose distributions were compared using the following metrics: average, minimal and maximum dose of AVM, and 2D gamma index. The effect in the obliteration rate was investigated using radiobiological models. It was found that the dosimetric impact of the embolization material is less than 1.0 Gy in the prescription dose to the AVM for the 20 cases studied. The impact in the obliteration rate is less than 4.0%. There is reported evidence in the literature that embolized AVMs treated with SRS have low obliteration rates. This work shows that there are dosimetric implications that should be considered in the final treatment decisions for embolized AVMs.


Assuntos
Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Hemostáticos/uso terapêutico , Malformações Arteriovenosas Intracranianas/terapia , Radiometria/métodos , Radiocirurgia/métodos , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Planejamento da Radioterapia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto Jovem
20.
Surg Neurol Int ; 3: 121, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23226607

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We describe a minimally invasive technique to perform a radiosurgical third ventriculostomy in a patient with mild obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to malignant pathology. METHODS: A 42 years old woman with diagnosis of clear cells renal carcinoma and with right nefrectomy performed last year. Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed two brain metastasis: one right temporal, and other in the pons with Sylvian aqueduct partial obliteration and mild ventricular enlargement. The patient received radiosurgical treatment for brain metastasis; after this procedure a new target was defined on the floor of the third ventricle, in the midpoint between the mamillary bodies and the infundibular recess where we delivered 100 Gy delivered by an isocentric multiple noncoplanar arcs technique, with a 6 MV Novalis(®) dedicated LINAC. A series of 21 arcs was arranged with a radiation field generated by a 4 mm circular collimator. RESULTS: One week pos-irradiation in the head CT we did not find significant changes in the metastatic lesions; however the VSI diminished 4%, despite of persistent aqueduct obliteration. At three months we perform 3.0 T MRI where we confirmed the presence of the third ventriculostomy (2.63 mm diameter). CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of a dedicated LINAC to perform a precise third ventriculostomy without associate morbility in short term.

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