Comparison of the Influence of Oxygen Groups Introduced by Graphene Oxide on the Activity of Carbon Felt in Vanadium and Anthraquinone Flow Batteries.

An increasing number of studies focus on organic flow batteries (OFBs) as possible substitutes for the vanadium flow battery (VFB), featuring anthraquinone derivatives, such as anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS). VFBs have been postulated as a promising energy storage technology. However, the fluctuating cost of vanadium minerals and risky supply chains have hampered their implementation, while OFBs could be prepared from renewable raw materials. A critical component of flow batteries is the electrode material, which can determine the power density and energy efficiency. Yet, and in contrast to VFBs, studies on electrodes tailored for OFBs are scarce. Hence, in this work, we propose the modification of commercial carbon felts with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and poly(ethylene glycol) for the 2,7-AQDS redox couple and to preliminarily assess its effects on the efficiency of a 2,7-AQDS/ferrocyanide flow battery. Results are compared to those of a VFB to evaluate if the benefits of the modification are transferable to OFBs. The modification of carbon felts with surface oxygen groups introduced by the presence of rGO enhanced both its hydrophilicity and surface area, favoring the catalytic activity toward VFB and OFB reactions. The results are promising, given the improved behavior of the modified electrodes. Parallels are established between the electrodes of both FB technologies.

A Call for Transformative Intersectional LPAA Intervention for Equity and Social Justice in Ethnosocially Diverse Post-Stroke Aphasia Services.

The disproportionate health disparities in ethnoracial groups highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed a sociopolitical momentum for transformative approaches in health care. As the U.S. population progressively becomes more ethnoracially diverse and older, growing vulnerable ethnogeriatric groups of older individuals with contrasting ethnic/racial and social histories are estimated to experience age-related cardiovascular complications with resulting chronic disabilities, such as post-stroke aphasia. Grounded in principles of equity and social justice, transformative health care approaches use input from marginalized communities to inform service strategies to minimize health disparities. This article discusses the population scenario, principles, and possible strategies to support the call for stakeholder-informed intervention toward the social reintegration of ethnosocially mixed geriatric populations with aphasia in the United States. Based on the principles from the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA) and intersectional narratives, we discuss how client and caregiver stories can inform culturally authentic individualized aphasia intervention for social readaptation. We conclude with future directions in aphasia education, research, and practice to promote stakeholder-informed strategies for culturally aligned social reintegration of older ethnosocially diverse aphasia populations in post-stroke care.

[Bioethics through a philosophical lens: the (bio)ontological foundations of Juliana González Valenzuela's proposal]. / Bioética en clave filosófica: el fundamento (bio)ontológico desde la propuesta de Juliana González Valenzuela.

The enrichment of bioethical proposals built from and for Latin America has been increasing in recent decades. In order to contribute to this, our objective is to present a proposal for a bioethical interpretation from a philosophical approach based on the identification of central concepts of Mexican philosopher Juliana González Valenzuela. A dual bio-ontological foundation was identified: a) the "dialectic phenomenology of life," which allows the synthesis between the biological and cultural aspects of human beings, as well as the overcoming of its contradictions; and b) the Homo humanus, which enables the existence of the bio-ethical being affirmed as an authentic being and one who seeks a good life (eu-bios and eu-zoein). Reflection on and critique of the implications that the bio-ontological foundation hypothetically couples to law and power led us to identify main arguments. However, the necessary link between the bio-ethical being and said disciplines was evidenced by virtue of their social and communitarian nature (zoon politikón, ζῷον πολῑτῐκόν).

El enriquecimiento de las propuestas bioéticas construidas desde y para Latinoamérica ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas, a efecto de contribuir a ello es que nuestro objetivo es presentar una propuesta de interpretación bioética en clave filosófica a partir de la identificación de los conceptos centrales de la filósofa mexicana Juliana González Valenzuela. Se identificó un doble fundamento bio-ontológico: a) la "fenomenología dialéctica de la vida" que permite la síntesis entre el aspecto biológico y cultural del ser humano, así como la superación de sus contradicciones; y b) el Homo humanus que posibilita la existencia del ser bio-ético afirmado en tanto un ser auténtico y en tanto busca una vida buena (eu-bíos y eu-zoein). La reflexión y crítica de las implicaciones que el fundamento bio-ontológico apareja hipotéticamente al derecho y al poder, nos llevó a identificar las principales líneas argumentativas, pero principalmente se evidenció el vínculo necesario entre el ser bio-ético y dichas disciplinas, en virtud de su naturaleza social y comunitaria (zoon politikón, ζῷον πολῑτῐκόν).

Caminando hacia el final de la pandemia COVID-19: caso México / Moving towards the end of the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Mexico

Introducción: se vive una crisis de confianza en la ciencia y una época de menosprecio a los conocimientos y evidencias. Las opiniones de los líderes políticos y otras figuras públicas ajenas a los problemas de salud tienen una mayor consideración y peso que los juicios emitidos por los expertos. Una evidencia que demuestra la debilidad de México en el campo de la salud son dos hechos en los cuales las autoridades del país son los culpables que son: la desaparición del Seguro Popular y la pobre respuesta a la pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusiones: la pandemia no termina por decreto, se logrará con cuidados y prevención realizada por el gobierno, instituciones y personal de salud y la sociedad (AU)

Introduction: we are living through a crisis of confidence in science and an era of disregard for knowledge and evidence. The opinions of political leaders and other public figures who are not involved in health problems are given greater consideration and weight than the judgments made by experts. Evidence that demonstrates Mexico's weakness in the field of health are two facts in which the country's authorities are to blame: the disappearance of Seguro Popular and the poor response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: the pandemic does not end by decree, it will be achieved with care and prevention carried out by the government, health institutions and personnel and society (AU)

Cerebroprotective Effect of 17ß-Estradiol Replacement Therapy in Ovariectomy-Induced Post-Menopausal Rats Subjected to Ischemic Stroke: Role of MAPK/ERK1/2 Pathway and PI3K-Independent Akt Activation.

Despite the overwhelming advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of stroke, a devastating disease affecting millions of people worldwide, currently there are only a limited number of effective treatments available. Preclinical and clinical studies show that stroke is a sexually dimorphic disorder, affecting males and females differently. Strong experimental evidence indicates that estrogen may play a role in this difference and that exogenous 17ß-estradiol (E2) is neuroprotective against stroke in both male and female rodents. However, the molecular mechanisms by which E2 intervenes in ischemia-induced cell death, revealing these sex differences, remain unclear. The present study was aimed to determine, in female rats, the molecular mechanisms of two well-known pro-survival signaling pathways, MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt, that mediate E2 neuroprotection in response to acute ischemic stroke. E2 pretreatment reduced brain damage and attenuated apoptotic cell death in ovariectomized female rats after an ischemic insult. Moreover, E2 decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and prevented ischemia/reperfusion-induced dephosphorylation of both Akt and the pro-apoptotic protein, BAD. However, MAPK/ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, but not the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, attenuated E2 neuroprotection. Thus, these results suggested that E2 pretreatment in ovariectomized female rats modulates MAPK/ERK1/2 and activates Akt independently of PI3K to promote cerebroprotection in ischemic stroke. A better understanding of the mechanisms and the influence of E2 in the female sex paves the way for the design of future successful hormone replacement therapies.

Teledentistry from research to practice: a tale of nineteen countries.

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated teledentistry research with great interest reflected in the increasing number of publications. In many countries, teledentistry programs were established although not much is known about the extent of incorporating teledentistry into practice and healthcare systems. This study aimed to report on policies and strategies related to teledentistry practice as well as barriers and facilitators for this implementation in 19 countries. Methods: Data were presented per country about information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure, income level, policies for health information system (HIS), eHealth and telemedicine. Researchers were selected based on their previous publications in teledentistry and were invited to report on the situation in their respective countries including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Chile, China, Egypt, Finland, France, Hong Kong SAR, Iran, Italy, Libya, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Zimbabwe. Results: Ten (52.6%) countries were high income, 11 (57.9%) had eHealth policies, 7 (36.8%) had HIS policies and 5 (26.3%) had telehealth policies. Six (31.6%) countries had policies or strategies for teledentistry and no teledentistry programs were reported in two countries. Teledentistry programs were incorporated into the healthcare systems at national (n = 5), intermediate (provincial) (n = 4) and local (n = 8) levels. These programs were established in three countries, piloted in 5 countries and informal in 9 countries. Conclusion: Despite the growth in teledentistry research during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of teledentistry in daily clinical practice is still limited in most countries. Few countries have instituted teledentistry programs at national level. Laws, funding schemes and training are needed to support the incorporation of teledentistry into healthcare systems to institutionalize the practice of teledentistry. Mapping teledentistry practices in other countries and extending services to under-covered populations increases the benefit of teledentistry.

Electrostatic hindrance to diffusion in flexible crosslinked gels: A coarse-grained simulation study.

In this work, we study how electrostatic forces slow down the diffusion of solute in flexible gels through coarse-grained simulations. The model used explicitly considers the movement of solute particles and polyelectrolyte chains. These movements are performed by following a Brownian dynamics algorithm. The effect of three electrostatic parameters characterizing the system (solute charge, polyelectrolyte chain charge, and ionic strength) is analyzed. Our results show that the behavior of both the diffusion coefficient and the anomalous diffusion exponent changes upon the reversal of the electric charge of one of the species. In addition, the diffusion coefficient in flexible gels differs significantly from that in rigid gels if the ionic strength is low enough. However, the effect of chain flexibility on the exponent of anomalous diffusion is significant even at high ionic strength (100 mM). Our simulations also prove that varying the polyelectrolyte chain charge does not have exactly the same effect as varying the solute particle charge.

Bioética en contextos pluriculturales: problemas epistemológicos y su relación con los derechos humanos / Bioètica en contextos pluriculturals: problemes epistemològics ila seva relació amb els drets humans / Bioethics in pluricultural contexts: Epistemological problems and their relationship with Human Rights

El objetivo de la investigación es identificar los problemas epistemológicos que surgen en el conocimiento y praxis de la Bioética en contextos pluriculturales y multiétnicos como es la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca México, y determinar su relación con los derechos humanos específicamente con elEnfoque de salud basado en los Derechos Humanos (EBDH). El método es el realismo epistemológico pragmático de Jürgen Habermas. Los resultados muestran dos tipos de problemas: el primero, es el tipo derelación sujeto-objeto de conocimiento en el que el Otro es subjetivado comoobjeto einstrumentalizado; y el segundo, el reduccionismo metodológico y por tanto las formas de verificación de las proposiciones verdaderas. Por cuanto hace a los derechos humanos vinculados a los problemas epistemológicos son principalmente colectivos y secundariamente individuales,en tanto que el proceso de conocimiento es un fenómeno social, comunal e histórico. Concluimos que la pluriculturalidad es un fenómeno que complejiza y enriquece la labor de la Bioética con una realidad múltiple de tipo sensible, inteligible y valorativo, este nexo muestra la necesidad de desarrollar abordajes inter o transdisciplinarios que aminoren tanto los problemas epistemológicos como la incidencia en la violación de derechos humanos.(AU)

L'objectiu de la recerca és identificar els problemes epistemològics que sorgeixen en el coneixement i la praxi de la Bioètica en contextos pluriculturals i multiètnics com és la Serra Sud d'Oaxaca Mèxic, i determinar la seva relació amb els drets humans específicament amb l'Enfocament de salut basat en els Drets Humans (EBDH). El mètode és el realisme epistemològic pragmàtic de Jürgen Habermas. Els resultats mostren dos tipus de problemes: el primer és el tipus de relació subjecte-objecte de coneixement en què l'Altre és subjectivat com a objecte i instrumentalitzat; i el segon, el reduccionisme metodològic i, per tant, les formes de verificació de les proposicions veritables. Pel que fa alsdrets humans vinculats als problemes epistemològics, són principalment col·lectius i secundàriament individuals, en tant que el procés de coneixement és un fenomen social, comunal i històric. Concloem que la pluriculturalitat és un fenomen que complexitzai enriqueix la tasca de la Bioètica amb una realitat múltiple de tipus sensible, intel·ligible i valoratiu, aquest nexe mostra la necessitat de desenvolupar abordatges inter o transdisciplinaris que aminorin tant els problemes epistemològics com la incidència en la violació de drets humans.(AU)

The objective of the research is to identify the epistemological problems that arise in the knowledge and praxis of Bioethics in pluricultural and multiethnic contexts such as the Sierra Sur of Oaxaca, Mexico, and to determine their relationship with human rights, specifically with the Human Rights Based Health Approach (HRBA). The method is the pragmatic epistemological realism of Jürgen Habermas. The results show two types of problems: the first is the type of subject-object relationship of knowledge in which the Other is subjectivized as an object and instrumentalized; and the second is the methodological reductionism and therefore the forms of verification of true propositions. As far as human rights linked to epistemological problems are concerned, they are mainly collective and secondarily individual, while the process of knowledge is a social, communal and historical phenomenon. We conclude that pluriculturality is a phenomenon that complexifies and enriches the work of Bioethics with a multiple reality of sensitive, intelligible and valuative type, this nexus shows the need to develop inter or transdisciplinary approaches that lessen both epistemological problems and the incidence in the violation of human rights.(AU)

Focusing Our Attention on Socially Responsive Professional Education to Serve Ethnogeriatric Populations With Neurogenic Communication Disorders in the United States.

PURPOSE: This viewpoint discusses a plausible framework to educate future speech-language pathologists (SLPs) as socially responsive practitioners who serve and advocate for the burgeoning vulnerable ethnogeriatric populations with neurogenic communication disorders. METHOD: We provide an overview of the demographic, epidemiological, and biopsychosocial context that supports the implementation of equity-based, population-grounded educational approaches for speech-language pathology services in ethnogeriatric neurorehabilitation caseloads and discuss a plausible perspective based on the educational social determinants of health (SDOH) framework by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. RESULTS: The NASEM's three-domain SDOH educational perspective integrates education, community, and organization to create a self-reinforcing pedagogical coproduction that, grounded in the synergized partnerships of educational institutions, engaged communities, and organizational leadership, aims to address systemic drivers of health perpetuating ethnoracial disparities in health, care, and outcomes. CONCLUSION: Exponentially growing vulnerable ethnogeriatric populations with age-related neurogenic communication disorders warrant the implementation of health equity education strategies to train technically prepared, socially conscious SLPs as service providers and advocates.

La democratización de los servicios de salud odontológicos / The democratization of dental health services

Introducción: el proceso de democratización en los servicios de salud en odontología y en todo el campo de la salud parte del acceso a la atención de la población, así como de la libertad de contar con información científica adecuada y suficiente para que la población cuide de su salud. Es compromiso del estado, de acuerdo con la constitución, poder contar con las condiciones políticas, económicas y sociales para el cumplimiento del mandato constitucional. Conclusiones: el sistema de salud no ha logrado desarrollarse en la población vulnerable porque requiere buena infraestructura, personal de salud, medicamentos, etcétera. Le corresponde al estado impulsar iniciativas para acercar y dar acceso a dicha población sin importar lo alejada que se encuentre, por lo que deberá apoyarse en el uso de tecnologías que le faciliten y permitan cumplir con la obligación constitucional que representa el derecho a la salud y con ello la democratización de la salud (AU)

Introduction: the process of democratization in health services in dentistry and in the entire field of health starts from the access to care for the population, from the freedom to have adequate and sufficient scientific information for the population to take care of their health. It is a commitment of the state according to the constitution to be able to have the political, economic and social conditions for the fulfillment of the constitutional mandate. Conclusions: the health system has not been able to develop in the vulnerable population requires good infrastructure, health personnel, medicines, etc. It is up to the state to promote initiatives to provide access to this population regardless of its remoteness, to rely on the use of technologies that facilitate and allow the fulfillment of the constitutional obligation that represents the right to health and thus democratize health (AU)

Pulpectomia o pulpotomía en el tratamiento de dientes temporales: Revisión

Objetivo: Comparar las terapias pulpares de dientes temporales en pacientes según la evidencia en la literatura. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica en la literatura científica, en las siguientes bases de datos: PUBMED, MEDLINE, BVS, BBO Odontología, IBECS y Web of Science. Los descriptores seleccionados fueron: pulpotomía y pulpectomia, combinados en la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: (pulpotomía) AND (pulpectomía). Resultados: Se encontraron 65 artículos, seleccionados por título y resumen. Después de una lectura minuciosa, solamente 23 artículos cumplieron con el criterio de inclusión que fuera un ensayo clínico, estudio longitudinal (cuasiexperimental o cohorte), no se excluyeron artículos duplicados y 13 que no tenían relación directa con el tema. La muestra final totalizó 7 artículos para la revisión integradora. La evidencia es limitada por el número de estudios que cumplieron con los criterios. Conclusiones: La contribución de este estudio sobre el tema es aumentar el conocimiento con respecto a las terapias pulpares; contribución que requiere ser mejorada o detallada en estudios posteriores; por tal motivo no se puede hacer una conclusión definitiva respecto a cuál de los tratamientos pulpares es mejor, pero nos indica una tendencia para desde el punto de vista clínico poder considerar los tratamientos pulpares como una alternativa adecuada para mantener el diente temporal en la cavidad bucal con evidencia científica.

Objective: To compare pulp therapy of primary teeth in patients according to the evidence in the literature. Methodology: Literature review in the scientific literature, in the following databases: PUBMED, MEDLINE, BVS, BBO Dentistry, IBECS and Web of Science. The descriptors selected were: pulpotomy and pulpectomy, combined in the following search strategy: (pulpotomy) AND (pulpectomy). Results: 65 articles were found by selecting by title and abstract. After a thorough reading only 23 articles met the inclusion criteria of being a clinical trial, longitudinal study (quasi-experimental or cohort), duplicate articles and 13 that were not directly related to the topic were not excluded. The final sample totaled 7 articles for the integrative review. The evidence is limited by the number of studies that met the criteria. Conclusions: The contribution made on the subject is to increase knowledge regarding pulp therapies, which needs to be improved or detailed in further studies, for that reason we cannot make a definitive conclusion on which of both pulp treatments is better, but it gives us a tendency and from a clinical point view to be able to consider pulp treatments as an adequate alternative to maintain the primary tooth in the oral cavity with scientific evidence.

Variante mexicana de COVID-19: ómicron BW. 1 o Xibalbá / Mexican variant of COVID-19: omicron BW. 1 o Xibalbá

Introducción: desde la aparición del COVID-19 a principios de diciembre del año 2019, en la ciudad China de Wuhan, esta enfermedad respiratoria empezó a avanzar a nivel mundial. El 30 de enero de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró a esta enfermedad con carácter epidémico y como una situación de emergencia a nivel mundial. El propósito de este estudio es presentar información de la variante ómicron BW.1 o Xibalbá. Conclusión: México está en un proceso de transición de pandemia hacia endemia, pero no quiere decir que no seguirán apareciendo nuevas variantes como ocurrió en la quinta ola (ómicron BA.5) o con subvariantes que emergieron como BW.1 «Xibalbá¼, BQ.1 «perro del infierno¼ y XBB «pesadilla¼. La población y los gobiernos deberán continuar con las medidas preventivas establecidas desde el inicio de la pandemia como son el uso de cubrebocas, el correcto lavado de manos y de ropa, los hábitos de higiene, limpieza, desinfección personal y de nuestro entorno, el aislamiento precoz ante alguna sintomatología y la vacunación (ya sea la primera o sus refuerzos subsecuentes).(AU)

Introduction: since the appearance of COVID-19 in early December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan, this respiratory disease began to spread worldwide. On the thirtieth of January of the year two thousand and twenty, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this disease to be epidemic and with a worldwide emergency situation. The purpose of the study is to present information on the Omicron BW.1 or Xibalba variant. Conclusion: Mexico is in a process of transition from pandemic to endemic but this does not mean that new variants will not continue to appear as they did in the fifth wave (omicron BA.5) or subvariants that emerged such as: BW.1 or «Xibalbá¼, BQ.1 «hellhound¼ and XBB «nightmare¼. The population and governments should continue with the preventive measures established since the beginning of the pandemic, such as: use of masks, proper hand and clothing washing, hygiene habits, personal and environmental cleaning and disinfection, early isolation in case of any symptomatology, and vaccination, either first or subsequent boosters.(AU)

Factors Influencing Bacterial and Fungal Skin Communities of Montane Salamanders of Central Mexico.

Host microbial communities are increasingly seen as an important component of host health. In amphibians, the first land vertebrates that are threatened by a fungal skin disease globally, our understanding of the factors influencing the microbiome of amphibian skin remains incomplete because recent studies have focused almost exclusively on bacteria, and little information exists on fungal communities associated with wild amphibian species. In this study, we describe the effects of host phylogeny, climate, geographic distance, and infection with a fungal pathogen on the composition and structure of bacterial and fungal communities in seven tropical salamander species that occur in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt of Central Mexico. We find that host phylogenetic relatedness is correlated with bacterial community composition while a composite climatic variable of temperature seasonality and precipitation is significantly associated with fungal community composition. We also estimated co-occurrence networks for bacterial and fungal taxa and found differences in the degree of connectivity and the distribution of negative associations between the two networks. Our results suggest that different factors may be responsible for structuring the bacterial and fungal communities of amphibian skin and that the inclusion of fungi in future studies could shed light on important functional interactions within the microbiome.

Democratización de los servicios en salud odontológica en México / The democratization of dental health services in México

Introducción: el proceso de democratización de los servicios de odontología, y de otros campos de la salud, parte del acceso de la población a la atención y, de la libertad de contar con información científca adecuada y sufciente para cuidar la salud. De acuerdo con la constitución mexicana, es compromiso del Estado lograr contar con las condiciones políticas, económicas y sociales para el cumplimiento del mandato constitucional. Objetivo: identifcar la relación de los servicios de salud odontológica en México con el proceso de democratización. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfca en la base de datos BVS, en español y enfocada en la producción científca mexicana, con las siguientes palabras claves: democracia, servicios de salud y salud bucal. Conclusiones: el sistema de salud de México no ha logrado cubrir las necesidades de la población, sobre todo de aquella que es vulnerable, en tanto se requiere buena infraestructura, personal de salud, medicamentos, etc. Le corresponde al Estado impulsar iniciativas para acercar y garantizar el acceso de dicha población, sin importar lo alejada que se encuentre; apoyarse en el uso de tecnologías que faciliten esta labor y cumplir con la obligación constitucional que representa el derecho a la salud, para, con ello, democratizarlo.

Background: The process of democratization in health services in dentistry and in the entire feld of health starts from the access of the population to care, from the freedom to have adequate and sufcient scientifc information for the population to take care of their health. According to the Constitution, the State is committed to providing the political, economic and social conditions for the fulflment of the constitutional mandate. Objective: Identify the relationship between dental health services in Mexico and the democratization process. Method: A bibliographic review was carried out in the VHL database with the keywords "democracy", "health services" "oral health" focused on Mexico and in Spanish language. Conclusions: The health system in Mexico has not been able to meet the needs of the population, especially those who are vulnerable; good infrastructure, health personnel, medicines, etc. are required. It is up to the state to promote initiatives to provide access to this population, no matter how far away they are, and to support the use of technologies that facilitate and allow the constitutional obligation to fulfl the right to health and thus democratize health.

Bioética en clave filosófica: el fundamento (bio)ontológico desde la propuesta de Juliana González Valenzuela / Bioethics through a philosophical lens: the (bio)ontological foundations of Juliana González Valenzuela's proposal

RESUMEN El enriquecimiento de las propuestas bioéticas construidas desde y para Latinoamérica ha ido en aumento en las últimas décadas, a efecto de contribuir a ello es que nuestro objetivo es presentar una propuesta de interpretación bioética en clave filosófica a partir de la identificación de los conceptos centrales de la filósofa mexicana Juliana González Valenzuela. Se identificó un doble fundamento bio-ontológico: a) la "fenomenología dialéctica de la vida" que permite la síntesis entre el aspecto biológico y cultural del ser humano, así como la superación de sus contradicciones; y b) el Homo humanus que posibilita la existencia del ser bio-ético afirmado en tanto un ser auténtico y en tanto busca una vida buena (eu-bíos y eu-zoein). La reflexión y crítica de las implicaciones que el fundamento bio-ontológico apareja hipotéticamente al derecho y al poder, nos llevó a identificar las principales líneas argumentativas, pero principalmente se evidenció el vínculo necesario entre el ser bio-ético y dichas disciplinas, en virtud de su naturaleza social y comunitaria (zoon politikón, ζῷον πολῑτῐκόν).

ABSTRACT The enrichment of bioethical proposals built from and for Latin America has been increasing in recent decades. In order to contribute to this, our objective is to present a proposal for a bioethical interpretation from a philosophical approach based on the identification of central concepts of Mexican philosopher Juliana González Valenzuela. A dual bio-ontological foundation was identified: a) the "dialectic phenomenology of life," which allows the synthesis between the biological and cultural aspects of human beings, as well as the overcoming of its contradictions; and b) the Homo humanus, which enables the existence of the bio-ethical being affirmed as an authentic being and one who seeks a good life (eu-bios and eu-zoein). Reflection on and critique of the implications that the bio-ontological foundation hypothetically couples to law and power led us to identify main arguments. However, the necessary link between the bio-ethical being and said disciplines was evidenced by virtue of their social and communitarian nature (zoon politikón, ζῷον πολῑτῐκόν).

Coarse-Grained Simulations of Release of Drugs Housed in Flexible Nanogels: New Insights into Kinetic Parameters.

The diffusion-controlled release of drugs housed in flexible nanogels has been simulated with the help of a coarse-grained model that explicitly considers polymer chains. In these in silico experiments, the effect of its flexibility is assessed by comparing it with data obtained for a rigid nanogel with the same volume fraction and topology. Our results show that the initial distribution of the drug can exert a great influence on the release kinetics. This work also reveals that certain surface phenomena driven by steric interactions can lead to apparently counterintuitive behaviors. Such phenomena are not usually included in many theoretical treatments used for the analysis of experimental release kinetics. Therefore, one should be very careful in drawing conclusions from these formalisms. In fact, our results suggest that the interpretation of drug release curves in terms of kinetic exponents (obtained from the Ritger-Peppas Equation) is a tricky question. However, such curves can provide a first estimate of the drug diffusion coefficient.

La variante SARS-CoV-2 subvariante ómicron BA4 y BA5 / SARS-CoV-2 subvariant omicron BA4 and BA5

Introducción: el día 26 de abril del año 2022, en México se anunció el final de la pandemia y el inicio de la fase endémica, ya que se cumplía con los criterios para considerar dicha transición, pero lo cierto es que existía la posibilidad de la aparición de nuevas olas de COVID-19 por nuevas variantes, esto provocado por factores como la movilización y la falta de vacunación en algunos grupos etarios, así como la disminución de medidas preventivas. Sin duda, estos factores han hecho que el fin de la fase pandémica aún sea lejano o cuando menos no a corto plazo. El propósito del estudio es presentar información de la aparición, ca- racterísticas y algunos datos de las subvariantes ómicron BA.4 y BA.5. Conclusiones: a pesar de estar en un proceso de pandemia a endemia, la aparición de nuevas olas de variantes y subvariantes de COVID-19 continuarán presentándose debido a la capacidad de mutación del virus y, por lo tanto, la inmunidad obtenida no será suficiente, se requiere un esfuerzo global del gobierno y la población para continuar con las medidas preventivas implementadas desde el inicio de la pandemia (AU)

Introduction: on 26 April 2022, in Mexico announced the end of the pandemic and the beginning of the endemic phase, since the criteria for considering this transition had been met. The truth is that the possibility of the appearance of new waves of COVID-19 due to new variants, caused by factors such as mobilisation, lack of vaccination in some age groups and the reduction of preventive measures, have undoubtedly made the end of the pandemic phase a long way off, or at least not in the short term. Undoubtedly, the end of the pandemic phase is still a long way off, or at least not in the short term. The purpose of the study is to present information on the emergence, characteristics and some data on the omicron BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants. Conclusions: despite being in a pandemic to endemic process, the emergence of new waves of COVID-19 variants and subvariants will continue to occur due to the mutational capacity of the virus and therefore the immunity obtained will not be sufficient, a global effort is required from the government and the population to continue with the preventive measures implemented since the beginning of the pandemic (AU))

Los biodatos del expediente clínico odontológico en México: análisis jurídico y bioético / The biodata of the dental clinical record in Mexico: legal and bioethical analysis

Objetivo: analizar los biodatos que integran el expediente clínico odontológico desde el derecho mexicano y la bioética. Métodos: hermenéutica analógica aplicada a los documentos jurídicos y bioéticos que determinan los biodatos mínimos constitutivos de los expedientes clínicos estomatológicos en México. Resultados: jurídicamente se identificaron los biodatos y se categorización en función de su naturaleza (antecedentes heredo-familiares, antecedentes personales patológicos y no patológicos, padecimiento actual e interrogatorio por aparatos y sistemas) y de los datos personales sensibles (datos: personales, identificativos, laborales, patrimoniales, académicos, de tránsito y migración, de salud, biométricos, de características físicas, y, especialmente, protegidos). Conclusiones: el análisis de la aplicación de los principios bioéticos a los biodatos del expediente clínico odontológico identificó como medidas mínimas las siguientes: la existencia de consentimiento(s) informado(s); el buen tratamiento de los biodatos; el correcto tratamiento y manejo de seguridad de las bases de datos que contengan un expediente o un conjunto de ellos y la bioseguridad del material biológico y genético en biobancos.

Objective: To analyze the biodata that make up the dental clinical record from Mexican law and bioethics. Methods: Analogical hermeneutics applied to the legal and bioethical documents that determine the minimum biodata constituting the stomatological clinical records in Mexico. Results: Legally, biodata were identifed and categorized according to their nature (inherite-family history, pathological and non-pathological personal history, current condition and questioning by devices and systems) and according to sensitive personal data (data: personal, identifcation, labor, patrimonial, academic, transit and migration, health, biometric, physical characteristics, and especially protected). Conclusion: The analysis of the application of Bioethical principles to the biodata of the dental clinical record identifed as minimun measures: the existence of informed consent(s), the good treatment of the biodata, good treatment and security of the databases that contain a fle or a set them, the biosecurity of biological and genetic material in biobanks.

Prevención cuaternaria desde la visión odontológica / Quaternary prevention from a dental point of view

Introducción: El personal de salud debe comprender que el paciente es la figura central en el proceso salud-enfermedad, por lo que, para pro- teger su salud y atender de manera eficaz la enfermedad, se debe partir desde los principios básicos de prevención. La frase «prevenir es mejor que curar¼ debe ser considerada una máxima en salud y una metodología para atender enfermedades desde factores de riesgo, hacer partícipe a los pacientes y a la población en general a llevar a cabo estilos de vida saludables, con actividades preventivas que incrementen su importancia en la atención médica. Conclusiones: La prevención cuaternaria es una forma nueva para llamar al viejo principio de la medicina «lo primero es no hacer daño¼, que da origen al principio bioético de la no male- ficencia, este concepto se refiere a todas aquellas valoraciones que se deben hacer ante cualquier tipo de intervención diagnóstica, terapéutica y preventiva. Esto tiene especial importancia en la población sana, en la cual la prevención será siempre la mejor herramienta, pero se debe siempre tener presente la prevención cuaternaria (AU)

Introduction: Health personnel should understand that the patient is the central figure in the health-disease process and that to protect their health and effectively treat the disease starting from the basic principle of prevention. The phrase «prevention is better than cure¼ from being considered a maxim in health and a methodology to address diseases from risk factors, involving patients and the general population to carry out healthy lifestyles, with preventive activities that increase its importance in medical care. Conclusions: Quaternary prevention is a new way to call the old principle of medicine «first do no harm¼, which gives rise to the bioethical principle of non-maleficence, this concept refers to all those assessments that should be made before any type of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive intervention. This is especially important in the healthy population, in which prevention will always be the best tool, but quaternary prevention should always be kept in mind (AU)