Factors associated with intention to be vaccinated with the COVID-19 booster dose: a cross-sectional study in Peru.

Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 continues to impact people worldwide, with more than 755 million confirmed cases and more than 6.8 million reported deaths. Although two types of treatment, antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy, have been approved to date, vaccination has been the best method to control the spread of the disease. Objective: To explore factors associated with the intention to be vaccinated with the COVID-19 booster dose in Peru. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study, using virtual and physical surveys of adults with two or more doses of COVID-19 vaccine, where the dependent variable was the intention to be vaccinated (IBV) with the booster dose. We calculated prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals, using generalized linear models of the Poisson family with robust varying, determining associations between sociodemographic, clinical, and booster dose perception variables. Results: Data from 924 adults were analyzed. The IBV of the booster doses was 88.1%. A higher prevalence was associated with being male (aPR = 1.05; 95% CI [1.01-1.10]), having a good perception of efficacy and protective effect (PR = 3.69; 95% CI [2.57-5.30]) and belonging to the health sector (PR = 1.10; 95% CI [1.04-1.16]). There was greater acceptance of the recommendation of physicians and other health professionals (aPR = 1.40; 95% CI [1.27-1.55]). Conclusions: Factors associated with higher IBV with booster dose include male gender, health sciences, physician recommendation, and good perception of efficacy.

Relación inversa entre la altitud y el riesgo cardiometabólico en la población peruana: resultados de una encuesta de base poblacional e importancia de la relación cintura-talla como indicador de riesgo cardiometabólico

Presentación: En el presente artículo exponemos nuestra valoración crítica de un estudio observacional publicado en la revista International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health el año 2022. Conclusiones del estudio: Se identificó una asociación inversa entre vivir a mayor altura y el nivel de riesgo cardiometabólico en la población adulta peruana. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de riesgo cardiometabólico en las diferentes categorías altitudinales evaluadas se mantiene por encima del 82% (80.9 - 84.6), lo que representa una gran proporción de la población en riesgo en cada altitud. Comentario crítico: El estudio es relevante por el uso de la relación cintura-talla, considerado como un indicador antropométrico con gran precisión para estimar el riesgo cardiometabólico, ser un estudio de bajo riesgo de sesgo y tener representatividad nacional. Por otro lado, es importante porque la relación cintura-talla es económica y fácil de usar, además de ser superior al IMC, ideal para aplicarlo en Perú. Además la conclusión general del estudio es válida, sin embargo, la falta de evaluación de la temporalidad por la misma característica del estudio (tipo transversal) y el sesgo residual que tiene al no evaluar algunas variables, hace necesario que se realicen estudios longitudinales para poder apoyar los resultados del estudio.La presente revisión crítica encuentra validez interna de los resultados del estudio, pero al momento no serían aplicables para generalizarse en toda la población por el sesgo residual.

Presentation: This article presents our critical appraisal of an observational study published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health in 2022. Conclusions of the Study: An inverse association was identified between living at higher altitudes and the level of cardiometabolic risk in the Peruvian adult population. However, the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk in the different altitude categories evaluated remains above 82% (80.9 - 84.6), which represents a large proportion of the population at risk at every altitude. Critical comment: The study is relevant because of the use of the waist-height ratio, considered an anthropometric indicator with greater precision for estimating cardiometabolic risk, being a study with a low risk of bias, and having national representativity. In addition, it is important because the waist-height ratio is inexpensive and easy to use. It is also superior to BMI and ideal for application in Peru. In addition, the general conclusion of the study is valid; however, the lack of evaluation of temporality due to the same characteristic of the study (cross-sectional study) and the residual bias that it has by not evaluating some variables, makes it necessary to carry out a longitudinal study to be able to support the results of the study. The present critical review finds internal validity in the results of the study, but at the moment they would not be applicable to generalize to the entire population due to the residual bias.