RESUMO
Data mining has proven to be a reliable method to analyze and discover useful knowledge about various diseases, including cancer research. In particular, data mining and machine learning algorithms to study oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common form of oral cancer, is a new area of research. This malignant neoplasm can be studied using saliva samples. Saliva is an important biofluid that must be used to verify potential biomarkers associated with oral cancer. In this study, first, we provide an overview of OSSC diagnoses based on machine learning and salivary metabolites. To our knowledge, this is the first study to apply advanced data mining techniques to diagnose OSCC. Then, we give new results of classification and feature selection algorithms used to identify potential salivary biomarkers of OSCC. To accomplish this task, we used the filter feature selection random forest importance algorithm and a wrapper methodology to evaluate the importance of metabolites obtained from gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) in the context of differentiation of OSCC and the control group. Salivary samples (n = 68) were collected for the control group, and the OSCC group were from patients matched for gender, age, and smoking habit. The classification process occurred based on Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm along with 10-cross validation. The results showed that glucuronic acid, maleic acid, and batyl alcohol can classify the samples with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 versus an AUC of 0.76 using all 51 metabolites analyzed. The methodology used in this study can assist healthcare professionals and be adopted to discover diagnostic biomarkers for other diseases.
RESUMO
La tetralogía de Fallot (TOF) se ha asociado con varios defectos genéticos y puede presentarse simultáneamente con ma-nifestaciones craneofaciales. El paciente odontológico con TOF puede requerir algunos cambios en el plan de tratamiento. El objetivo del presente reporte de caso es mostrar que las extracciones dentales se pueden llevar a cabo en personas con TOF bajo anestesia local, una vez que se realiza la correcta planificación. Cinco dientes supernumerarios fueron extraídos de un paciente adolescente con TOF y se realizó profilaxis antibiótica para evitar la endocarditis infecciosa. La paciente regresó para una nueva evaluación al 7mo día postoperatorio. Él informó que no había sentido molestias o dificultades para comer. El examen bucal postoperatorio confirmó la reparación eficiente de los tejidos en todas las regiones expuestas al procedimiento quirúrgico, sin ninguna señal de infección.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has been associated with several genetic defects and may present concurrently with craniofacial manifestations. The dental patient with TOF may require some changes in the treatment plan. The aim of the present case report is to show that dental extractions can be carried out in TOF individuals under local anaesthesia, since the correct planning is done. Five supernumerary teeth were extracted in adolescent with TOF and antibiotic prophylaxis was performed to avoid infective endocarditis. The patient returned for re-evaluation on the 7th postoperative day. He reported that there had been no discomfort or difficulty in eating. An oral examination confirmed that all extraction sites were healing well, without any indication of infection.
A Tetralogia de Fallot (TOF) está associada a diversas alterações genéticas e pode concomitantemente apresentar manifes-tações craniofaciais. O paciente com comprometimento odontológico geralmente necessita de alterações em seu plano de tratamento. O objetivo do presente estudo, é mostrar, por meio de um relato de caso, que procedimentos cirúrgicos odon-tológicos podem ser realizados em pacientes em TOF sob anestesia local, desde que o correto planejamento seja realizado. Cinco dentes supranumerários foram extraídos de um paciente adolescente com TOF e a profilaxia antibiótica foi realizada previamente ao procedimento cirúrgico, devido ao risco de endocardite infecciosa. O paciente retornou para reavaliação após 7 dias da realização do procedimento relatando que não houve desconforto ou dificuldade para se alimentar. O exame bucal pós-operatório, mostrou reparação tecidual eficiente em todas as regiões expostas ao procedimento cirúrgico, sem qualquer sinal de infecção.
