The usefulness of SAGE score in predicting high pulse wave velocity in hypertensive patients: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Aortic stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an important predictor to evaluate the risk of hypertensive patients. However, it is underutilized in clinical practice. We aimed to identify the optimal cutoff SAGE score that would indicate a risk PWV ≥ 10 m/s in Brazilian ambulatory hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study. Patients underwent central blood pressure measurement using a validated oscillometric device from August 2020 to December 2021. A ROC curve was constructed using the Youden statistic to define the best score to identify those at high risk for PWV ≥ 10 m/s. Results: A total of 212 hypertensive individuals were selected. The mean age was 64.0 ± 12.4 years and 57.5% were female. The following comorbidities were present: overweight (47.6%), obesity (34.3%), and diabetes (25.0%). Most of the sample (68.9%) had PWV < 10 m/s. According to Youden's statistic, a cutoff point of 6 provided the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with a PWV ≥ 10 m/s. This cutoff achieved sensitivity of 97.0%, and specificity of 82.9%. In clinical practice, however, a cutoff point of 7 (where score values of at least 7 were considered to indicate high risk) had a positive likelihood ratio of 8.2 and a negative likelihood ration of 0.346, making this the ideal choice by accurately excluding patients who are less likely to have PWV ≥ 10 m/s. Conclusion: A SAGE score ≥7 identified Brazilian hypertensive patients with a high risk of PWV ≥ 10 m/s.

Vitamin E Does not Favor Recovery After Exercises: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This review aimed to verify the effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, muscle damage, soreness, and strength in healthy adults after exercise. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science from inception to August 2023, with no language restrictions. We included randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the supplementation of vitamin E on the abovementioned outcomes after a bout of physical exercise in healthy participants (no restriction for publication year or language). Meta-analyses were conducted to compare vitamin E and placebo supplementations to obtain a 95% confidence interval (95%IC). Twenty studies were included (n=298 participants). The effect of supplementation was assessed between 0 h and 96 h after the exercise. Compared to placebo, vitamin E had no effects on lipid (95%IC= -0.09 to 0.42), protein (-2.44 to 3.11), SOD (-1.05 to 0.23), interleukin-6 (-0.18 to 1.16), creatine kinase (-0.33 to 0.27), muscle soreness (-1.92 to 0.69), and muscle strength (-1.07 to 0.34). Heterogeneity for the analyses on carbonyls, interleukin-6 (1 h and 3 h), and muscle soreness ranged between 70 to 94%. Supplementing with vitamin E should not be recommended to support the recovery process in healthy individuals after exercise, given the lack of efficacy in the analyzed variables following an exercise session.

Anthropometric measurements and their association with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of anthropometric measurements with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m2 and < 30 kg/m2, low to intermediate global cardiovascular risk scores, and aged ≥ 18 and < 60 years. We assessed the sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables (body weight, height, circumferences of the waist [WC], neck [NC], hip [HC], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), biochemical parameters (lipid profile and nitric oxide), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], by ultrasound), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the amplification index [AIx@75] by oscillometry). Thirty-six individuals were included, 18 eutrophic and 18 with overweight, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 10.2 years, mostly at low cardiovascular risk (86.1%), female (80.6%), single (52.8%), employed with formal contracts (44.4%), and with over twelve years of education (88.9%). Results: The PWV presented positive and moderate correlation with the WC (r = 0.584; P = 0.001), WHR (r = 0.513; P = 0.001), and WHtR (r = 0.590; P = 0.001), and positive and low correlation with the NC (r = 0.372; P = 0.013) and SAD (r = 0.356; P = 0.033). Moreover, no anthropometric parameter presented a correlation with the AIx@75 or the FMD percentage in the total sample. Conclusion: Our findings show that in eutrophic individuals and with overweight the WC, WHR, WHtR, SAD, and NC were positively correlated with the PWV but not to the endothelial function in the overall sample. These are hypothesis-generating findings and they should be replicated in other studies.

Effects of the combination of vitamins C and E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and muscle strength following acute physical exercise: meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Background:The combined supplementation of vitamins C and E potentially can mitigate oxidative stress (OS) and accelerate recovery following exercise. However, there is little evidence and a lack of consensus on the effects of these vitamins for this purpose. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the effects of the combined supplementation of vitamins C and E in OS, inflammatory markers, muscle damage, muscle soreness, and musculoskeletal functionality following acute exercise. Methods: The search was carried out from inception until March 2021, on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, and SPORT Discus. We included placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of combined supplementation of vitamins C and E in OS, inflammatory markers, muscle damage, muscle soreness, and muscle strength following a single bout of exercise. Random-effect meta-analyses were used to compare pre to post-exercise mean changes in subjects who received supplementation with vitamins C and E or placebo versus controls. Data are presented as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Eighteen RCTs, accounting for data from 322 individuals, were included. The use of vitamins attenuated lipid peroxidation (SMD= -0.703; 95% CI= -1.035 to -0.372; p < 0.001), IL-6 (SMD= -0.576; 95%CI= -1.036 to -0.117; p = 0.014), and cortisol levels (SMD= -0.918; 95%CI= -1.475 to -0.361; p = 0.001) immediately, and creatine kinase levels 48 h following exercise (SMD= -0.991; 95%CI= -1.611 to -0.372; p = 0.002). Supplementing the combination of vitamins had no effects on protein carbonyls, reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio, catalase, interleukin-1Ra, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, muscle soreness, and muscle strength. Conclusion: Prior supplementation of the combination of vitamins C and E attenuates OS (lipid peroxidation), the inflammatory response (interleukin-6), cortisol levels, and muscle damage (creatine kinase) following a session of exercise.

Anthropometric measurements and their association with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the association of anthropometric measurements with endothelial function and arterial stiffness of eutrophic individuals and with overweight. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals with body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 kg/m² and < 30 kg/m², low to intermediate global cardiovascular risk scores, and aged ≥ 18 and < 60 years. We assessed the sociodemographic data, anthropometric variables (body weight, height, circumferences of the waist [WC], neck [NC], hip [HC], sagittal abdominal diameter [SAD], [BMI], waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], and waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), biochemical parameters (lipid profile and nitric oxide), endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation [FMD], by ultrasound), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity [PWV] and the amplification index [AIx@75] by oscillometry). Thirty-six individuals were included, 18 eutrophic and 18 with overweight, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 10.2 years, mostly at low cardiovascular risk (86.1%), female (80.6%), single (52.8%), employed with formal contracts (44.4%), and with over twelve years of education (88.9%). Results: The PWV presented positive and moderate correlation with the WC (r = 0.584; P = 0.001), WHR (r = 0.513; P = 0.001), and WHtR (r = 0.590; P = 0.001), and positive and low correlation with the NC (r = 0.372; P = 0.013) and SAD (r = 0.356; P = 0.033). Moreover, no anthropometric parameter presented a correlation with the AIx@75 or the FMD percentage in the total sample. Conclusion: Our findings show that in eutrophic individuals and with overweight the WC, WHR, WHtR, SAD, and NC were positively correlated with the PWV but not to the endothelial function in the overall sample. These are hypothesis-generating findings and they should be replicated in other studies.

Acute effect of coffee on arterial stiffness and endothelial function in overweight and obese individuals: A randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Coffee is one of the most consumed foodstuffs worldwide. Studies of coffee intake in healthy subjects have shown controversial effects on vascular function. However, little is known of coffee intake effects on the endothelium of overweight and obese individuals. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee intake on the endothelial function and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was designed to investigate the effects of regular caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee on the endothelium. Each subject had both caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee, separated by a washout period of seven days. The endothelial function was measured by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) assessed by ultrasound. Arterial stiffness was measured by an automatic oscillometric device. Blood samples were collected to assess the lipid and nitric oxide profiles. RESULTS: There were 18 subjects included in the study, aged 37.4 ± 10.0 years, with an average BMI of 28.96 ± 2.42, with the majority being female (61.1%). The caffeinated coffee increased central systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), central diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001) and pulse wave velocity (P < 0.001), but the decaffeinated coffee did not affect these variables. However, there was a better effect on FMD in the caffeinated coffee intake group (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION: In overweight and obese individuals, caffeinated coffee increased central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity but not the decaffeinated coffee. While caffeinated coffee showed an improvement on hyperemia-induced endothelial function. REGISTRATION NUMBER OF CLINICAL TRIAL: Platform of the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials under number RBR-65cxtr.

Accuracy of SARC-F and SARC-CalF for sarcopenia screening in older women from southern Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of the SARC-F and the SARC-CalF as screening tools for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older women ≥60 y of age. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study evaluating a convenience sample of women ≥60 y of age, living in Southern Brazil. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria proposed in the latest European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus (EWGSOP2). Appendicular muscle mass was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Muscle strength was measured by handheld dynamometry, and physical performance through the 4-m gait speed test. The SARC-F questionnaire and SARC-CalF score for sarcopenia screening were also applied. RESULTS: We evaluated 288 participants, with a mean age of 67.6 ± 5.8 y. The frequency of probable and confirmed sarcopenia in the sample was 7.3% and 2.1%, respectively. The frequency of risk for sarcopenia assessed by the SARC-F was 4.5% and SARC-CalF 22.2%. Despite the excellent specificity (95.4%) demonstrated by the SARC-F, its sensitivity in identifying confirmed cases was null, whereas the SARC-CalF showed high sensitivity (83.3%) and good specificity (79%). CONCLUSION: The present study findings suggested that SARC-CalF may be able to outperform SARC-F as a sarcopenia screening tool in women ≥60 y of age even under the new EWGSOP2 criteria, the main determinant of which is strength as observed in studies based on the previous definition.

Sarcopenia in Brazilian rural and urban elderly women: Is there any difference?

OBJECTIVES: There are many studies concerning sarcopenia prevalence from all over the world. However, to our knowledge, only two compared urban and rural sarcopenia and to date, none have been conducted in the Americas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a convenience sample of women ≥60 y of age who underwent bone densitometry and live in urban and rural areas of southern Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study comprising 205 women ≥60 y of age who had undergone bone densitometry. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. The diagnosis combined the evaluation of muscle mass (assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength (measured using a manual digital dynamometer), and muscular performance (evaluated by the 4-m walking speed test). Sociodemographic data, smoking status, chronic conditions, number of falls and fractures in the past year, and level of physical activity also were collected. RESULTS: Sarcopenia was present in 2.4% of the total sample. Urban and rural populations significantly differed in terms of schooling (P < 0.001), occupation (P = 0.010), socioeconomic status (P = 0.001), and smoking status (P = 0.006). The environment in which the women lived was independently associated with sarcopenia (odds ratio, 9.561; 95% confidence interval, 1.021-89.523; P = 0.048). The prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the urban women than in the rural group (5.7 versus 0.7%, respectively; P = 0.047). After multivariate analysis, the environment of the women's residence remained independently associated with sarcopenia. CONCLUSION: Urban elderly women are more vulnerable to sarcopenia than rural elderly women.

Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Effects of Foods and Nutrients in Classical and Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Diet comprises a mixture of food compounds that has an influence on human health. The relationship between diet and health is extremely complex and strategies to delay or prevent chronic diseases such as CVD are of utmost interest because chronic diseases and more concretely CVD are still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In this mini-review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the principal diet components that potentially influence CVD initiation and progression. Current research refers to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, rich in fruits and vegetables, as the most cardioprotective, because of its high concentration of bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, fiber, phytosterols, vitamins and minerals, which exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects contributing to the delay of CVD initiation and progression.

Moderate Beer Intake and Cardiovascular Health in Overweight Individuals.

Consistent epidemiological evidence indicates that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular event presentation, while high levels of alcohol intake are associated to increased cardiovascular risk. Little is known on the effects of moderate beer intake in the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of moderate and regular daily intake of beer with meals in overweight (body mass index (BMI) of 28⁻29.9 kg/m²) or obese class 1 (BMI of 30⁻35 kg/m²) individuals without other cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, type 2-diabetes, hypertension) focusing on the effects related to changes in weight, in lipoproteins and vascular endothelial function. We have performed an open, prospective two-arms longitudinal crossover study to investigate the effects associated with regular consumption (four week) of alcohol-free-beer (0 g alcohol/day) or traditional-beer (30 g alcohol/day in men and 15 g alcohol/day in women) on anthropometrical and biochemical parameters, liver and kidney function biomarkers, and vascular endothelial function. After four-week intervention with traditional and/or alcohol-free beer, BMI did not show any significant change and values for liver and kidney functions were within the normal levels. Moderate traditional beer intake did not affect lipid levels-however it significantly increased the antioxidant capacity of high density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition, apoB-depleted serum (after the four-week intervention period) showed a higher potential to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Beer consumption did not induce vascular endothelial dysfunction or stiffness. In summary, our results based on a 12-week prospective study provide evidence that moderate intake of beer (traditional and alcohol-free) does not exert vascular detrimental effects nor increases body weight in obese healthy individuals. In contrast, moderate intake of beer increases the anti-oxidative properties of HDL and facilitates cholesterol efflux, which may prevent lipid deposition in the vessel wall.

Association between body mass index and osteoporosis in women from northwestern Rio Grande do Sul / Associação entre o índice de massa corporal e osteoporose em mulheres da região noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Methods: Observational study with postmenopausal women who underwent bone densitometry in Palmeira das Missões - RS. Sociodemographic data, risk for osteoporosis and food intake were assessed through a specific form. BMI was calculated according to WHO criteria. The assessment of BMD was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and classified according to WHO. Statistical analysis was performed using prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals for the factors studied. Variables associated with p < 0.20 with the different outcomes (osteopenia and osteoporosis) were included in a Poisson regression model with robust variance to adjust for potential confounding factors. A 5% significance level was considered. Results: 393 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 59.6 ± 8.2 years participated.After the adjustments, the normal weight women had 1.2 times the prevalence of osteopenia of obese women (PR = 1.2; CI 95% 1.3-1.5). Considering osteoporosis, the PR of euthophic women was twice the PR of obese women (PR = 2; CI 95% 1.4-2.9) and was 1.7 times greater for overweight group compared to obese category (PR = 1.7; CI 95% 1.2-2.5). Conclusion: Obese women had lower prevalence of osteopenia compared with normal weight subjects and also with lower prevalence of osteoporosis as compared to normal- and overweight women.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em mulheres pós-menopáusicas. Métodos: Estudo observacional, com mulheres pós-menopáusicas submetidas à densitometria óssea em Palmeira das Missões (RS). Dados sociodemográficos, de risco para a osteoporose e do consumo alimentar foram avaliados por meio de formulário específico. O IMC foi calculado de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). A avaliação da DMO foi feita por meio de absorciometria por dupla emissão de raios-X (DXA) e classificada de acordo com a OMS. A análise estatística foi feita por meio de razões de prevalência (RP) e os seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança para os fatores em estudo. Variáveis que se associaram com p < 0,20 com os diferentes desfechos (osteopenia e osteoporose) foram incluídas em um modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta para ajuste para potenciais fatores de confusão. Foi considerado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Participaram 393 mulheres pós-menopáusicas, com média de 59,6 ± 8,2 anos.Após os ajustes, as mulheres eutróficas apresentaram 1,2 vez a prevalência de osteopenia das mulheres obesas (RP = 1,2; IC 95% 1,3-1,5). E em relação à osteoporose, no grupo das eutróficas a RP foi duas vezes a RP das obesas (RP = 2; IC 95% 1,4-2,9) e 1,7 no grupo com sobrepeso em relação à categoria obesidade (RP = 1,7; IC 95% 1,2-2,5). Conclusões: As mulheres obesas apresentaram menor prevalência de osteopenia em comparação com as eutróficas, bem como tiveram menor prevalência de osteoporose em comparação com as mulheres eutróficas e com sobrepeso.

Association between body mass index and osteoporosis in women from northwestern Rio Grande do Sul.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Observational study with postmenopausal women who underwent bone densitometry in Palmeira das Missões - RS. Sociodemographic data, risk for osteoporosis and food intake were assessed through a specific form. BMI was calculated according to WHO criteria. The assessment of BMD was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and classified according to WHO. Statistical analysis was performed using prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals for the factors studied. Variables associated with p<0.20 with the different outcomes (osteopenia and osteoporosis) were included in a Poisson regression model with robust variance to adjust for potential confounding factors. A 5% significance level was considered. RESULTS: 393 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 59.6±8.2 years participated. After the adjustments, the normal weight women had 1.2 times the prevalence of osteopenia of obese women (PR=1.2; CI 95% 1.3-1.5). Considering osteoporosis, the PR of euthophic women was twice the PR of obese women (PR=2; CI 95% 1.4-2.9) and was 1.7 times greater for overweight group compared to obese category (PR=1.7; CI 95% 1.2-2.5). CONCLUSION: Obese women had lower prevalence of osteopenia compared with normal weight subjects and also with lower prevalence of osteoporosis as compared to normal- and overweight women.

Association of alcohol consumption with coronary artery disease severity.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The ingestion of small to moderate alcohol consumption amounts has been associated to cardiovascular protection. This study aimed to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and coronary artery disease severity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional Study with patients undergoing coronary angiography. Age, cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, systemic arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes) and alcohol drinking habit were investigated. Alcohol consumption was divided in three categories: nondrinker, moderate alcohol consumption (less than 15 g ethanol/day for women or 30 g ethanol/day for men) and heavy alcohol consumption. Coronary artery disease severity was assessed through the Friesinger Score (FS) in the coronary angiography, by interventional cardiologists blinded to alcohol consumption. RESULTS: The final sample included 363 adults; of those, 228 were men (62.81%). Mean age was 60.5 ± 10.9 y. Unadjusted analyses identified sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and alcohol consumption as the main covariates associated with the Friesinger score. Lower Friesinger scores were also observed in moderate alcohol consumption when comparing to those who do not drink (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.79-0.95). CONCLUSION: Among patients with suspected coronary artery disease undergoing coronary angiography, moderate alcohol consumption is associated to a lower coronary artery disease severity than heavy drinking.

Egg consumption and coronary atherosclerotic burden.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between egg consumption and coronary atherosclerotic burden. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Cardiac catheterization laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients referred for coronary angiography. MEASUREMENTS: Socio-demographic data (age, education level, and occupation), cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, systemic hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and family history of coronary artery disease), and egg-eating habits were assessed using a research questionnaire. Egg consumption was divided into three categories: less than one egg a week; one egg a week; and more than one egg a week. Coronary atherosclerotic burden was assessed by a blinded interventional cardiologist using the Friesinger Score (FS) obtained from the coronary angiography. This score varies from 0 to 15 and evaluated each of the three main coronary arteries separately. For this analysis, the FS was divided into three categories: 0-4, 5-9, and 10-15. RESULTS: The study sample was composed of 382 adult patients; 241 patients (63.3%) were male. The average age was 60.3 ± 10.8 years (range 23-89 years). The egg-eating category was inversely associated with dyslipidemia (p < 0.05) but not with the other cardiovascular risk factors. A significant association was found between egg consumption and FS (p < 0.05), showing that patients who ate more than one egg a week had a lower coronary atherosclerotic burden. By multivariate analysis, the atherosclerotic burden was independently associated with sex, age, hypertension and egg consumption. CONCLUSION: In this observational study of patients undergoing coronary angiography, the consumption of more than one egg per week was associated with a lower coronary atherosclerotic burden.

Association between self-reported oral health, tooth loss and atherosclerotic burden

Previous studies have suggested that oral diseases may influence the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that poor self-reported oral health (SROH) and tooth loss are positively associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden (CAB). 382 consecutive subjects undergoing coronary angiography were included. Socio-demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and oral health status were collected using a standardized questionnaire, including data on SROH and use of dental prosthesis. Number of teeth and anthropometric measures were collected through clinical examinations. CAB at coronary angiography was quantified using the Friesinger score (FS). Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with Poisson regression analyses. Mean age was 60.3 ± 10.8 years, with 63.2% males. In the bivariate analysis, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between CAB and age (> 60y) (PR = 1.01, 95%CI = 1.02-1.16), male gender (PR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.19), smoking (PR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.01- 1.16), hypertension (PR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.03-1.22), diabetes (PR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.05-1.21), poor SROH (PR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.02-1.46) and tooth loss (< 20teeth present) (PR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.02-1.19). The use of dental prosthesis was not associated with CAB. The multivariate models, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia showed that poor SROH (p = 0.03) and tooth loss (p = 0.02) were independently associated with CAB, confirming the study hypothesis.

Association between self-reported oral health, tooth loss and atherosclerotic burden.

Previous studies have suggested that oral diseases may influence the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that poor self-reported oral health (SROH) and tooth loss are positively associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden (CAB). 382 consecutive subjects undergoing coronary angiography were included. Socio-demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and oral health status were collected using a standardized questionnaire, including data on SROH and use of dental prosthesis. Number of teeth and anthropometric measures were collected through clinical examinations. CAB at coronary angiography was quantified using the Friesinger score (FS). Prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with Poisson regression analyses. Mean age was 60.3 ± 10.8 years, with 63.2% males. In the bivariate analysis, there was a significant association (p < 0.05) between CAB and age (> 60y) (PR = 1.01, 95%CI = 1.02-1.16), male gender (PR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.03-1.19), smoking (PR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.01- 1.16), hypertension (PR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.03-1.22), diabetes (PR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.05-1.21), poor SROH (PR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.02-1.46) and tooth loss (< 20 teeth present) (PR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.02-1.19). The use of dental prosthesis was not associated with CAB. The multivariate models, adjusted for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia showed that poor SROH (p = 0.03) and tooth loss (p = 0.02) were independently associated with CAB, confirming the study hypothesis.

Associação de diferentes medidas e índices antropométricos com a carga aterosclerótica coronariana / Association of different anthropometric measures and indices with coronary atherosclerotic burden

FUNDAMENTO: A associação entre parâmetros antropométricos e carga aterosclerótica ainda não está bem estabelecida e poucos estudos na literatura abordam esse tema. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação de diferentes parâmetros antropométricos com a carga aterosclerótica coronariana. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo pacientes adultos submetidos à cineangiocoronariografia. Dados sociodemográficos e fatores de risco cardiovasculares foram coletados em um questionário padronizado. Foram medidos peso, altura, circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência abdominal (CABD), circunferência do quadril (CQ) e circunferência do pescoço (CP), com o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e das relações cintura-quadril (RCQ), circunferência abdominal-quadril (RCABDQ) e cintura-altura (RCALT). A carga aterosclerótica coronariana na cineangiocoronariografia foi medida pelo Escore de Friesinger (EF). Aterosclerose significativa foi considerada quando o EF > 5. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi constituída por 337 pacientes, dos quais 213 eram homens (63,2 por cento). A idade média foi de 60,1 ± 10 anos. Somente a RCQ (r = 0,159 e p = 0,003) apresentou correlação linear significativa com a carga aterosclerótica coronariana medida pelo EF. Quando separamos a amostra por gênero, nas mulheres encontramos correlação significativa da RCABDQ (r = 0,238 e p = 0,008) e da RCQ (r = 0,198 e p = 0,028) com o EF. Não se encontrou nos homens correlação entre parâmetros antropométricos e EF. Após os ajustes para as variáveis sexo, idade, HAS, tabagismo e DM, nenhum parâmetro antropométrico foi associado com a carga aterosclerótica coronariana medida pelo EF na amostra total ou separada por gênero. CONCLUSÃO: Nenhum parâmetro antropométrico foi fator de risco independente para a carga aterosclerótica coronariana.

BACKGROUND: The association between anthropometric parameters and atherosclerotic burden is not well established and few studies have addressed this issue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of different anthropometric parameters with the coronary atherosclerotic burden. METHODS: Adult patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AbC), hip circumference (HC) and neck circumference (NC) were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal circumference-hip ratio (AbCHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The atherosclerotic burden at the coronary angiography was measured through Friesinger score (FS). Significant atherosclerosis was considered when FS > 5. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 337 patients, of whom 213 were men (63.2 percent). The mean age was 60.1 ± 10 years. Only WHR (r = 0.159 and p = 0.003) showed a significant linear correlation with the coronary atherosclerotic burden as measured by FS. When the sample was stratified by gender, we found a significant correlation between women's AbCHR (r = 0.238 and p = 0.008) and WHR (r = 0.198 and p = 0.028) with FS. Men showed no correlation between anthropometric parameters and FS. After adjusting for gender, age, hypertension, smoking and DM, no anthropometric parameter was associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden as measured by FS in the total sample or when separated by gender. CONCLUSION: No anthropometric parameter was an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerotic burden.

Association of different anthropometric measures and indices with coronary atherosclerotic burden.

BACKGROUND: The association between anthropometric parameters and atherosclerotic burden is not well established and few studies have addressed this issue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of different anthropometric parameters with the coronary atherosclerotic burden. METHODS: Adult patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors were collected through a standardized questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference (AbC), hip circumference (HC) and neck circumference (NC) were measured and body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal circumference-hip ratio (AbCHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The atherosclerotic burden at the coronary angiography was measured through Friesinger score (FS). Significant atherosclerosis was considered when FS ≥ 5. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 337 patients, of whom 213 were men (63.2%). The mean age was 60.1 ± 10 years. Only WHR (r = 0.159 and p = 0.003) showed a significant linear correlation with the coronary atherosclerotic burden as measured by FS. When the sample was stratified by gender, we found a significant correlation between women's AbCHR (r = 0.238 and p = 0.008) and WHR (r = 0.198 and p = 0.028) with FS. Men showed no correlation between anthropometric parameters and FS. After adjusting for gender, age, hypertension, smoking and DM, no anthropometric parameter was associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden as measured by FS in the total sample or when separated by gender. CONCLUSION: No anthropometric parameter was an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerotic burden.

Perfil audiológico em policiais militares do estado de São Paulo / Audiology profile in the military police state of São Paulo

Introdução: Os policiais militares constituem uma população exposta a ruído de impacto devido aos treinamentos com armas de fogo. Objetivo: Pesquisar o perfil audiológico em policiais militares do estado de São Paulo, e correlacionar à idade e o tempo de exposição com os achados audiológicos. Método: Neste estudo de série de casos, transversal, foi realizada avaliação audiológica em 200 policiais militares sendo 169 (84,5%) do gênero masculino e 31 (15,5%) do feminino, com idades entre 25 e 45 anos (média de 38,83±5,05), com média de tempo de serviço de 16,80±6,27 anos. Resultados: As principais queixas apontadas foram: zumbido (n= 52 / 26%), disacusia (n=36 / 18%), plenitude auricular (n=24 / 12%) e autofonia (n=24 / 12%). Na imitanciometria foram encontradas 100% de curvas tipo A (JERGER, 1970), e houve presença de recrutamento em 20 (10%) casos. Segundo os resultados da audiometria tonal, os dados obtidos demonstraram que 54 (27%) orelhas direita e 56 (28%) orelhas esquerda apresentaram perda auditiva. Os graus de perda com maior ocorrência foram 1 e 2 (MERLUZZI et al., 1979), com 85 (42,5%) casos. Houve correlação significativa entre a idade e o tempo de exposição com a piora dos limiares audiométricos em ambas as orelhas. Conclusão: A partir da análise dos dados audiológicos foi possível verificar que os policiais militares são uma população que apresenta risco para desenvolver a perda auditiva. Sendo assim, vemos a necessidade de implementação de programa de conservação auditiva para os policiais militares...

Introduction: The military police are a population exposed to noise impact due to training with firearms. Objective: To investigate the audiological profile of the military police in São Paulo state, and to correlate the age and duration of exposure and audiological findings. Method: In this study of case series, cross-sectional audiological evaluation was performed in 200 police officers being 169 (84.5%) were male and 31 (15.5%) females, aged between 25 and 45 years (mean 38.83 ± 5.05), average service time of 16.80 ± 6.27 years. Results: The main complains were: tinnitus (n=52/26%), hearing loss (n=36/18%), ear fullness (n=24/12%) and autophonia (n=24/12%). Impedance were found in 100% of type A curves (JERGER, 1970), and recruitment was present in 20 (10%) cases. According to the results of audiometry, the data showed that 54 (27%) right ears and 56 (28%) left ears had hearing loss. The degree of loss with higher prevalence was 1 and 2 (MERLUZZI et al., 1979), 85 (42.5%) cases. There was significant correlation between age and exposure time with the worsening of audiometric thresholds in both ears. Conclusion: From the audiological data analysis was possible that the military police are a population that presents a risk to develop hearing loss. Thus, we see the need for implementation of hearing conservation program for the military police...