[Extensive and combined resections in poorly differentiated lung cancer]. / Rasshirennye i kombinirovannye rezektsii pri nizkodifferentsirovannom rake legkogo.

The article generalizes an experience with surgical treatment of lung cancer of low-differentiated structures in 108 patients. Extended and combined resections of the lung in such patients were shown to be expedient. From 83 patients who had had bronchial biopsy in the process of preoperative examination 35 patients (42.2%) had results of histological examinations of the biopsy and operative materials which did not coincide. Extended and combined resections for lung cancer of low-differentiated structure gave 5-year survival in 15.6% of the patients.

[The invasion of a tumor into the bronchial wall in central cancer of the lung]. / Rasprostranennost' opukholi v stenke bronkha pri tsentral'nom rake legkogo.

The paper analyzes histological findings of a number of bronchial sections made proximal the visible margins of a tumor in 54 patients operated on for central cancer of the lung. In coincidence of micro- and macroscopic limits of the extension of tumor cells was revealed in 29 (53.7%) patients. Statistical analysis revealed that the extension of tumor invasion obeys the exponential law of distribution. Probability of detecting tumor cells at various distances from the visible margin of the tumor was found. The findings suggest that one may predict that tumor cells can remain in the bronchial stump depending on the level of its elimination.

[Benign tumors of the esophagus]. / Dobrokachestvennye opukholi pishchevoda.

The authors make an analysis of 30 observations of benign tumors of the esophagus (1979-1989). In 13 patients the tumors were found occasionally during the X-ray endoscopic examination, in 7 patients only the diagnosis was established on the basis of their complains, medical history and findings of an instrumental examination. A histological investigation has diagnosed leiomyoma in 10 patients, polyps in 7 patients and fibroma in 1 patient. Eighteen patients had single tumors, 2 patients had large tumors causing considerable obturation of the esophagus lumen. The endoscopic electroexcision was performed in 12 patients. No complications were noted. Only two patients were operated upon. Tumor enucleation was performed in 1 patients following laparotomy and gastrotomy. The other patient was subjected to resection of the esophagus after Torek followed by plasty of the large intestine. Long-term results were followed-up during 2-10 years. No recurrent tumors were noted. The endoscopic electroexcision of the benign esophageal tumors is the radical operation which is though to be the method of choice, especially for elderly patients with coexistent diseases.

[Electron microscopic research on the venous valves of the lower extremities in varicose veins]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie klapanov ven nizhnikh konechnostei pri varikoznoi bolezni.

Electron microscopy of the venous valves in varicose disease shows that dystrophic changes develop on the external and internal surfaces of the valve cusps. Endotheliocytes on the external surface are located longitudinally in relation to valvular axis and on the internal surface they are perpendicular to it. Fragments of the elastic membrane, collagen fibres and smooth muscle cells are seen under the endothelial lining. Endothelium actively regulates proliferative processes of smooth cells secreting the so-called "growth factor of endothelial origin". The development of venous valve pathological changes in varicose disease is accompanied by endothelial damage, disturbance of morphofunctional state of smooth muscle cells and intercellular substance of the vascular wall.

[The extent of resection in rectal cancer]. / Ob urovne rezektsii pri rake priamoi kishki.

The condition of the "tumor field" in cancer of the rectum was studied. The work was performed on 28 preparations of the resected and extirpated rectum as serial paraffin sections in 8 radial directions for a distance of 10 cm from the visible margin of the tumor. The "tumor field" border at the distal direction is not less than 3.5-4 cm with the exophital growth and 4-5 cm with the endophital growth. The "tumor field" contours resemble an ellipse with excentricity in the proximal direction.

[Comparative evaluation of proximal resections in rectal cancer]. / Sravnite'lnaia otsenka proksima'lnykh rezektsii po povodu raka priamoi kishki.

The surgical treatment of rectum cancer in 165 patients with the apparatus AKA-2 for compressive anastomoses was analyzed. The oncological adequacy of proximal resections of the rectum at the distal level of the section not less than 3.5-5 cm from the visually seen margin of the tumor depending on its growth type was shown. Low anterior resection of the rectum in patients with considerable size of the tumors is not oncologically justified.

[Pathogenesis of thrombus formation in varicose veins]. / O patogeneze tromboobrazovaniia v varikozno-izmenennykh venakh.

Under observation there were 60 patients operated upon for varicose dilatation of the lower extremity veins. It was established that the reconstruction of the walls of the altered vessels had a substantial influence on processes of the parietal microthromboformation and facilitated local alteration of hemodynamics and elevation of the aggregation properties of thrombocytes.

[Evaluation of the nucleolar organizer activity of tumor cells in patients with esophageal and stomach cancers]. / Otsenka aktivnosti iadryshkovykh organizatorov opukholevykh kletok u bol'nykh rakom pishchevoda i zheludka.

Silver impregnation findings of normal and cancer cell nucleoli are given for 30 cancer patients with esophageal (16) and gastric (14) carcinoma and 5 controls. It has been shown that the content of silver granules per cell (35.3 +/- 2.4) and per nucleolus (13.3 +/- 0.7) in tumor cells were significantly higher than in normal ones (11.4 +/- 1.9 and 5.3 +/- 0.5, respectively). The importance of these findings for clinical oncology is discussed.

[Transthoracic puncture biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral lung neoplasms]. / Transtorakal'naia punktsionnaia biopsiia v diagnostike perifericheskikh novoobrazovanii legkikh.

Transthoracic puncture biopsy of the lung using an original procedure of application of an unsophisticated trocar was performed in 109 patients with peripheral neoplasms. The procedure was carried out by a surgeon and a roentgenologist and was monitored by means of the TYP-DE-800 TV installation provided with an electronic optical amplifier. Peripheral cancer was identified in 83 cases, metastases of tumors which arose at sites other than the lung--7; chronic abscess--8 and benign lesions in 11 cases. Owing to its high diagnostic value and safety, a wide-scale application of vacuum biopsy should be recommended in cases of peripheral pulmonary neoplasms (segmental and subsegmental) of uncertain etiology.

[Pulmonary microembolism from a blood transfusion and its effect on basic vital body functions]. / Legochnaia gemotransfuzionnaia mikroémboliia i ee vliianie na osnovnye zhiznenno vazhnye funktsii organizma.

Functional and morphological investigations have shown that the transfusion of preserved blood used to fill up the operation blood loss results in pulmonary microembolism by microaggregates. The authors believe functional manifestations of microembolism include disturbances of respiratory function, central hemodynamics, water-electrolyte and protein metabolism, the hemotransfusion pulmonary mciroembolism being an additional stress factor of genesis of the postoperative disease.

[Lung cancer metastasis via the intrapulmonary lymphatic collectors]. / Metastazirovanie raka legkogo po vnutrilegochnym limfaticheskim kollektoram.

In 75 patients operated upon for lung cancer a careful histological assay of the removed regional lymph nodes of intrapulmonary, hilar and mediastinal groups was made. It was found that by the moment of surgery 61 patients had lymphogenic metastases. The direction of metastatic spread mainly corresponds to regional lymph outflow from pulmonary lobes. Therefore there is a reasonable involvement of interlobar lymph nodes. The study enabled the determination of boundaries of rational, oncologically substantiated lobar resections of the lung for cancer and the possible extent of surgical intervention on regional lymphatic collectors.

[Use of pervomur for irrigation of purulent cavities]. / Primenenie pervomura dlia sanatsii gnoinykh polostei.

Experimentally it has been shown that diluted Pervomur (1:3) may be used for the intraoperation washing of the pleural cavity. The use of the diluted drug during the operations for acute purulent diseases of the lungs and pleura made it possible to prevent postoperative pleural empyemas and suppluration of soft tissue wounds in most patients.

[Plastic repair of the abdominal aorta with enzymatically treated lyophilized vascular xenografts]. / Plastika briushnoi aorty fermentativno obrabotannymi liofilizirovannymi sosudistymi ksenotransplantatami.

44 observations on the replacement of the abdominal aorta with vascular xenografts are presented. The enzymatic processing of the grafts clears away the antigenic properties of plasty material and decreases significantly the immunological response of the recipient. Poor results of xenoplasty are due to an inadequate mechanical strength of the graft wall.