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A 62-year-old male undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) for over two years presented with sudden bloody peritoneal dialysate, but no other symptoms. Laboratory tests indicated anemia, and a computed tomographic scan revealed a 4.4 cm tumor in the liver with hemoperitoneum, leading to a diagnosis of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), stage IIIB T4N0M0. The patient underwent a successful laparoscopic segmentectomy, and PD was resumed after a month of hemodialysis without complications. This case underscores the importance of considering malignancy in PD patients presenting with hemoperitoneum, as timely detection of HCC can significantly improve prognosis.
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Previous studies have shown an association between the thalamocortical dysconnectivity and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Whether a single subanesthetic dose of ketamine may change thalamocortical connectivity among patients with TRD is unclear. Whether these changes in thalamocortical connectivity is associated with the antidepressant and antisuicidal effects of ketamine treatment is also unclear. Two resting-state functional MRIs were collected in two clinical trials of 48 patients with TRD (clinical trial 1; 32 receiving ketamine, 16 receiving a normal saline placebo) and 48 patients with TRD and strong suicidal ideation (clinical trial 2; 24 receiving ketamine, 24 receiving midazolam), respectively. All participants underwent rs-fMRI before and 3 days after infusion. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was analyzed in the left/right thalamus. FCs between the bilateral thalamus and right middle frontal cortex (BA46) and between the left thalamus and left anterior paracingulate gyrus (BA8) increased among patients in the ketamine group in clinical trials 1 and 2, respectively. FCs between the right thalamus and bilateral frontal pole (BA9) and between the right thalamus and left rostral paracingulate gyrus (BA10) decreased among patients in the ketamine group in clinical trials 1 and 2, respectively. However, the associations between those FC changes and clinical symptom changes did not survive statistical significance after multiple comparison corrections. Whether ketamine-related changes in thalamocortical connectivity may be associated with ketamine's antidepressant and antisuicidal effects would need further investigation. Clinical trials registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR): Registration number: UMIN000016985 and UMIN000033916.
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OBJECTIVE: Divergent thinking is a critical creative cognitive process. Its neural mechanisms have been well-studied through structural and functional imaging in healthy individuals but are less explored in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Because of the traditional link between creativity and BD, this study investigated the structural correlates of divergent thinking in patients with BD through surface-based morphometry. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with BD I or BD II (35.3 ± 8.5 years) and 56 age- and sex-matched controls (33.9 ± 7.4 years) were recruited. The participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and an evaluation of divergent thinking by using the Chinese version of the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA). FreeSurfer 7.0 was used to generate thickness and surface area maps for each participant. Brainwise regression of the association between cortical thickness or surface area and ATTA performance was conducted using general linear models. RESULTS: Divergent thinking performance did not differ significantly between the patients with BD and the healthy controls. In these patients, total ATTA score was negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle frontal gyrus, right occipital, and left precuneus but positively correlated with the surface area of the right superior frontal gyrus. By contrast, total ATTA scores and cortical thickness or surface area were not significantly correlated among the controls. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that divergent thinking involves cerebral structures for executive control, mental imagery, and visual processing in patients with BD, and the right prefrontal cortex might be the most crucial of these structures.
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Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. However, few studies have investigated brain changes associated with chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that chronic inflammation might be related to brain structural alterations in patients with AD. Objectives: To investigate the association between disease severity (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI]), proinflammatory cytokines, and differences in brain gray matter (GM) volume in patients with AD. Methods: Nineteen patients with AD and 19 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants underwent clinical assessment and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to analyze GM volume differences. Results: Patients with AD exhibited significantly decreased GM volume in many brain regions, such as bilateral precentral gyrus, right frontal pole, and right middle temporal gyrus (P < 0.001), compared with healthy subjects. Notably, in patients with AD, the GM volume in right middle temporal gyrus was negatively associated with both EASI score and proinflammatory cytokines (sIL-2R [soluble interleukin 2 receptor] and TNF-α receptor-1), whereas the GM volume in left precentral gyrus was negatively associated with both EASI score and proinflammatory cytokines (sIL-2R and CRP). Conclusion: Patients with AD demonstrated significant brain GM volume reduction in many brain regions, which is related to disease severity and proinflammatory cytokines.
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BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is a characteristic of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and may result in a higher risk of suicide attempt (SA). Although brain structural abnormalities have been suggested in the pathophysiology of BD, the relationship to impulsivity and suicide in BD is still not clear. METHODS: 52 euthymic patients with BD (26 of them had a history of SA) and 56 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants received clinical assessment, including Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS), and underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging examination. An automated surface-based method (FreeSurfer) was used to measure brain volume and cortical surface area. A general linear model was applied to analyze the association between brain-wise greater gray matter volume (GMV), surface area and BIS scores separately for BD patients with and without SA history. RESULTS: BD patients with SA history scored higher in BIS total score and subscores in attention, motor, cognitive complexity and cognitive instability than those without SA history and controls (all p < 0.01). In patients with SA history, higher BIS scores were associated with greater GMV in the left pars triangularis and greater surface area in left pars opercularis (all p < 0.01). BD patients with SA history showed a greater GMV in inferior frontal gyrus than patients without SA history (p < 0.05). LIMITATION: The cross-sectional design precluded examination of chronological relationships of SA, brain structural abnormalities, and trait impulsivity among BD. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the prefrontal cortex, especially the left inferior frontal gyrus, plays a vital role in trait impulsivity and suicidal behavior among patients with BD.
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Transtorno Bipolar , Humanos , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Ideação Suicida , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Comportamento Impulsivo/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cyclic peptide nanotubes (cPNTs) formed from the spontaneous beta-sheet stacking of peptide rings may serve as a safe and effective oral delivery vehicle/adjuvant for DNA vaccines. AIM: In this study, we sought to determine if a DNA vaccine expressing the VP2 protein of goose parvovirus, adjuvanted with cPNTs, may elicit virus-specific antibody response through oral vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty 20-day-old Muscovy ducks were randomly assigned to two groups of 20 ducks each and vaccinated. Ducks were orally vaccinated (Day 0) and boosted (Day 1 and Day 2) or were mock-vaccinated with saline as the negative control. For immunohistochemical staining, the primary antibody used comprised a rabbit anti-GPV antibody, and the secondary antibody was a goat anti-rabbit antibody. Goat-anti-mouse-IgG was used as a tertiary antibody. IgG and IgA antibody titers in serum were analyzed by the GPV virus-coated ELISA. For IgA antibody analysis, intestine lavage was harvested too. RESULTS: A DNA vaccine, coated with cPNTs, can induce a significant antibody response in ducklings. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from vaccinated ducklings showed that VP2 proteins can be detected in the intestines and livers for up to six weeks, confirming the antigen expression by the DNA vaccine. Antibody analysis found that this vaccine formulation was very efficient at inducing IgA antibodies in the serum and the intestinal tract. CONCLUSION: A DNA vaccine adjuvanted with cPNTs can effectively express the antigen and can significantly induce an antibody response against goose parvovirus through oral vaccination.
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Nanotubos de Peptídeos , Infecções por Parvoviridae , Parvovirus , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Vacinas de DNA , Animais , Coelhos , Parvovirus/genética , Infecções por Parvoviridae/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Parvoviridae/veterinária , Patos , Peptídeos Cíclicos , Formação de Anticorpos , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/prevenção & controle , Imunoglobulina A , Imunoglobulina GRESUMO
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) and Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) are pathogens that can cause zoonotic diseases. P. multocida toxin (PMT) is an important virulence factor that causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs. Suilysin (Sly) is an extracellular protein of S. suis and has been shown to be a potential adjuvant. Previous studies have indicated that subunit vaccines containing several fragments of PMT as antigens are safer than traditional inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines. However, protein-based vaccines need strong adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity. In this study, recombinant PMT-NC (rPMT-NC) protein antigen was formulated with either recombinant Sly (rSly) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) as the adjuvant. The immune responses elicited by these vaccines and the protective efficacy after challenge with live P. multocida were evaluated in piglets. In the dose-dependent test, piglets immunized with the low dose (100 µg) of rSly had increased antigen-specific total IgG, interferon (IFN)-γ gene expression, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations. Compared to piglets in the commercial (Al-gel) adjuvant and the control groups (p < 0.05), piglets in the biological adjuvant groups showed significantly reduced turbinate atrophy, nasal distortion, and lung lesion scores after challenge with P. multocida serotype A. Vaccines containing rSly or CpG adjuvant enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses and protection against P. multocida. This combination of a protein-based antigen formulated with a biological adjuvant showed synergistic and protective effects against atrophic rhinitis and has potential to be developed as part of a bivalent vaccine.
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Pasteurella multocida , Rinite Atrófica , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Rinite Atrófica/veterinária , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/farmacologia , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas , Interferons , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Both current live, attenuated, and killed virus vaccines for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) have their limitations. Here, we report the development of a BVDV subunit vaccine by (i) the expression of a secreted form of a recombinant E2 glycoprotein using BHK21 cells and (ii) determination of the immune responses in mice. The E2 glycoprotein was modified by deletion of the C-terminal transmembrane anchor domain and fusion to a V5 epitope tag. This allowed detection using anti-V5 monoclonal antibodies together with simple purification of the expressed, secreted, form of E2 from the cell media. Furthermore, we genetically fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) linked to E2 via a Thosea asigna virus 2A (T2A) ribosome skipping sequence thereby creating a self-processing polyprotein [GFP-T2A-BVDV-E2trunk-V5], producing discrete [GFP-T2A] and [E2trunk-V5] translation products: GFP fluorescence acts, therefore, as a surrogate marker of E2 expression, BALB/c mice were inoculated with [E2trunk-V5] purified from cell media and both humoral and cellular immune responses were observed. Our antigen expression system provides, therefore, both (i) a simple antigen purification protocol together with (ii) a feasible strategy for further, large-scale, production of vaccines.
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Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Camundongos , Proteínas do Envelope Viral , Anticorpos Antivirais , Glicoproteínas , Proteínas Recombinantes , Vacinas de Subunidades Antigênicas , DiarreiaRESUMO
This study proposes a new diagnostic tool for automatically extracting discriminative features and detecting temporomandibular joint disc displacement (TMJDD) accurately with artificial intelligence. We analyzed the structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 52 patients with TMJDD and 32 healthy controls. The data were split into training and test sets, and only the training sets were used for model construction. U-net was trained with 100 sagittal MRI images of the TMJ to detect the joint cavity between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle, which was used as the region of interest, and classify the images into binary categories using four convolutional neural networks: InceptionResNetV2, InceptionV3, DenseNet169, and VGG16. The best models were InceptionV3 and DenseNet169; the results of InceptionV3 for recall, precision, accuracy, and F1 score were 1, 0.81, 0.85, and 0.9, respectively, and the corresponding results of DenseNet169 were 0.92, 0.86, 0.85, and 0.89, respectively. Automated detection of TMJDD from sagittal MRI images is a promising technique that involves using deep learning neural networks. It can be used to support clinicians in diagnosing patients as having TMJDD.
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Inteligência Artificial , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular , Humanos , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Articulação Temporomandibular/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Temporomandibular/patologia , Côndilo Mandibular/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD) have been consistently found on a single-diagnosis basis in previous studies. However, whether such volumetric abnormalities are specific to a particular disorder or shared by other disorders remains unclear. METHODS: We analyzed the structural MRIs of 160 patients with schizophrenia, 160 patients with bipolar disorder, 160 patients with MDD and 160 healthy controls. We calculated the volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, putamen, caudate, pallidum and lateral ventricles using FreeSurfer 7.0 and compared them among the groups using general linear models. RESULTS: We found a significant group effect on the volumes of the thalamus, hippocampus, accumbens and pallidum. Further post hoc analysis revealed that thalamic volumes in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and MDD were significantly reduced compared to those in healthy controls, but did not differ from one another. Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder also shared a significant reduction in hippocampal volumes. Among the 3 clinical groups, patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower hippocampal volumes and higher pallidal volumes than patients with bipolar disorder and MDD. LIMITATIONS: Differences in psychotropic use and duration of illness among the patient groups may limit the interpretation of our findings. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that decreased thalamic volume is a common feature of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and MDD. Smaller hippocampal and larger pallidal volumes differentiate schizophrenia from bipolar disorder and MDD and may provide clues to the biological basis for the Kraepelinian distinction between these illnesses.
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Transtorno Bipolar , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Esquizofrenia , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipocampo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Putamen , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of cortical thinning in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. However, the association of cortical thickness and cognitive impairment with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) has rarely been investigated. In total, 48 adult patients with TRD and 48 healthy controls were recruited and administered a series of neurocognitive and neuroimaging examinations, including 1-back and 2-back working memory tasks and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whole-brain cortical thickness analysis was performed to investigate the differences in the cortical thickness between patients with TRD and controls. The patients had reduced cortical thickness in the frontal cortex, particularly at the left frontal pole, left inferior frontal cortex, and left anterior cingulate cortex, and left middle temporal cortex compared with the healthy controls. Moreover, in the 2-back working memory task, the cortical thickness in the left frontal pole and left anterior cingulate cortex was positively associated with mean error in the patients, but not in the controls. Reduced cortical thickness in the frontal pole and anterior cingulate cortex is associated with TRD and related cognitive impairment. Our study indicated the crucial effects of the frontal and temporal cortical thickness on the pathophysiology of TRD and cognitive impairment in patients with TRD.
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Disfunção Cognitiva , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Adulto , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/patologia , Depressão , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/patologia , Giro do Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Giro do Cíngulo/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Support vector machines (SVMs) based on brain-wise functional connectivity (FC) have been widely adopted for single-subject prediction of patients with schizophrenia, but most of them had small sample size. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of SVMs based on a large single-site dataset and investigate the effects of demographic homogeneity and training sample size on classification accuracy. METHODS: The resting functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) dataset comprised 220 patients with schizophrenia and 220 healthy controls. Brain-wise FCs was calculated for each participant and linear SVMs were developed for automatic classification of patients and controls. First, we evaluated the SVMs based on all participants and homogeneous subsamples of men, women, younger (18-30 years), and older (31-50 years) participants by 10-fold nested cross-validation. Then, we hold out a fixed test set of 40 participants (20 patients and 20 controls) and evaluated the SVMs based on incremental training sample sizes (N = 40, 80, , 400). RESULTS: We found that the SVMs based on all participants had accuracy of 85.05%. The SVMs based on male, female, young, and older participants yielded accuracy of 84.66, 81.56, 80.50, and 86.13%, respectively. Although the SVMs based on older subsamples had better performance than those based on all participants, they generalized poorly to younger participants (77.24%). For incremental training sizes, the classification accuracy increased stepwise from 72.6 to 83.3%, with >80% accuracy achieved with sample size >240. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that SVMs based on a large dataset yield high classification accuracy and establish models using a large sample size with heterogeneous properties are recommended for single subject prediction of schizophrenia.
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Esquizofrenia , Encéfalo , Feminino , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Descanso , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Máquina de Vetores de SuporteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent imaging studies of large datasets suggested that psychiatric disorders have common biological substrates. This study aimed to identify all the common neural substrates with connectomic abnormalities across four major psychiatric disorders by using the data-driven connectome-wide association method of multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR). METHODS: This study analyzed a resting functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset of 100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 patients with bipolar I disorder, 100 patients with bipolar II disorder, 100 patients with major depressive disorder, and 100 healthy controls (HCs). We calculated a voxel-wise 4,330 × 4,330 matrix of whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) with 8-mm isotropic resolution for each participant and then performed MDMR to identify structures where the overall multivariate pattern of FC was significantly different between each patient group and the HC group. A conjunction analysis was performed to identify common neural regions with FC abnormalities across these four psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: The conjunction of the MDMR maps revealed that the four groups of patients shared connectomic abnormalities in distributed cortical and subcortical structures, which included bilateral thalamus, cerebellum, frontal pole, supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, lingual gyrus, lateral occipital cortex, and parahippocampus. The follow-up analysis based on pair-wise FC of these regions demonstrated that these psychiatric disorders also shared similar patterns of FC abnormalities characterized by sensory/subcortical hyperconnectivity, association/subcortical hypoconnectivity, and sensory/association hyperconnectivity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that major psychiatric disorders share common connectomic abnormalities in distributed cortical and subcortical regions and provide crucial support for the common network hypothesis of major psychiatric disorders.
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Transtorno Bipolar/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Conectoma/métodos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Análise de Regressão , DescansoRESUMO
BACKGROUNDS: The association between systemic inflammation, executive dysfunction, and gray matter (GM) volume difference in first-episode affective disorders, including bipolar and major depressive disorders, is unclear. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with first-episode bipolar disorder, 22 age- and sex-matched patients with first-episode major depressive disorder, and 22 matched controls were enrolled in our study; all patients underwent comprehensive assessments, including clinical assessment, executive function examination (Wisconsin card sorting test [WCST]), proinflammatory cytokine receptors (soluble interleukin-6 receptor and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 [TNFR1]), and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to analyze the GM volume difference between bipolar and major depressive disorders. RESULTS: Patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to exhibit higher levels of TNFR1 (P = .038), more number of deficits in WCST (P < .05), and smaller GM volume in the middle frontal cortex (uncorrected voxel level P < .001) compared with those with major depressive disorder and healthy controls. Positive associations were observed between the middle frontal cortex volume, executive function, and the TNFR1 level. DISCUSSION: GM volume reduction in the middle frontal cortex, a greater level of systemic inflammation, and executive dysfunction were observed in first-episode affective disorders, especially bipolar disorder. A positive correlation between middle frontal cortex volume, executive function, and the TNFR1 level may indicate a divergent effect of brain and systemic inflammation functioning in the early phase (first episode) of affective disorder.
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Transtorno Bipolar , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Cerebral , Citocinas , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Frontostriatal disconnectivity plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. However, whether the baseline functional connectivity of the frontostriatal network could predict the treatment outcome of low-dose ketamine infusion remains unknown. METHODS: In total, 48 patients with treatment-resistant depression were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups (a single-dose 40-minute i.v. infusion) as follows: 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, 0.2 mg/kg ketamine, and saline placebo infusion. Patients were subsequently followed-up for 2 weeks. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed for each patient before infusion administration. In addition, the baseline frontostriatal functional connectivity of patients with treatment-resistant depression was also compared with that of healthy controls. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy controls, patients with treatment-resistant depression had a decreased functional connectivity in the frontostriatal circuits, especially between the right superior frontal cortex and executive region of the striatum and between the right paracingulate cortex and rostral-motor region of the striatum. The baseline hypoconnectivity of the bilateral superior frontal cortex to the executive region of the striatum was associated with a greater reduction of depression symptoms after a single 0.2-mg/kg ketamine infusion. CONCLUSION: Reduced connectivity of the superior frontal cortex to the striatum predicted the response to ketamine infusion among patients with treatment-resistant depression.
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Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Conectoma , Corpo Estriado/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/fisiopatologia , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Ketamina/farmacologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Corpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtorno Depressivo Resistente a Tratamento/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Infusões Intravenosas , Ketamina/administração & dosagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , PrognósticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous individual studies have shown the differences in inflammatory cytokines and gray matter volumes between bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar depression (UD). However, few studies have investigated the association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and differences in brain gray matter volumes between BD and UD. METHODS: In this study, 72 BD patients and 64 UD patients were enrolled, with comparable gender and age distributions (33.8% males and an average age of 39.3 ± 13.7 years). Each participant underwent metabolic profiling (including body mass index (BMI), glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), leptin, insulin, adiponectin), pro-inflammatory cytokine (including soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNF-R1) examinations, and structural magnetic resonance imaging exams. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to investigate the gray matter volume differences between BD and UD patients. Correlations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and the gray matter volume difference were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to UD patients, the BD group had significantly higher BMI, and higher levels of sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 than the UD patients. The BMI significantly correlated with the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, duration of illness and total intracranial volume, the BD individuals had significantly more reduced gray matter volumes over 12 areas: R. cerebellar lobule VIII, R. putamen, L. putamen, R. superior frontal gyrus, L. lingual gyrus, L. precentral gyrus, R. fusiform gyrus, L. calcarine, R. precuneus, L. inferior temporal gyrus, L. hippocampus, and L. superior frontal gyrus. These 12 gray matter volume differences between BP and UD patients negatively correlated with sIL-6R and sTNF-R1 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that BD patients had higher BMI and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in comparison to UD patients, especially IL-6 and sTNF-R1, which may contribute to greater gray matter reductions in BD patients in comparison to UD patients. The results support the neuro-inflammation pathophysiology mechanism in mood disorder. It is clinically important to monitor BMI, which, in this investigation, positively correlated with levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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Transtorno Bipolar/imunologia , Transtorno Bipolar/metabolismo , Transtorno Depressivo/imunologia , Transtorno Depressivo/metabolismo , Substância Cinzenta/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Transtorno Bipolar/patologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Citocinas/metabolismo , Transtorno Depressivo/patologia , Encefalite/imunologia , Encefalite/metabolismo , Encefalite/patologia , Feminino , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Proteção da Criança , Políticas , Seguridade Social , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , TaiwanRESUMO
Studies have indicated thalamus-related network dysfunction in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. However, whether thalamus-related functional connectivity (FC) contributes to the psychopathology and cognitive deficits of early-stage schizophrenia requires further investigation. A total of 34 patients with early-stage schizophrenia (illness duration = 1.62 ± 1.16 years; age = 26.00 ± 6.34 years) and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in our study and underwent comprehensive assessments of the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, working memory tasks, and resting-state FC magnetic resonance imaging. The patients with early-stage schizophrenia had increased FC of the thalamus with the bilateral postcentral and temporal gyri, inferior occipital cortex, and temporal pole and decreased FC of the thalamus with the vestibulocerebellum and frontal pole compared with the controls. Furthermore, increased FC between the thalamus and temporal pole was positively correlated with positive scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and negatively correlated with performance on working memory tasks in early-stage schizophrenia. Increased FC of the thalamus with the inferior occipital cortex was positively associated with negative PANSS scores and negatively correlated with Personal and Social Performance Scale scores in early-stage schizophrenia. Our results supported the vital role of thalamus-related network dysfunction in the psychopathology and cognitive deficits of early-stage schizophrenia.
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Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Conectoma , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Tálamo/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Cerebelo , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Previous evaluation of brain function in schizophrenia has focused on standard experimental tasks, with cerebral response to natural stimuli less clear. This study employed inter-subject correlation (ISC) analysis to investigate the neural basis of humor processing during free viewing of comedy movies in patients with schizophrenia. We recruited 29 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 29 healthy, age- and sex-matched controls. Each participant underwent fMRI scanning during two viewings of three comedy movie clips. The ISC map from each participant pair within each population group and each movie viewing was separately derived. The significance of ISC within a group and between two groups were assessed by bootstrapping. The ISC map from each patient pair were also correlated with the product of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) rating between the same participant pair in schizophrenia patients. Schizophrenia patients showed significant ISC in bilateral lateraloccipital, bilateral superior frontal, left supramarginal, and right lateralorbiofrontal cortices. Compared with the controls, the schizophrenia group exhibited significantly lower ISC in the left superior temporal sulcus, bilateral supramarginal, and bilateral inferiorparietal cortices. Higher clinical severity (higher total PANSS rating) was associated with lower ISC in the middle frontal and middle temporal regions, and also higher ISC in the visual cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, and anterior cingulate. The findings indicated that patients with schizophrenia are characterized by lower ISC in a frontal parietal network while viewing comedy film clips, which implicated a deficit in the cognitive component of humor processing. The lower synchronization in parts of the frontal parietal network also correlated with symptom severity.
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Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologia , Córtex Visual/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Córtex Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Filmes CinematográficosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent genetic and imaging analyses of large datasets suggested that common biological substrates exist across psychiatric diagnoses. Functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities of thalamocortical circuits were consistently found in patients with schizophrenia but have been less studied in other major psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to examine thalamocortical FC in 4 major psychiatric disorders to identify the common connectivity abnormalities across major psychiatric disorders. METHODS: This study recruited 100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 patients with bipolar I disorder, 88 patients with bipolar II disorder, 100 patients with major depressive disorder, and 160 healthy controls (HCs). Each participant underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging. The thalamus was used to derive FC maps, and group comparisons were made between each patient group and HCs using an independent-sample t test. Conjunction analysis was used to identify the common thalamocortical abnormalities among these 4 psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: The 4 groups of patients shared a similar pattern of thalamocortical dysconnectivity characterized by a decrease in thalamocortical FC with the dorsal anterior cingulate, anterior prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal cortex. The groups also showed an increase in FC with the postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior temporal cortex, and lateral occipital areas. Further network analysis demonstrated that the frontoparietal regions showing hypoconnectivity belonged to the salience network. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide FC evidence that supports the common network hypothesis by identifying common thalamocortical dysconnectivities across 4 major psychiatric disorders. The network analysis also supports the cardinal role of salience network abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders.