RESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Local anesthesia (LA) application is a routine dental work in clinic. The aim of present study was to evaluate the extent of biologic effects of LA on periodontal ligaments (PDL) or bone cells (MG63). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local anesthetics (LAs) at different concentrations were added to PDL and MG 63 cells. The viability of the cells was analyzed using an MTT assay. The inflammatory markers, COX-2, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-A, of PDL and MG63 cells treated with LAs were analyzed with a Western blot assay. The extract medium of the LA-treated PDL cells was added to the MG63 cells for subsequent culture and to examine the RANKL, ALP, and OPG expression. The data were statistically analyzed with p < 0.05 set as an indication of significance. RESULTS: The viability of the PDL and MG63 cells was less 50% at LAs concentrations above the 10 mM. At high LA concentrations, the PDL and MG63 cells treated with LAs became spherical in shape, or vesicles developed in the cytoplasm. The IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-A expression in the PDL groups showed no statistical differences between Septanest and Scandonest (p > 0.05). The RANKL expression in the MG63 cells increased as the Septanest and Scandonest concentrations were increased in the PDL extract medium (p < 0.05) after 48 h of culturing. CONCLUSION: The LAs with adrenaline increased inflammation in the PDL and MG63 cells. The LA-treated PDL extract medium increased the RANKL expression in the MG63 cells.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The orthodontic aligner becomes popular worldwide in orthodontic therapy as an esthetic alternative to fixed labial braces. This study evaluated orthodontic tooth movement behavior using different aligner materials and attachment shapes for the movement of a single tooth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First bicuspid extracted resin typodont models were printed with a 3D printer. Three type of attachments, an ellipsoid shape (thick and thin) and a bar, were designed to fit the canine crown surface. Three types of aligner materials, Polyethylene Terephthalate enhanced with glycol (BIOSTAR) Polyethylene Terephthalate (BenQ), and Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) were used to fabricate different aligners. The typodonts with aligners were sunk in a water bath to simulate canine distal movement in vivo. The canine crown, root movement, and long axis angle changes in each step were calculated and recorded. The data were analysed using a oneway ANOVA statistical method. RESULTS: Comparing the three aligners, the changes the long axis of the canine showed that the BENQ group had a smaller change in the long axis angle. The BENQ group canine involved bodily movement, but the canine movement of the BIOSTAR and TPU group involved tipping. Comparing the three attachments, the bar type attachment had more canine crown tipping in the BIOSTAR and TPU groups. The thick and thin ellipsoid-shaped attachments showed no statistical differences in tooth movement. CONCLUSION: Attachment shape or size had little influence on the bodily movement of the tooth. A high modulus material may thus be suitable for clinical applications.