RESUMO
ObjectiveAntibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） have received wide attention all over the world. The purpose of this study was to explore the bacterial community structure， the types and levels of antibiotic resistance genes in a water body in east China， and to compare and analyze the characteristics of microbial species distribution and antibiotic resistance gene distribution in various water environments. MethodsA total of 10 households in Haimen City， Jiangsu Province were selected and their surrounding water environment samples were collected. 21 water samples including river water （4）， Mingou water （9） and well water （8） were collected for metagenomics sequencing， assembled with MetaWRAP， annotated with CARD database， and analyzed with R software. ResultsIn various water bodies， the dominant bacteria phyla was Proteobacteria， the dominant bacteria genera were Deuterostomia， Pseudomonas， Flavobacteriales and Streptomycetaceae. The ARGs annotated were mainly composed of quinolones， aminoglycosides， macrolides and beta-lactams antibiotic resistance genes. The top four relative abundance of resistance genes were macB， RanA， evgS and TxR， The average absolute abundance and expression of resistance genes in well water and Mingou water were higher than those in river water. ConclusionMultiple ARGs are detected to varying degrees in well water， river water， and Mingou water bodies， and the expression of resistance genes in well water and Mingou water bodies is higher than that in river water bodies， possibly due to human production and living activities.
RESUMO
ObjectiveTo explore the status of mild cognitive impairment （MCI） among the elderly in Shanghai communities， and to identify the factors associated with MCI. MethodsThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic （MoCA-B） was used to screen for MCI in elderly adults. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with MCI. ResultsAmong 629 participants， 226 （35.90%） were positive for MCI. Older age （OR=1.04， 95%CI： 1.01-1.07）， lower family income （average OR=2.20， 95%CI： 1.01-4.80； poor OR=2.59， 95%CI： 1.03-6.50）， hearing impairment affecting daily life （OR=1.86， 95%CI： 1.19-2.91）， and anxiety symptoms （OR=1.58， 95%CI： 1.02-2.44） were associated with the positive for MCI. Living in central urban area （OR=0.57， 95%CI： 0.37-0.89） and having higher social support （OR=0.97， 95%CI： 0.94-1.00） were protective factors for MCI. ConclusionThe current status of MCI among the elderly in Shanghai communities is not optimistic. It is important and necessary to establish the cognitive-friendly community for the elderly.
RESUMO
Objectives To investigate the association between the dynamics of thyroid volume and the changes of physical growth in school-aged children as well as to compare the applicability of different thyroid volume indexes,so as to explore more reliable methods for the assessment of thyroid volume.Methods In October 2012,a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select a primary school in Minhang district of Shanghai,Haimen city of Jiangsu province and Yuhuan city of Zhejiang province,respectively.In these areas,a total number of 784 students aged 8-10 years were enrolled in the cohort.Demographic data was collected,while height and weight were measured,with BMI and body surface area (BSA) were calculated.Thyroid volume was examined by B-ultrasonography.Height volume index (HVI),weight and height volume index (WHVI),BMI volume index (BMIV) and BSA volume index (BSAV) were all applied to correct the thyroid volume.All students were followed up,one year later.Results A total of 769 students with complete data on thyroid volume and physical growth were enrolled,including 378 boys (49.16％) and 391 girls (50.84％).Thyroid volume showed an increase with age,while growth of thyroid volume reduced with the increase of age (P＜0.001).The thyroid volume showed a correlation with the changes of physical growth.The growth of height appeared as the dominant influencing factor for thyroid volume growth in those aged 8 and 10 years (P＜0.05),while the growth of weight,BMI and BSA were all influencing factors for thyroid volume on students aged 9 years (P＜0.05).Conclusions Thyroid volume in school-aged children was a factor not only associated with age but also with physical growth which had not been considered in the currently used criteria.The inclusion of items as iodine intake,age,physical growth into the thyroid volume indexes seemed to be more reliable,in practice.For the assessment of goiter,HVI for students aged 8 and 10 years and BMIV for students aged 9 years might serve as better indicators.
RESUMO
Objectives To investigate the association between the dynamics of thyroid volume and the changes of physical growth in school-aged children as well as to compare the applicability of different thyroid volume indexes,so as to explore more reliable methods for the assessment of thyroid volume.Methods In October 2012,a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used to select a primary school in Minhang district of Shanghai,Haimen city of Jiangsu province and Yuhuan city of Zhejiang province,respectively.In these areas,a total number of 784 students aged 8-10 years were enrolled in the cohort.Demographic data was collected,while height and weight were measured,with BMI and body surface area (BSA) were calculated.Thyroid volume was examined by B-ultrasonography.Height volume index (HVI),weight and height volume index (WHVI),BMI volume index (BMIV) and BSA volume index (BSAV) were all applied to correct the thyroid volume.All students were followed up,one year later.Results A total of 769 students with complete data on thyroid volume and physical growth were enrolled,including 378 boys (49.16％) and 391 girls (50.84％).Thyroid volume showed an increase with age,while growth of thyroid volume reduced with the increase of age (P＜0.001).The thyroid volume showed a correlation with the changes of physical growth.The growth of height appeared as the dominant influencing factor for thyroid volume growth in those aged 8 and 10 years (P＜0.05),while the growth of weight,BMI and BSA were all influencing factors for thyroid volume on students aged 9 years (P＜0.05).Conclusions Thyroid volume in school-aged children was a factor not only associated with age but also with physical growth which had not been considered in the currently used criteria.The inclusion of items as iodine intake,age,physical growth into the thyroid volume indexes seemed to be more reliable,in practice.For the assessment of goiter,HVI for students aged 8 and 10 years and BMIV for students aged 9 years might serve as better indicators.
RESUMO
Objective To understand the grade point average (GPA) of degree courses and its in-fluence factors in Master postgraduates in China. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out to collect the data on GPA and the student information in the management system of postgraduates who graduated from Graduate School of Public Health from 2013 to 2015. SPSS 20.0 was used to describe the basic situa-tion, and the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Results During 3-year, totally 213 Master students were graduated with the average GPA of (3.19±0.30). The female had higher GPA than the male subjects [(3.24±0.29) vs. (3.05±0.29), F=17.11, P=0.000], those enrolled by the recommendation than those enrolled by the graduate entry examinations [(3.36±0.25) vs. (3.11±0.28), F=39.36, P=0.000], those graduated from the university of 985 were better than the graduate students from other universities [(3.30±0.29) vs. (3.11±0.28), F=22.14, P=0.000], those with the academic degree than those with the professional degree [(3.31±0.25) vs. (2.99±0.27), F=72.38, P=0.000], and there was a negative relationship between the total credits and GPA of degree courses (r=-0.48, P=0.000). Further, sex, enrollment way, undergraduate university, and total credits of degree courses were independent influence factors under multivariate analysis of variance (all P<0.05). Conclusion These master graduates in medicine have better GPA of degree courses and it can be statistically related to sex, enrollment way, undergraduate university, and total credits of degree courses. Some measures should be developed to enroll more students from better university, improve the master programs, and raise the quality of graduate education management.
RESUMO
Objectives To understand the medication being used among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Chinese communities of large cities.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Beijing,Shanghai,Chengdu and Guangzhou with the total number as 678 COPD cases who were continuously recruited.Subjects were face-to-face interviewed using a structured questionnaire and with medical records checked at the same time.All data were double entered into a database under EpiData 3.1,and analyzed by SAS 9.2.Results One quarter of all the subjects did not receive any clinical treatment.The top three drugs for COPD were expectorant (50.74％),phosphodiesterase inhibitors (49.56％),and leukotriene (49.12％).Totally,there were 36 different types combination of drugs used for COPD and the proportions of drugs being used as one,two,and three or more at the same time were 29.5％(200 cases),39.7％(269 cases) and 30.8％(209 cases) respectively.In addition 36.6％ (248 cases) of them used oxygen.There were statistical correlations between drug-use patterns and the severity of COPD.Conclusion The patterns of medication varied over COPD cases in communities from Chinese large cities and appeared differently under the recommendations in the clinical guidelines set for COPD.Guidance and surveillance programs on drugs use for COPD should be improved on patients with COPD in the Chinese communities.
RESUMO
Objectives To understand the medication being used among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in Chinese communities of large cities.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Beijing,Shanghai,Chengdu and Guangzhou with the total number as 678 COPD cases who were continuously recruited.Subjects were face-to-face interviewed using a structured questionnaire and with medical records checked at the same time.All data were double entered into a database under EpiData 3.1,and analyzed by SAS 9.2.Results One quarter of all the subjects did not receive any clinical treatment.The top three drugs for COPD were expectorant (50.74％),phosphodiesterase inhibitors (49.56％),and leukotriene (49.12％).Totally,there were 36 different types combination of drugs used for COPD and the proportions of drugs being used as one,two,and three or more at the same time were 29.5％(200 cases),39.7％(269 cases) and 30.8％(209 cases) respectively.In addition 36.6％ (248 cases) of them used oxygen.There were statistical correlations between drug-use patterns and the severity of COPD.Conclusion The patterns of medication varied over COPD cases in communities from Chinese large cities and appeared differently under the recommendations in the clinical guidelines set for COPD.Guidance and surveillance programs on drugs use for COPD should be improved on patients with COPD in the Chinese communities.
RESUMO
Achieving the millennium development goals and world peace and development are closely linked objectives, and WHO having been made great achievements and progress in the health sector through its related ob -jectives.All health-related millennium development goals such as maternal and child health , HIV/AIDS prevention and control , malaria and tuberculosis , safe drinking water and sanitation , and foreign medical assistance had been basically reached in China .This success was mainly due to the government attention and commitment , legal protec-tion, health information technology-informatization, effective projects and measures , but there are still differences in health status between regions and population groups , and increasing needs of health services quality improvement and chronic diseases control and prevention should be paid great attention in the future .
RESUMO
Objective To understand the association between IKZF3 gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Han ethnic group in southern China.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 213 SLE patients and 234 healthy controls.Venous blood samples were collected from them to measure single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IKZF3 by using the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Multivariate logistic analysis and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method were used under multiple genetic models (additive,dominant,recessive),to analyze the association between IKZF3 and SLE susceptibility or different clinical features and gene-gene interactions.In addition,bioinformatics analysis was also conducted.Results As for rs114509391,CA genotype might decrease the risk of SLE compared with AA genotype (OR=0.14,95％CI:0.03-0.56,P=0.006) and significant association was also observed under dominant model (OR=0.26,95％CI:0.09-0.81,P=0.02).Stratified analysis indicated that rs9635726 and rs9909593 were related to SLE onset.The study of clinical features showed that rs907091 was associated with both renal disorder (additive:OR=0.59,95％CI:0.35-0.98,P=0.043) and anti-SSB (dominant:OR=0.41,95％CI:0.18-0.96,P=0.040).rs9635726 GG and GA genotype might decrease the risk of anti-SSB compared with AA genotype (OR=0.37,95％ CI:0.16-0.88,P=0.025).In addition,bioinformatics analysis indicated that all the studied SNPs were functional.Conclusion IKZF3 rs114509391,rs9635726 and rs9909593 polymorphisms might be related to SLE susceptibility in Han ethnic group in southern China and rs9909593,rs907091 might be associated with renal disorder and anti-SSB.
RESUMO
Objective To understand the association between IKZF3 gene polymorphism and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Han ethnic group in southern China.Methods A case-control study was conducted among 213 SLE patients and 234 healthy controls.Venous blood samples were collected from them to measure single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IKZF3 by using the method of restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Multivariate logistic analysis and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) method were used under multiple genetic models (additive,dominant,recessive),to analyze the association between IKZF3 and SLE susceptibility or different clinical features and gene-gene interactions.In addition,bioinformatics analysis was also conducted.Results As for rs114509391,CA genotype might decrease the risk of SLE compared with AA genotype (OR=0.14,95％CI:0.03-0.56,P=0.006) and significant association was also observed under dominant model (OR=0.26,95％CI:0.09-0.81,P=0.02).Stratified analysis indicated that rs9635726 and rs9909593 were related to SLE onset.The study of clinical features showed that rs907091 was associated with both renal disorder (additive:OR=0.59,95％CI:0.35-0.98,P=0.043) and anti-SSB (dominant:OR=0.41,95％CI:0.18-0.96,P=0.040).rs9635726 GG and GA genotype might decrease the risk of anti-SSB compared with AA genotype (OR=0.37,95％ CI:0.16-0.88,P=0.025).In addition,bioinformatics analysis indicated that all the studied SNPs were functional.Conclusion IKZF3 rs114509391,rs9635726 and rs9909593 polymorphisms might be related to SLE susceptibility in Han ethnic group in southern China and rs9909593,rs907091 might be associated with renal disorder and anti-SSB.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the association between thyroid volume and physical growth of school-age children, and to compare volume indexes of individual thyroids for reference of selection of assessment indicators.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All the students of the 12 classes of grades 3-5 at a primary school in Minhang district, Shanghai were rounded up with a multi-stage cluster sampling, for physical examinations to measure their height, weight, Body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA), followed by B-ultrasonography to measure their thyroid volume. Data of the measurements were calculated to learn their height corrected volume index (HVI), weight and height corrected volume index (WHVI), BMI corrected volume (BMIV), and BSA corrected volume (BSAV) individually. Their urine and salt samples were collected to measure iodine concentration in urine and salt. Individual indexes were studied for their association with the growth and development indexes of children.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thyroid volume data were collected for 485 students, including 258 boys (53.2%) and 227 girls (46.8%). Their height, weight, BMI and BSA were found to be positively correlated with their age (P < 0.05). For children of the same age group, their thyroid volume was also positively correlated with their physical development indexes. Of all the thyroid indexes, the difference between BSAV physical development factors had no statistical association (with partial-correlation coefficients for age, gender, height, and weight being 0.07, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.02 respectively), and their thyroid volume, HVI, BMI and weight were correlated to age, height and weight.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thyroid volume was associated with age and weight. It was inappropriate to diagnose goiter with criteria of age, gender and thyroid volume. BSAV was recommended for its non-association with age, gender and weight and its stability.</p>
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Massa Corporal , Superfície Corporal , Peso Corporal , China , Bócio , Diagnóstico , Iodetos , Iodo , Tamanho do Órgão , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Glândula TireoideRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the antibiotic and sex hormone residue level in the Eriocheir sinensis sold in markets in Shanghai.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty six mitten crabs were collected through convenient sampling in Xuhui and Changning districts in Shanghai in 2014. The residues of 13 antibiotics (4 quinolones, 3 sulfonamides, 2 tetracyclines, 2 amphenicols, 1 macrolides, and trimethoprim) and 7 sex hormones (4 endogenous sex hormones and 3 synthetic sex hormones) were detected by the isotope dilution method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in visceral organs and muscles of crabs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 7 antibiotics were detected in visceral organs or muscles of crabs, including 3 quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin), 3 sulfonamides (sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole) and trimethoprim. In visceral organs, the overall antibiotic detection rate was 32.1%, the maximum sum of mass concentration was 23.8 µg/kg, and the 75th percentile was 1.45 µg/kg. In muscles, the overall antibiotic detection rate was 39.3%, the maximum sum of mass concentration was 40.5 µg/kg, and the 75th percentile was 1.75 µg/kg. No sex hormones were detected in both visceral organs and muscles.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The antibiotic and sex hormone residue level in the Eriocheir sinensis sold in markets in Shanghai did not exceed the national standard, indicating that no risk was posed to human health.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Antibacterianos , Braquiúros , Química , China , Comércio , Resíduos de Drogas , Fluoroquinolonas , Hormônios Esteroides Gonadais , Quinolonas , Sulfonamidas , TetraciclinasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the distribution of allergen tested by skin prick test (SPT) in about 5,843 allergic rhinitis patients in south Shanghai.@*METHOD@#SPT test was conducted in 5,843 allergic rhinitis patients who came to our clinic from January 2007 to August 2012. The result was analyzed by age, sex and year.@*RESULT@#The top three allergens by percentage are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae and fungus among 15 common allergens. Incidence rate between male and female in each year had statistical significance, both of which showed no increasing trend with year. Incidence rates among different age groups aging from 6 to 17 years' old had no statistically significant difference, but statistically significant difference among different age groups existed in other age groups. Incidence rate showed increasing trend with year in age group of 40-65, which was not observed in other groups. The incidence rate showed decreasing trend with age in male and female, while the incidence rate in male was always higher than female.@*CONCLUSION@#In south Shanghai, primary allergens causing allergic rhinitis are dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae and fungus. Statistically significant difference about allergic rhinitis existed in age and sex. SPT has important significance in diagnosis of allergens.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Alérgenos , Alergia e Imunologia , China , Epidemiologia , Rinite Alérgica , Diagnóstico , Epidemiologia , Alergia e Imunologia , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
To reduce morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life for patients with diabetes,the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study was initiated as health education and behavior intervention in the 1980s in Daqing City.576 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were recruited and randonized into a clinical trial,either to a control group or to one of three active treatment groups:diet only,exercise only,or diet plus exercise.Follow-up evaluation examinations were conducted 2-year intervals over a 6-year period and after 20-year period to identify subjects who developed diabetes mellitus.Diet and/or exercise interventions led to a significant decrease in the incidence of diabetes over a 6-year and 20-year period among those with IGT.The implementation of this study indicates that diabetes can be prevented through health education and behavioral intervention,and the prevention of diabetes and other chronic diseases should also focused on strengthening the muhi-sectoral cooperation,developing professional skills of health care providers,re-orientating health care services toward prevention of illness and promotion of health.
RESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to explore the roles of three common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the X-ray repair cross-complementing group-1 gene (XRCC1) and of life style factors and their possible interactions in the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A population-based case-control study of 432 cases and 915 controls was conducted in Yangzhong County, Jiangsu Province, China. Subjects were interviewed by trained interviewers using a structured questionnaire that included questions on demographics and life style. XRCC1 genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations of ESCC with XRCC1 polymorphisms and lifestyle-related factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the drinking of river water and alcohol intake history were significantly associated [SW1]with an increased risk of ESCC among men with aORs of 4.20 (95% CI: 2.90-6.07) and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.43-2.89), respectively. For women, the corresponding odds ratios were 8.37 (95% CI: 5.09-13.75) for river water drinking and 12.78 (95% CI: 2.69-60.69) for long-term stored rice intake. After the XRCC1 G28152A polymorphism was adjusted for potential confounders, subjects with GA and AA genotypes had an increased risk for ESCC (aOR: 1.21, 95% CI: 0.93-1.56), compared with subjects with a GG genotype, and a positive multiplicative interaction between intake of long-term stored rice and the XRCC1 G28152A polymorphism was observed (P=0.009).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our findings suggest that both lifestyle-related factors, including drinking river water, long-term stored rice and alcohol intake, and the XRCC1 G28152A polymorphism were possible risk factors for ESCC, and that the XRCC1 G28152A polymorphism modified the effect of long-term stored rice intake on the risk of ESCC among Chinese people.</p>
Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Epidemiologia , Genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas , Epidemiologia , Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genética , Oryza , Polimorfismo Genético , Genética , Proteína 1 Complementadora Cruzada de Reparo de Raio-XRESUMO
Objective To explore the association of CD22 gene T＞A locus (SNPrs2267574) with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and SLE phenotypes in Southern Chinese Han people.Methods Two hundreds fifteen cases and 216 normal controls were enrolled with the aim of case-control design,and the genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP.We calculated X2 and ORs for association study.Results In CD22 gene T＞A locus,there was significant difference of genotypes distribution between cases and controls (X2=6.086,P＜0.05).The frequency of AT genotype was higher in cases than in controls (OR=1.68,95%CI:1.08～2.60,P=0.021 ),and A allele had a higher proportion in cases (OR=1.58,95%CI:1.09～2.29,P=0.015).Meanwhile,the frequency of A allele in patients with positive anti-SSA was higher than in patients with negative anti-SSA (OR=3.69,95%CI:2.08～6.52,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion In Southern Chinese Han population,CD22 gene T＞A locus is associated with the development of SLE and the A allele has positive association with anti-SSA.
RESUMO
Objective: To describe the prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptom and disorder in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) in the general hospitals.Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four main cities in China in 2004.359 eligible subjects with CHD were recruited from the outpatient or inpatient departments within six months.Face-to-face interviews were used in data collection together with the self-completed HAD scale for depressive and/or anxiety symptom screening.Subjects getting a HAD score of 9 and above were further assessed for depressive and/or anxiety disorders with HAMA scales and HAMD scales by the licensed psychologists or psychiatrists.Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms,anxiety symptoms,depressive and anxiety symptoms,and total depressive and/or anxiety symptoms were 19.8%,16.7%,13.6% and 22.8% respectively in patients with CHD.Less than 4% of the subjects had been diagnosed or treated for the depressive or anxiety disorders prior to the investigation.In inpatients,the diagnosis and treatment rate was low to less than 1% during the current admission.Conclusion: It was noticeable to health care providers and health policy makers that there was high prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms and depressive and/or anxiety disorders,and low percentages of previous diagnosis and treatment in patients with CHD in general hospitals.
RESUMO
Objectives This study was to describe the prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptom and disorder in outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional dyspepsia (FD) in the comprehensive hospitals in big cities, China. Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted in three main cities in China in 2004. Six hundred and eight eligible subjects with IBS or FD were recruited consecutively from the outpatient departments within 3 months. Face-to-face interview was used in data collection together with the self-completed HAD scale for depressive and/or anxiety symptom screening. Subjects getting a HAD score of 9 and above were further assessed for depressive and/or anxiety disorders with HAMA scales and HAMD scales by the licensed psychologists or psychiatrists. Results The prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms was 24. 8% and 23. 6% respectively in outpatients with IBS or FD. And among detected depressive and/or anxiety symptoms, the prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety disorder was 69. 6% and 68. 7% respectively; Less than 12% of subjects had obtained a diagnosis of depressive disorders and been treated, and less than 8% of subjects had obtained a diagnosis of anxiety disorders and been treated prior to the investigation. The prevalence of anxiety symptom in female patients with IBS was significantly higher than male patients (17. 0% vs. 8. 7%; X2=4. 432,P = 0. 035); among detected depressive and/or anxiety symptoms, the prevalence of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, depressive and anxiety disorder and depressive and/or anxiety dis order in female patients with IBS were higher than those in male patients (52. 6%vs. 25. 0% ,X2 = 4. 612, P=0. 032; 79. 5% vs. 53. 8%,X2=4. 815, P = 0. 028; 51. 4% vs. 21. 7%,X2=5. 112,P = 0. 024; 78. 6% vs. 55. 6%,X2=4. 112,P = 0. 043). Conclusions It is important for healthcare providers and health policy makers to note that the prevalence of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms and depressive and/or anxiety disorders are high and the percentages of previous diagnosis and treatment in outpatients with somatic diseases in general hospitals of urban China are rather low.
RESUMO
Objective To make sure whether there is any association between genetic polymorphism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ? and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Method PCR RFLP was used.A population based and family based study was carried out in 99 SLE patients,116 health controls and 12 families.Results The TNF ?2 allele frequency of SLE patients was significantly different from that of controls ( P
