RESUMO
There has been increased interest in Targeted Biologicals in the United States for several reasons. First, new technology is available to facilitate science-based isolate selection and manufacture. The science of Autologous/Targeted Biologicals will be discussed later in this presentation. A second reason for the increased interest in Targeted Biologicals is the fact that the livestock production methods have changed to favour herd/flock specific products controlled by a veterinarian. There have been changes in management methods such as segregated early weaning in swine, accelerated feeding and early weaning of dairy calves, and forced moulting in poultry. Herds and flocks have increased in stocking density and size. These factors stress animals and may facilitate mutation, strain variation and increased virulence of pathogens. Under these conditions, Traditional Biologicals may not be relevant to current field isolates. Many veterinarians favour vaccinating only for pathogens isolated from a herd/flock. A third reason for the increased interest in these products is that the licensing procedure for Targeted Biologicals is responsive to the needs of livestock producers. The process is abbreviated, requiring much less time and money. This allows for a more rapid response to emerging pathogens, strain variations and mutations, while facilitating the development of monovalent and multivalent products for limited markets or those for minor species.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos , Produtos Biológicos/normas , Regulamentação Governamental , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Controle de Qualidade , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and United States of America (USA) veterinary biologicals manufacturers, philosophically favour more humane test methods, but have limited funding to develop and implement them. Progress can be made by expanding the focus on animal tests considered for replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs). In addition, animal usage requirements and defensive research costs can be made more reasonable, freeing resources to meet consumer needs.
Assuntos
Alternativas aos Testes com Animais , Indústria Farmacêutica/economia , Vacinas , Animais , Humanos , Patologia Veterinária , Estados Unidos , United States Department of Agriculture , Vacinas/economiaRESUMO
Inactivated feline parvovirus vaccine produced in a continuous feline cell line evoked a protective canine parvovirus antibody titer and prevented virus shedding following challenge in previously seronegative puppies. Post-vaccinal reactions to the vaccine were not observed in laboratory puppies vaccinated with multiple doses of vaccine or in vaccinated puppies from 5 clinics and/or animal shelters.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/prevenção & controle , Parvoviridae , Vacinas Virais , Viroses/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Parvoviridae/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/normas , Viroses/imunologia , Viroses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Singer Strain bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) modified live-virus vaccine, produced in a continuous bovine cell line using equine serum in the growth medium, evoked a high level of serum antibodies and protected against virulent challenge in vaccinated calves. Transmission of vaccinal virus from vaccinated cattle to susceptible controls did not occur when vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle were kept in constant contact for 23 days. Postvaccinal reactions to the viral vaccine were not observed in vaccinated cattle from 10 feedlots or in cattle vaccinated with multiple doses of the experimental vaccine.
