Assuntos
Busca de Comunicante/métodos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/transmissão , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Técnicas Imunológicas/métodos , Técnicas Imunológicas/normas , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/métodos , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/normas , Tuberculose/patologiaAssuntos
Técnicas de Diagnóstico do Sistema Respiratório/normas , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/normas , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Busca de Comunicante , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , HIV , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/métodos , Tuberculose Latente/metabolismo , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Tuberculose/metabolismoAssuntos
Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/normas , Migrantes , Adolescente , Adulto , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/métodos , Migrantes/legislação & jurisprudência , Migrantes/psicologia , Migrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/etnologia , Tuberculose/transmissão , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To our knowledge, the proportion of active tuberculosis diagnosed after 12-18 months during a screening tuberculosis process in a specialized centre (centre de lutte antituberculeuse [CLAT]) has not been described in France. The majority of other countries do not have any recommendation to screen at this time. METHODS: We evaluated the number of treated or not treated latent tuberculosis infections (LTI) identified during tuberculosis screening. We identified the causes of ITL non-treatment, the number of active disease cases and the proportion of subjects lost to follow-up after 12-18 months. RESULTS: Among the 1066 contact subjects, 159 (15 %) had a positive QuantiFERON-TB-Gold In-Tube(®) test. A prophylactic treatment with Rifinah(®) was given to 97 (61 %) subjects, 7 (7.3 %) having developed side effects that led to treatment interruption. A high proportion (56 %) of contact subjects were lost of follow-up and the main reason for no prophylactic treatment (20/52, 38 %) was due to these losses. No active disease cases were identified among the 474 (44 %) contact subjects who had a chest X-ray after 12-18 months follow-up by the CLAT. The low level of positive QuantiFERON-TB-Gold In-Tube(®) tests (15 %) could be explained by the high specificity of this test and the strong proportion of occupational contacts, of whom a probably significant number were not exposed to active disease. CONCLUSION: The absence of active disease at 12-18 months and a majority (56 %) of contact subjects lost from follow-up at this period let us propose not to recall contact subjects at 12-18 months with the exception of those living under the same roof as the index case and/or those having a cumulative contact time of greater than 100 hours during the theoretical infectious period. This proposal remains to be confirmed by other studies, particularly including possible secondary cases diagnosed outside the screening periods by the CLAT.
Assuntos
Busca de Comunicante/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose Latente/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Estudos Longitudinais , Perda de Seguimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Paris/epidemiologia , Radiografia Torácica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Oseltamivir or zanamivir are effective in outpatients with seasonal influenza; however, factors associated with response have been incompletely described. During the 2008/2009 epidemic, in a randomized trial for influenza A-infected outpatients, clinical (time to alleviation of flu-related symptoms) and virological (rate of patients with day 2 nasal viral load <200 cgeq/µL) responses to oseltamivir or zanamivir were assessed and associated factors were determined using multivariate analysis. For oseltamivir (141 patients) and zanamivir (149 patients) median times to alleviation of symptoms were 3 and 4 days, respectively; 59% and 34% had virological response. For oseltamivir, a lower clinical response was associated with female gender (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.79), baseline symptoms score >14 (HR, 0.47; 0.32-0.70), viral load ≥5 log cgeq/µL (HR, 0.63; 0.43-0.93), and initiation of antibiotics (HR, 0.30; 0.12-0.76); a lower virological response was associated with female gender (OR, 0.45; 0.21-0.96), baseline viral load ≥5 log cgeq/µL (OR, 0.40; 0.20-0.84) and days 0-2 incomplete compliance (OR, 0.31; 0.10-0.98). For zanamivir, virological response was associated with age ≥50 years (OR, 0.29; 0.10-0.85) and initiation of antibiotics at baseline (OR, 4.24; 1.07-17.50). Factors associated with lower response to neuraminidase inhibitors in outpatients appeared to be easily identifiable during routine clinical examination and, when appropriate, by nasal sampling at baseline. The unknown association between gender and response to oseltamivir was not explained by compliance.