Asociación entre variables indicadoras del nivel socioeconómico del lugar de residencia en Sevilla y la incidencia y frecuentación hospitalaria pediátrica por tosferina / Association between indicators of neighbourhood socioeconomic status in Seville and the incidence of pertussis and related hospital admissions in children

Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la asociación entre nivel socioeconómico del lugar de residencia y la incidencia y frecuentación hospitalaria infantil por tosferina.Material y método: estudio observacional, transversal, con dos unidades de observación de menores de 15 años residentes en Sevilla: 1) hospitalizaciones en los dos hospitales públicos de la ciudad por cualquier motivo (2013-2015): n = 7315; y 2) casos declarados confirmados de tosferina (2013-2017): n = 102. Las variables independientes fueron edad, sexo y residencia en zonas con necesidad de transformación social (ZNTS), en riesgo de pobreza (ZRP) y con educación insuficiente (EIZR). Las variables dependientes fueron hospitalizaciones y casos declarados confirmados de tosferina. Se realizaron análisis univariantes, bivariantes y multivariantes en la unidad Hospitalizaciones, mediante test χ2 y modelos de regresión logística, con el programa R. Se calcularon tasa y razón de incidencia por subdistritos en la unidad casos declarados. Resultados: el 1,12% de las hospitalizaciones fue por tosferina (n = 82). Entre el 2,0 y el 2,4% de las hospitalizaciones por tosferina procedieron de los subdistritos más desfavorecidos, en comparación con el 0,8 y 0,9% del resto de la ciudad (p <0,001). Las odds ratios, ajustadas por edad y sexo, y sus intervalos de confianza del 95%, fueron: ZNTS = 2,76 (1,74-4,32), ZRP = 2,48 (1,47-4,04) y EIZR = 2,17 (1,38-3,39). La razón de incidencia también fue superior en las zonas más desfavorecidas (2,50, 1,99 y 2,01, respectivamente). Conclusiones: el menor nivel socioeconómico de las áreas residenciales de Sevilla se asocia a la mayor frecuentación hospitalaria e incidencia de tosferina infantil (AU)

Introduction: the aim of our study was to analyse the association between the SES of the neighbourhood of residence and the incidence of pertussis and frequency of hospital visits associated with pertussis in the paediatric population.Material and methods: we conducted a cross-sectional observational study, with 2 sets of observations in children under 15 years living in Seville: 1) admissions for any reason to the 2 public hospitals of Seville (2013-2015; n = 7315) and 2) reported cases of pertussis (2013-2017; n = 102). The independent variables were age, sex and residence in areas in need of social transformation (ANSTs), areas at risk of poverty (ARPs) and areas with low educational attainment (ALEAs). In the analysis of the reported cases data set, we calculated the incidence and incidence ratio for each subdistrict.Results: of the total hospital admissions, 1.12% (n = 82) were due to pertussis. Between 2.0 and 2.4% of admissions in children that resided in disadvantaged subdistricts were due to pertussis, compared to 0.8 to 0.9% in children living in the rest of the city (p <0.001). The sex- and age-adjusted odds ratios (with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals) were: ANST 2.76 (1.74-4.32) for ANSTs, 2.48 (1.47-4.04) for ARPs and 2.17 (1.38-3.39) for ALEAs. The incidence ratios were also higher in these disadvantaged areas (2.50, 1.99 and 2.01, respectively).Conclusions: low neighbourhood socioeconomic status in Seville was associated with a higher incidence of pertussis and a higher frequency of related hospital admissions in the paediatric population. (AU)

Desigualdades de género en la autoría de las principales revistas médicas españolas durante el año 2017 / Gender inequalities in authorship of the main Spanish medical journals in 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo del estudio es analizar la desigualdad de género en la producción científica de las revistas médicas españolas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio transversal de las principales revistas médicas españolas clasificadas por SCImago Journal & Country Ranking (n = 24) y sus publicaciones (n = 3.375) durante el año 2017. Se calculó la ratio mujer/hombre de autoría según revista y tipo de artículo. Los análisis bivariantes se desarrollaron con la variable dependiente tipo de artículo y las independientes: sexo, centro de trabajo y país de primeras y últimas autorías. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística para el cálculo de las odds ratios ajustadas (ORa) con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%) del sexo de autoría según el tipo de artículo, mediante el programa estadístico R. RESULTADOS: El número total de firmantes fue 16.252 (44,2% mujeres, 53,9% hombres y 1,9% sexo no identificado). Las mujeres representaron el 46% de las primeras autorías y el 33,5% de las últimas. Las mujeres fueron primeras autoras de Editoriales con menor frecuencia que los hombres (ORa 0,39; IC 95% 0,30-0,51), pero con mayor frecuencia en los Originales (ORa 1,55; IC 95% 1,33-1,80). Las mujeres fueron últimas autoras con menor frecuencia en todos los tipos de artículos, especialmente en Editoriales (ORa 0,50; IC 95% 0,35-0,70). La ratio mujer/hombre del total de autoras y autores fue inferior a 0,80 en 10 de las 24 revistas analizadas (41,7%). CONCLUSIONES: Se demuestra la desigualdad de género en la autoría de las principales revistas médicas españolas en el año 2017, principalmente en las últimas autorías y los Editoriales

INTRODUCTION: Some studies have shown a lower female participation in scientific publications. The objective of this study is to analyse the gender inequalities in the main Spanish journals of medical publications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study of the main Spanish medical journals classified by SCImago Journal & Country Ranking (n = 24) and their publications (n = 3.375), during the year 2017. Women/men ratio in authorship was calculated for all journals and types of papers. Bivariate analyses were developed with the type of article as the dependent variable, and gender, institution, and country of the first and last authors as the independent variables. Logistic regression models were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the types of papers according to authorship gender, institution, and country. The statistical program used was R. RESULTS: The total number of authors was 16,252 (44.2% women, 53.9% men, and 1.9% non-identified gender). Women represented 46% of the first authors and 33.5% of the last ones. Women were the first authors of Editorials less often than men (aOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.30-0.51), but more often in Originals (aOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.33-1.80). Women were the last authors with less frequency in all types of papers, especially in Editorials (aOR 0.50; 95% CI 0.35-0.70). The women/men ratio in authorship was less than 0.80 in 10 of 26 journals analysed (41.7%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show the gender inequalities in the authorship of the main Spanish medical journals in 2017, especially as first authors and Editorials

Distribución de las tasas de incidencia de tuberculosis en menores de 15 años según zonas de pobreza de la ciudad de Sevilla / Distribution of tuberculosis incidence rates in children under 15 years old according to poverty areas in Seville

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[Gender inequalities in authorship of the main Spanish medical journals in 2017]. / Desigualdades de género en la autoría de las principales revistas médicas españolas durante el año 2017.

INTRODUCTION: Some studies have shown a lower female participation in scientific publications. The objective of this study is to analyse the gender inequalities in the main Spanish journals of medical publications. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study of the main Spanish medical journals classified by SCImago Journal & Country Ranking (n=24) and their publications (n=3.375), during the year 2017. Women/men ratio in authorship was calculated for all journals and types of papers. Bivariate analyses were developed with the type of article as the dependent variable, and gender, institution, and country of the first and last authors as the independent variables. Logistic regression models were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the types of papers according to authorship gender, institution, and country. The statistical program used was R. RESULTS: The total number of authors was 16,252 (44.2% women, 53.9% men, and 1.9% non-identified gender). Women represented 46% of the first authors and 33.5% of the last ones. Women were the first authors of Editorials less often than men (aOR 0.39; 95% CI 0.30-0.51), but more often in Originals (aOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.33-1.80). Women were the last authors with less frequency in all types of papers, especially in Editorials (aOR 0.50; 95% CI 0.35-0.70). The women/men ratio in authorship was less than 0.80 in 10 of 26 journals analysed (41.7%). CONCLUSIONS: These results show the gender inequalities in the authorship of the main Spanish medical journals in 2017, especially as first authors and Editorials.

Utilización de medicina complementaria y alternativa en la población infantil de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud de España / Use of complementary and alternative medicine in the infant population in the Spanish National Health Survey

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Clase social y trastornos del neurodesarrollo / Neurodevelopmental disorders and social class

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Factores relacionados con la autoría de las publicaciones en Anales de Pediatría / Factors related to authorship of publications in the Anales de Pediatría

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Asociación entre el bajo nivel socioeconómico del área de residencia y embarazo en adolescentes / Relationship Between Low Socioeconomic Level of the Area of Residence and Pregnancy in Adolescents

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Análisis de los determinantes sociales de la salud en el maltrato prenatal en Cataluña / Analysis of social health factors that determine prenatal abuse in Catalonia

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Representación femenina en las juntas directivas de las asociaciones y sociedades de Pediatría en España / Female representation on boards of directors of paediatrics associations and societies in Spain

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Influencia del código postal en las hospitalizaciones pediátricas en Sevilla / Influence of postcode on paediatric admissions in Seville

Introducción: El lugar de vivienda es un indicador del nivel socioeconómico que influye en la morbimortalidad y utilización de recursos sanitarios. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar este efecto en las hospitalizaciones pediátricas y describir las tasas de hospitalización de los diagnósticos principales más frecuentes en la ciudad de Sevilla. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional y transversal con 2 unidades de análisis: «ingresos hospitalarios» en los hospitales públicos de Sevilla de menores de 15 años (n = 2.660) y «distritos de Sevilla» (n = 11). La variable independiente de estudio fue la residencia en distritos con o sin «zonas de necesidad de transformación social», obtenida del código postal. El análisis de las características hospitalarias se realizó mediante los test de la chi2, Fisher y t de Student, y la descripción de tasas mediante el cálculo de tasas cruda y específica, y del índice de tasas. Resultados: Los ingresos pediátricos procedentes de distritos con menor nivel socioeconómico se produjeron a una edad media 7 meses menor (p < 0,001) y con carácter urgente en mayor proporción (p < 0,001). No se detectaron diferencias en la estancia media ni en la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. El índice de la tasa bruta de hospitalización fue superior en los distritos con menor nivel socioeconómico (1,8), con una mayor diferencia en las tasas específicas de hospitalización por asma, infecciones respiratorias, hernia inguinal y epilepsia/convulsiones. Conclusiones: Las tasas de hospitalización de los diagnósticos principales más frecuentes fueron mayores en distritos con menor nivel socioeconómico. Sus ingresos se produjeron a edades más tempranas y con mayor carácter urgente (AU)

Introduction: The postcode (where the home is situated) is an indicator of socioeconomic status and is associated with morbidity, mortality, and the use of health services. The aim of this study was to analyse its effects on paediatric admissions and to determine the rates of the most common causes of paediatric admissions in Seville. Matherial and methods: An observational cross-sectional study with two analysis units: under 15 year-old "admissions" in public hospitals in Seville (n = 2,660) and "city districts" of Seville (n = 11). The independent variable analysed was whether the postcode of the admitted patients was within a Regional Government designated "area with social transformation needs". The analysis of the admissions was performed using X2-test, Fisher test and Student-t test, with the description of rates using the calculation of crude and specific rates, and by rate ratio. Results: Children living in districts with a lower socioeconomic status were on average 7 months younger (P < .001), and they were significantly more likely to be admitted via the emergency department (P < .001). There was no statistical difference detected in either the length of hospital stay or mortality. The crude admission rate ratio was higher in districts with a lower socioeconomic status (1.8), with a higher specific rate ratio detected in admissions due to asthma, respiratory infections, inguinal hernia, and epilepsy/convulsions. Conclusions: Paediatric hospital admission rates of the main diagnoses were higher in districts with a lower socioeconomic status. Children living in these districts were more likely to be admitted younger and via the emergency department (AU)

[Influence of postcode on paediatric admissions in Seville]. / Influencia del código postal en las hospitalizaciones pediátricas en Sevilla.

INTRODUCTION: The postcode (where the home is situated) is an indicator of socioeconomic status and is associated with morbidity, mortality, and the use of health services. The aim of this study was to analyse its effects on paediatric admissions and to determine the rates of the most common causes of paediatric admissions in Seville. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study with two analysis units: under 15 year-old "admissions" in public hospitals in Seville (n=2,660) and "city districts" of Seville (n=11). The independent variable analysed was whether the postcode of the admitted patients was within a Regional Government designated "area with social transformation needs". The analysis of the admissions was performed using X2-test, Fisher test and Student-t test, with the description of rates using the calculation of crude and specific rates, and by rate ratio. RESULTS: Children living in districts with a lower socioeconomic status were on average 7 months younger (P<.001), and they were significantly more likely to be admitted via the emergency department (P<.001). There was no statistical difference detected in either the length of hospital stay or mortality. The crude admission rate ratio was higher in districts with a lower socioeconomic status (1.8), with a higher specific rate ratio detected in admissions due to asthma, respiratory infections, inguinal hernia, and epilepsy/convulsions. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric hospital admission rates of the main diagnoses were higher in districts with a lower socioeconomic status. Children living in these districts were more likely to be admitted younger and via the emergency department.