RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a multifactorial disorder. The aim of this study was the detection of various genetic polymorphisms and their correlation to RPL, in Greek women. METHODS: The impact of 12 thrombophilic polymorphisms was evaluated, among 48 Greek women with a history of RPL, vs 27 healthy parous women. Multiplex PCR and in situ hybridization on nitrocellulose films were performed, to investigate 12 genetic polymorphisms previously reported as risk factors for RPL. RESULTS: Heterozygous FV Leiden, homozygous PAI-1 4G/4G, heterozygous MTHFR C677T, homozygous MTHFR A1298C, as much as the combined thrombophilic genotypes MTHFR 677T + ACE Ι/D, MTHFR 677T/1298C + ACE D/D, ACE I/D + b-fibrinogen -455 G/A, FV HR2 + b-fibrinogen -455 G/A showed a correlation as risk factors for RPL, whereas the rest of the investigated polymorphisms and their combinations did not render statistically significant differences between the two groups in study. CONCLUSION: The results of this study, as well as those of similar studies, concerning the detection of genetic, environmental, and physiological factors underlying RPL, will prove of critical significance in the investigation and treatment of thrombophilic predisposition, in cases of RPL.
Assuntos
Aborto Habitual/genética , Fator V/genética , Fibrinogênio/genética , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Grécia , Heterozigoto , Homozigoto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
We studied the changes in antibiotic resistance of the most common Gram-negative bacteria isolated in the intensive care units at our hospital in 2000 and 2002. Bacterial identification was performed by use of the VITEK 60 analyser, and antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by the VITEK 60 analyser and the disk diffusion agar method. The bacteria isolated most frequently were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (132 strains in 2000 and 106 in 2002), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (98 and 109 strains, respectively) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (53 and 83 strains, respectively). Acinetobacters presented the highest percentage resistance, with significant increases in resistance to imipenem (15% in 2000 and 67% in 2002) and piperacillin/tazobactam (41% and 72%, respectively). P. aeruginosa presented a significant increase in resistance to all antibiotics, except ceftazidime. A large increase was observed in the resistance of K. pneumoniae to amikacin (from 10% to 50%), ceftazidime (from 80% to 90%) and tobramycin (from 80% to 90%). No imipenem-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae were found.
Assuntos
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/isolamento & purificação , Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/patogenicidade , Grécia , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidadeRESUMO
The activity of linezolid in comparison to vancomycin, teicoplanin, oxacillin, clindamycin and gentamicin was tested against 60 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 60 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients with nosocomial infections and 24 strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated from feces of hospitalized patients. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined by the Epsilometer test method. All tested strains were sensitive to linezolid and specifically all methicillin-resistant S. aureus had MIC range 0.25-3.00, MIC50 = 0.75, MIC90 = 1.5, all methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis had MIC range 0.125-1.5, MIC50 = 0.5, MIC90 = 1 and all vancomycin-resistant E. faecium had MIC range 0.5-1.5, MIC50 = 1, MIC90 = 1. Linezolid is the first of a novel antimicrobial class, the oxazolidinones, which is a promising treatment for serious Gram-positive infections, including multiresistant strains.
Assuntos
Acetamidas/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Resistência a Meticilina , Oxazolidinonas/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/patogenicidade , Resistência a Vancomicina , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar , Técnicas In Vitro , Linezolida , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents are often found in the hospital environment and are responsible for many life-threatening infections. The activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against 84 Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream isolates (both methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive) was compared to the activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin, erythromycin, oxacillin, clindamycin, gentamicin, rifampicin. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of these agents was evaluated with the Epsilometer Test. Quinupristin/dalfopristin inhibited all methicillin-sensitive strains at 1mg/L, and 75% of methicillin-resistant strains at 1.5mg/L. According to these results, quinupristin-dalfopristin shows promising in-vitro activity and may be a welcome alternative treatment for methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections, resulting in reduced use of glycopeptides.
