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Background: Cardiogenic shock (CS) following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) poses significant management challenges, exacerbated by inflammatory responses and infectious complications. This study investigates the microbiological profiles and impacts of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) on inflammation and infection in OHCA patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed microbiological data from various specimens of 372 OHCA patients, who were treated at the Cardiac Arrest Center of the University Hospital of Marburg from January 2018 to December 2022. Clinical outcomes were evaluated to investigate the potential impact of MCS on infection and inflammation. Results: Of the study cohort, 115 patients received MCS. The microbiological analysis revealed a higher incidence of positive blood cultures in the MCS group vs. the non-MCS group (39% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.037), with predominantly Gram-positive bacteria. Patients with positive microbiological findings had longer in-hospital stays and prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation. The levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) differed, suggesting a more pronounced inflammatory response in MCS patients, especially in the later ICU stages. Notably, despite the higher infection rate in the MCS group, the survival rates did not significantly differ in the two groups. Conclusions: MCS appears to influence the microbiological and inflammatory landscape in OHCA patients, increasing the susceptibility to certain infections but not affecting the overall mortality. This study underscores the complexity of managing post-resuscitation care and highlights the need for tailored therapeutic strategies to effectively mitigate infectious and inflammatory complications.
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BACKGROUND: Despite continuous advances in post-resuscitation management, outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is limited. To improve the outcome, interdisciplinary Cardiac Arrest Centers (CACs) have been established in recent years, but survival remains low and treatment strategies vary considerably in clinical and geographical aspects. Here we analyzed a strategy of in-hospital post-resuscitation management while evaluating the outcome. METHODS: A broad spectrum of pre- and in-hospital parameters of 545 resuscitated patients, admitted to the Cardiac Arrest Center of the University Hospital of Marburg (MCAC) between 01/2018 and 12/2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria were ≥ 18 years, resuscitation by emergency medical services, and non-traumatic cause of OHCA. RESULTS: In the overall patient cohort, the survival rate to hospital discharge was 39.8% (n = 217/545), which is 50.7% higher than in the EuReCa-TWO registry. 77.2% of the survivors had CPC status 1 or 2 (favorable neurological outcome) before and after therapy. A standardized 'therapy bundle' for in-hospital post-resuscitation management was applied to 445 patients who survived the initial treatment in the emergency department. In addition to basic care (standardized antimicrobial therapy, adequate anticoagulation, targeted sedation, early enteral and parenteral nutrition), it includes early whole-body CT (n = 391; 87.9%), invasive coronary diagnostics (n = 322; 72.4%), targeted temperature management (n = 293; 65.8%) and if indicated, mechanical circulatory support (n = 145; 32.6%) and appropriate neurological diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS: Early goal-directed post-resuscitation management in a well-established and highly frequented CAC leads to significantly higher survival rates. However, our results underline the need for a broader standardization in post-resuscitation management to ultimately improve the outcome.
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Early vascular aging is related to various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Healthful lifestyle practices and interventions, including dietary regimens and consistent aerobic exercise, exert favorable modulation on these processes, thereby diminishing the risk of cardiovascular disease with advancing age. The principal objective of this review was to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of the available literature regarding the effectiveness of different diets on vascular health, such as arterial stiffness and endothelial function. To conduct this review, a thorough search of electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection was carried out. Based on the existing evidence, the Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and low-calorie diets may have a beneficial effect on vascular health. However, more randomized controlled trials with sufficient sample sizes, longer follow-ups, rigorous methodologies, and, possibly, head-to-head comparisons between the different diets are needed to shed light on this topic.
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BACKGROUND: mitral regurgitation (mr) is the most common valvular heart disease (vhd) in the elderly and tends to be more prevalent in women. while relevant sex differences in outcomes are evident in surgically treated collectives, there are very limited and conflicting sex-specific data for the growing cohort of patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (teer). OBJECTIVE: to investigate whether sex impacts procedural safety and efficacy, and in-hospital- and long-term outcomes, after teer for mr. METHODS: in a multicenter observational cohort study, patients who underwent teer were stratified by sex and relevant outcome measures, and analyzed using multivariable cox regression and propensity score matching (psm). RESULTS: a total of 821 patients were analyzed, of whom 37.4% (307/821) were female. compared to male patients, females were significantly older (77 ± 8.5 vs. 80.4 ± 6.7 years, p = 0.03), and had less coronary artery disease (cad, 67.7% vs. 53.1%, p < 0.0001) and a higher proportion of preserved left ventricular function (lvef > 50%, 32.5% vs. 50.5%, p > 0.0001). safety and efficacy of the teer procedure and in-hospital mortality did not differ between the sexes. after psm, women showed significantly better survival 3 years after teer compared to men (60.7% vs. 54.2%, p = 0.04) and a lower risk of all-cause death according to multiple cox regression (hr 0.8, 95% ci 0.6-0.9, p = 0.02). after sex-specific stratification for concomitant atrial fibrillation (af), the most common comorbidity in the present collective, women with af experience significantly worse adjusted survival compared to women without af (53.9% vs. 75.1%, p = 0.042) three years after teer and lose the survival advantage over men. CONCLUSIONS: female patients are older and less comorbid than males undergoing TEER. The TEER procedure is equally safe and effective in both sexes. While in-hospital mortality did not differ, female patients experienced a significantly better adjusted long-term survival compared to male patients. Concomitant AF offsets the prognostic advantage of females over males and, in contrast to males, significantly impairs long-term survival in women undergoing TEER. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying causes for the observed sex disparities and to develop sex-tailored treatment recommendations.
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Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common concomitant disease in patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) for mitral regurgitation (MR) and detrimentally affects their outcome. While there is increasing evidence for prognostic improvement and safety of catheter ablation (CA) of AF in the overall cohort of heart failure patients, corresponding data in TEER patients are lacking. Objectives: To investigate the impact of treatment regimens for concomitant AF on survival of TEER patients. Methods: In a multicenter observational cohort study consecutive patients successfully undergoing TEER were analyzed and survival of patients receiving CA of concomitant AF was compared with that of patients on pharmacological AF treatment and with that of patients without a history of AF, using propensity score matching (PSM). Results: A total of 821 patients were analyzed. Of these, 608 (74.1%) had concomitant AF, of whom 48 patients received CA. Patients with CA in AF showed significantly higher 3-year-survival after TEER compared to PSM-patients on pharmacological AF treatment (75.5% [36/48] vs. 49.4% [166/336], p = 0.009). The 3-year-survival after TEER of patients with concomitant AF treated with CA was not significantly different from PSM-patients without AF (75.5% [36/48] vs. 68.3% [98/144], p = 0.36). Conclusions: CA of AF is superior to pharmacotherapy as it significantly improves the survival of TEER patients in a PSM analysis. CA even offsets the prognostic disadvantage of coexisting AF in TEER patients. Given the growing evidence of prognostic benefits in the overall cohort of HF patients, our data point out the importance of treating concomitant AF and support CA as an essential part of a holistic management of TEER patients.
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Key Clinical Message: Nonspecific symptoms such as pleuritic or pericardial chest pain in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices patients, even with unremarkable ECG or device parameters, should always raise suspicion of electrode perforation, regardless of how long ago the implantation was performed. Abstract: We report the successful percutaneous management of a 77-year-old woman who had a dual-chamber pacemaker implanted more than 1 year ago and presented with pericarditis pain and compensated pericardial hemorrhagic tamponade. The symptoms were due to very late acute perforation of the atrial lead. This report is intended to raise awareness of procedure-related complications in the large group of cardiovascular implantable electronic device patients. Pleuritic or pericardial pain in these patients should raise suspicion of electrode perforation, as the risk of perforation is not restricted to the period immediately after implantation and a lifelong risk cannot apparently be excluded.
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OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to identify coexisting structural lesions in patients with epilepsy and known temporal encephaloceles (TEs). METHODS: Forty-seven structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with epilepsy and radiologically diagnosed TEs were retrospectively reviewed visually and using an automated postprocessing software, the Morphometric Analysis Program v2018 (MAP18), to depict additional subtle, potentially epileptogenic lesions in the 3D T1-weighted MRI data. All imaging findings were evaluated in the context of clinical and electroencephalographical findings. RESULTS: The study population consisted of 47 epilepsy patients (38.3% female, n = 18). The median age at the time of the scan was 40 years (range 12-81 years). Twenty-one out of 47 MRI scans (44.7%) showed coexisting lesions in the initial MRI evaluation; in 38.3% (n = 18) of patients, those lesions were considered probably epileptogenic. After postprocessing, probable epileptogenic lesions were identified in 53.2% (n = 25) of patients. Malformations of cortical development had initially been reported in 17.0% (n = 8) of patients with TEs, which increased to 38.3% (n = 18) after postprocessing. TEs and other epileptogenic lesions were considered equally epileptogenic in 21.3% (n = 10) of the cases in the initial MR reports and 25.5% (n = 12) of the cases after postprocessing. SIGNIFICANCE: Temporal encephaloceles are a potential cause of MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy. According to our data, TEs can occur with other lesions, suggesting that increased awareness is also required in patients with lesional epilepsy. TEs may not always be epileptogenic; hence, their occurrence with other structural pathologies may influence the presurgical evaluation and surgical approach. Finally, TEs can be associated with malformations of cortical development, which may indicate a common developmental etiology of those lesions.
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Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Epilepsia , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Encefalocele/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Epilepsia/complicações , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/complicações , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Capnocytophaga, a bacteria native to the oral flora of canines, in rare cases can lead to severe infections resulting in septic shock, respiratory tract infection, and multiple organ failure. In case of trauma following animal bites with rapidly progressing clinical courses, also adjunctive therapeutic measures such as extracorporeal blood purification therapies might be beneficial. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on a 68-year-old male who was hospitalized with fever, oliguria and repeated vomiting after suffering a minor bite by his dog. On admission, he was diagnosed with sepsis. In addition, his coagulation status was markedly deranged resulting in the administration of mass transfusions to stabilize his coagulative status. Following detection of Capnocytophaga canimorsus, anti-infective therapy was initiated. In the context of a progressive respiratory deterioration and an increasing vigilance disorder, he had to be intubated. Due to development of renal failure, dialysis was started in conjunction with CytoSorb hemoadsorption therapy to control the hyperinflammatory condition. All of the applied therapeutic measures led to a rapid clinical stabilization, a control of the hyperinflammatory situation, and an improvement in his neurological status. The therapy was well tolerated with no complications encountered. CONCLUSIONS: This case supports the clinical recognition of severe Capnocytophaga infection that can lead to critical conditions even in immunocompetent patients. Combined broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, mass transfusions, CRRT, and CytoSorb hemoadsorption therapy resulted in a control of the critical situation. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of hemoadsorption in this rare but life-threatening setting.
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Mordeduras e Picadas , Hemadsorção , Sepse , Trombocitopenia , Idoso , Animais , Masculino , Capnocytophaga , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/microbiologia , Insuficiência de Múltiplos Órgãos/terapia , Sepse/microbiologia , Sepse/terapia , Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações , Mordeduras e Picadas/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the impact of treatment with inotropic drugs on the interaction of hemodynamics, biomarkers, and end-organ function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) of different origins and heart rhythms. METHODS: Fifty patients with different causes of acute decompensated HF (dilated cardiomyopathy DCM, ischemic cardiomyopathy ICM, atrial fibrillation AF, sinus rhythm/pacemaker lead rhythm SR/PM) were treated with dobutamine or levosimendan. Non-invasive hemodynamics, biomarkers, and parameters of renal organ function were evaluated at hospital admission and after myocardial recompensation (day 5 to 7). RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients with ICM and twenty-three patients with DCM were included. Thirty-nine patients were treated with dobutamine and eleven with levosimendan. Sixteen were accompanied by persistent AF and thirty-four presented either with SR or PM. In the overall cohort, body weight and biomarkers (NT-proBNP/ST2) significantly decreased. GFR significantly increased during therapy with either dobutamine or levosimendan. However, hemodynamic parameters seem to be only improved in patients with DCM, in the levosimendan sub-group, and in patients with SR/PM. CONCLUSION: Patients with acute decompensated HF benefit from positive inotropic therapy during short-term follow-ups. In particular, patients with DCM, those after levosimendan therapy and those with SR/PM, seem to benefit most from inotropic therapy.
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Acute kidney injury is one of the most frequent and prognostically relevant complications in cardiogenic shock. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the Impella® pump on hemodynamics and renal organ perfusion in patients with myocardial infarction complicating cardiogenic shock. Between January 2020 and February 2022 patients with infarct-related cardiogenic shock supported with the Impella® pump were included in this single-center prospective short-term study. Changes in hemodynamics on different levels of Impella® support were documented with invasive pulmonal arterial catheter. As far as renal function is concerned, renal perfusion was assessed by determining the renal resistive index (RRI) using Doppler sonography. A total of 50 patients were included in the analysis. The increase in the Impella® output by a mean of 1.0 L/min improved the cardiac index (2.7 ± 0.86 to 3.3 ± 1.1 p < 0.001) and increased central venous oxygen saturation (62.6 ± 11.8% to 67.4 ± 10.5% p < 0.001). On the other side, the systemic vascular resistance (1035 ± 514 N·s/m5 to 902 ± 371 N·s/m5p = 0.012) and the RRI were significantly reduced (0.736 ± 0.07 to 0.62 ± 0.07 p < 0.001). Furthermore, in the overall cohort, a baseline RRI ≥ 0.8 was associated with a higher frequency of renal replacement therapy (71% vs. 39% p = 0.04), whereas the consequent reduction of the RRI below 0.7 during Impella® support improved the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) during hospital stay (15 ± 3 days; 53 ± 16 mL/min to 83 ± 16 mL/min p = 0.04). Impella® support in patients with cardiogenic shock seems to improve hemodynamics and renal organ perfusion. The RRI, a well-known parameter for the early detection of acute kidney injury, can be directly influenced by the Impella® flow rate. Thus, a targeted control of the RRI by the Impella® pump could mediate renal organ protection.
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Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair (TEER) has become established as a safe and efficacious therapy for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) in high-risk patients. Despite its widespread use, postprocedural antithrombotic therapy (ATT) still to date is based on local expertise rather than evidence. In a multicenter, observational cohort study, 646 consecutive patients undergoing TEER were enrolled; 609 patients were successfully treated and antithrombotic therapy analyzed; 449 patients (73.7%) were previously treated with oral anticoagulants (OAC) due to the high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (459/609, 75.4%). Postprocedural ATT in patients previously treated with OAC consisted of no additional, additional single (SAPT) or dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in 146/449 (33.6%), 248/449 (55.2%) and 55/449 (12.2%), respectively. There were 234/449 (52.1%) patients treated with vitamin-k antagonists (VKA) and 215/449 (47.9%) with nonvitamin-k antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC). One hundred sixty patients (26.3%) had no prior indication for OAC and were predominantly treated with DAPT (132/160, 82.5%). Use of SAPT (17/160, 10.6%) and no APT (11/160, 6.9%) was marginal. No statistically significant differences in terms of in-hospital mortality or the rate of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) between the different antithrombotic therapy regimens were observed. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed a statistically significant decreased risk for all-cause mortality after a median follow-up of 419 days for OAC monotherapy (HR 0.6, 95%-CI 0.5-0.9, p = 0.04). This study provides evidence for a more favorable long-term outcome of OAC monotherapy in patients with an indication for OAC and reiterates the urgent need for randomized controlled trials on the optimal antithrombotic treatment of TEER patients.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent comorbidity in patients with severe mitral valve regurgitation (MR) undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) and has been shown to significantly worsen their outcome. However, data on the impact of AF treatment strategy in this rapidly growing cohort of patients is unknown. In a multicenter, observational cohort study, 542 consecutive patients undergoing TMVR were enrolled, and subsequently, comprehensive survival analyses according to AF status and therapy were performed using propensity score matching and Cox regression. In the analyzed cohort, 373 (73.3%) of the TMVR patients had concomitant AF. Of these patients, 212 (59%) were on rate control therapy and 161 (41%) were on rhythm control therapy. At 3 years, significantly reduced cumulative survival was observed for patients on rhythm compared to patients on rate control (46.7% (75/161) vs. 56.5% (91/161), p = 0.032). Amiodarone was used to a substantial extent for rhythm control and found to be an independent mortality predictor (Hazard Ratio 1.5, 95%CI 1.1-2.1, p = 0.04). The adverse outcome of concomitant AF in TMVR patients was confirmed (AF: 47.3% (126/266) vs. non-AF: 58.3% (78/133), p = 0.047). Rhythm control achieved almost exclusively pharmacologically is associated with an adverse outcome compared to the rate control of AF in TMVR. This raises awareness of the importance of AF and its treatment, as this seems to be a promising key point for improving the prognosis of TMVR patients.
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Our aim was to compare the outcomes of Impella with extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in patients with post-cardiac arrest cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This was a retrospective study of patients resuscitated from out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with post-cardiac arrest CS following AMI (May 2015 to May 2020). Patients were supported either with Impella 2.5/CP or ECLS. Outcomes were compared using propensity score-matched analysis to account for differences in baseline characteristics between groups. 159 patients were included (Impella, n = 105; ECLS, n = 54). Hospital and 12-month survival rates were comparable in the Impella and the ECLS groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.3, respectively). After adjustment for baseline differences, both groups demonstrated comparable hospital and 12-month survival (p = 0.36 and p = 0.64, respectively). Impella patients had a significantly greater left ventricle ejection-fraction (LVEF) improvement at 96 h (p < 0.01 vs. p = 0.44 in ECLS) and significantly fewer device-associated complications than ECLS patients (15.2% versus 35.2%, p < 0.01 for relevant access site bleeding, 7.6% versus 20.4%, p = 0.04 for limb ischemia needing intervention). In subgroup analyses, Impella was associated with better survival in patients with lower-risk features (lactate < 8.6 mmol/L, time from collapse to return of spontaneous circulation < 28 min, vasoactive score < 46 and Horowitz index > 182). In conclusion, the use of Impella 2.5/CP or ECLS in post-cardiac arrest CS after AMI was associated with comparable adjusted hospital and 12-month survival. Impella patients had a greater LVEF improvement than ECLS patients. Device-related access-site complications occurred more frequently in patients with ECLS than Impella support.
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Although the use of microaxilar mechanical circulatory support systems may improve the outcome of patients with cardiogenic shock (CS), little is known about its effect on the long-term structural integrity of left ventricular (LV) valves as well as on the development of LV-architecture. Therefore, we aimed to study the integrity of the LV valves and architecture and function after Impella support. Thus, 84 consecutive patients were monitored over two years having received ImpellaTM CP (n = 24) or 2.5 (n = 60) for refractory CS (n = 62) or for high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (n = 22) followed by optimal medical treatment. Beside a significant increase in LV ejection fraction after two years (p ≤ 0.03 vs. pre-implantation), we observed a statistically significant decrease in LV dilation (p < 0.001) and severity of mitral valve regurgitation (p = 0.007) in the two-year follow-up period, suggesting an improved LV architecture. Neither the duration of support, nor the size of the Impella device or the indication for its use revealed any devastating impact on aortic or mitral valve integrity. These findings indicate that Impella device is a safe means of support of LV-function without detrimental long-term effects on the structural integrity of LV valves regardless of the size of the device or the indication of support.
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Since mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices have become integral component in the therapy of refractory cardiogenic shock (RCS), we identified 67 patients in biventricular support with Impella and venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for RCS between February 2013 and December 2019 and evaluated the risk factors of mortality in this setting. Mean age was 61.07 ± 10.7 and 54 (80.6%) patients were male. Main cause of RCS was acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (74.6%), while 44 (65.7%) were resuscitated prior to admission. The mean Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA) score on admission was 73.54 ± 16.03 and 12.25 ± 2.71, respectively, corresponding to an expected mortality of higher than 80%. Vasopressor doses and lactate levels were significantly decreased within 72 h on biventricular support (p < 0.05 for both). Overall, 17 (25.4%) patients were discharged to cardiac rehabilitation and 5 patients (7.5%) were bridged successfully to ventricular assist device implantation, leading to a total of 32.8% survival on hospital discharge. The 6-month survival was 31.3%. Lactate > 6 mmol/L, vasoactive score > 100 and pH < 7.26 on initiation of biventricular support, as well as Charlson comorbity index > 3 and prior resuscitation were independent predictors of survival. In conclusion, biventricular support with Impella and VA-ECMO in patients with RCS is feasible and efficient leading to a better survival than predicted through traditional risk scores, mainly via significant hemodynamic improvement and reduction in lactate levels.
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OBJECTIVES: Early mechanical circulatory support with Impella may improve survival outcomes in the setting of postcardiac arrest cardiogenic shock after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest complicating acute myocardial infarction. However, the optimal timing to initiate mechanical circulatory support in this particular setting remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to compare survival outcomes of patients supported with Impella 2.5 before percutaneous coronary intervention (pre-PCI) with those supported after percutaneous coronary intervention (post-PCI). DESIGN: Retrospective single-center study between September 2014 and December 2019 admitted to the Cardiac Arrest Center in Marburg, Germany. PATIENTS: Out of 2,105 patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction with postcardiac arrest cardiogenic shock between September 2014 and December 2019 and admitted to our regional cardiac arrest center, 81 consecutive patients receiving Impella 2.5 during admission coronary angiogram were identified. OUTCOMES/MEASUREMENTS: Survival outcomes were compared between those with Impella support pre-PCI to those with support post-PCI. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 81 consecutive patients with infarct-related postcardiac arrest shock supported with Impella 2.5 during admission coronary angiogram were included. All patients were in profound cardiogenic shock requiring catecholamines at admission. Overall survival to discharge and at 6 months was 40.7% and 38.3%, respectively. Patients in the pre-PCI group had a higher survival to discharge and at 6 months as compared to patients of the post-PCI group (54.3% vs 30.4%; p = 0.04 and 51.4% vs 28.2%; p = 0.04, respectively). Furthermore, the patients in the early support group demonstrated a greater functional recovery of the left ventricle and a better restoration of the end-organ function when Impella support was initiated prior to percutaneous coronary intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the early initiation of mechanical circulatory support with Impella 2.5 prior to percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with improved hospital and 6-month survival in patients with postcardiac arrest cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction.
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Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar/complicações , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Choque Cardiogênico/mortalidade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comorbidade , Feminino , Alemanha , Coração Auxiliar , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although scoring systems are widely used to predict outcomes in postcardiac arrest cardiogenic shock (CS) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI), data concerning the accuracy of these scores to predict mortality of patients treated with Impella in this setting are lacking. Thus, we aimed to evaluate as well as to compare the prognostic accuracy of acute physiology and chronic health II (APACHE II), simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II), sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA), the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), CardShock, the prediction of cardiogenic shock outcome for AMI patients salvaged by VA-ECMO (ENCOURAGE), and the survival after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (SAVE) score in patients with OHCA refractory CS due to an AMI treated with Impella 2.5 or CP. METHODS: Retrospective study of 65 consecutive Impella 2.5 and 32 CP patients treated in our cardiac arrest center from September 2015 until June 2020. RESULTS: Overall survival to discharge was 44.3%. The expected mortality according to scores was SOFA 70%, SAPS II 90%, IABP shock 55%, CardShock 80%, APACHE II 85%, ENCOURAGE 50%, and SAVE score 70% in the 2.5 group; SOFA 70%, SAPS II 85%, IABP shock 55%, CardShock 80%, APACHE II 85%, ENCOURAGE 75%, and SAVE score 70% in the CP group. The ENCOURAGE score was the most effective predictive model of mortality outcome presenting a moderate area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79, followed by the CardShock, APACHE II, IABP, and SAPS score. These derived an AUC between 0.71 and 0.78. The SOFA and the SAVE scores failed to predict the outcome in this particular setting of refractory CS after OHCA due to an AMI. CONCLUSION: The available intensive care and newly developed CS scores offered only a moderate prognostic accuracy for outcomes in OHCA patients with refractory CS due to an AMI treated with Impella. A new score is needed in order to guide the therapy in these patients.
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Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar , Medição de Risco/métodos , Choque Cardiogênico , Idoso , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Balão Intra-Aórtico/métodos , Balão Intra-Aórtico/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar/complicações , Parada Cardíaca Extra-Hospitalar/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Cardiogênico/etiologia , Choque Cardiogênico/mortalidade , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous mechanical circulatory devices are increasingly used in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS). As evidence from randomized studies comparing these devices are lacking, optimal choice of the device type is unclear. Here we aim to compare outcomes of patients with CS supported with either Impella or vaECMO. METHODS: Retrospective single-center analysis of patients with CS, from September 2014 to September 2019. Patients were assisted with either Impella 2.5/CP or vaECMO. Patients supported ultimately with both devices were analyzed according to the first device implanted. Primary outcomes were hospital and 6-month survival. Secondary endpoints were complications. Survival outcomes were compared using propensity-matched analysis to account for differences in baseline characteristics between both groups. RESULTS: A total of 423 patients were included (Impella, n = 300 and vaECMO, n = 123). Survival rates were similar in both groups (hospital survival: Impella 47.7% and vaECMO 37.3%, p = 0.07; 6-month survival Impella 45.7% and vaECMO 35.8%, p = 0.07). There was no significant difference in survival rates, even after adjustment for baseline differences (hospital survival: Impella 50.6% and vaECMO 38.6%, p = 0.16; 6-month survival Impella 45.8% and vaECMO 38.6%, p = 0.43). Access-site bleeding and leg ischemia occurred more frequently in patients with vaECMO (17% versus 7.3%, p = 0.004; 17% versus 7.7%, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective analysis of patients with CS, treatment with Impella 2.5/CP or vaECMO was associated with similar hospital and 6-month survival rates. Device-related access-site vascular complications occurred more frequently in the vaECMO group. A randomized trial is warranted to examine the effects of these devices on outcomes and to determine the optimal device choice in patients with CS.