Stroke among Patients Admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Stroke is the second most common cause of mortality after ischemic heart disease and the leading cause of morbidity around the world. This study aimed to find out the stroke among patients admitted to a tertiary care centre. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine and Neurosurgery from 15 July 2021 to 15 June 2022 after taking ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 78/79-083). Convenience sampling method was used. Point estimate and 95% Confidence Interval were calculated. Results: Among 5034 patients, 149 (2.95%) (2.48-3.41, 95% Confidence Interval) patients had stroke. Out of 149 cases, male to female ratio was 1.06 with a mean age of 65.05±14.06 years. The most common presentation was hemiparesis 128 (85.90%). Hypertension 106 (71.14%) was the most common underlying condition. The frontal area 17 (32.02%) was the most common site of ischemic stroke. Putamen (55.26%) was most common site in hemorrhagic stroke. The mean hospital stays was 6.3±5.18 days. There were 5 (3.40%) cases of in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke was similar to other studies done in similar settings. Keywords: hemorrhagic stroke; ischemic stroke; prevalence.

Prevalence of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity has always been thought to be a risk factor for diabetes; however, some studies in India have reported that even lean people are prone to diabetes. We conducted this study to see if this holds true for this part of the country. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of lean type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in recently diagnosed type 2 DM in Manipur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All recently diagnosed type 2 DM patients, within a period of 24 weeks, who attended the endocrine clinic of RIMS from Jan to Dec 2012 are included in the study. Exclusion criteria are patients with chronic diseases. RESULTS: Out of the 181 recently diagnosed diabetics 3.9% had a BMI of <19 kg/m(2) of which five are females (5.4% of female patients) and two are males (2.2% of male patients). Mean age of Lean diabetics is 54.86 ± 15.32, mean fasting glucose is 212 ± 105.5 mg% and mean postprandial glucose is 351.57 ± 167.79 mg%. DM complications were observed in 28.6% of the Lean diabetics. CONCLUSION: Our study shows a low prevalence rate of Lean DM in recently diagnosed type 2 DM.

Cigarette smoking is not a risk factor for systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of cigarette smoking with susceptibility to systemic sclerosis (SSc) in a large, well-defined patient population. METHODS: We conducted a review of 1,379 patients with SSc enrolled in the Scleroderma Family Registry and DNA Repository and/or the Genetics versus Environment in Scleroderma Outcome Study cohort. Smoking history was obtained from chart review or via telephone interview. Patients with SSc were subsequently categorized as never smokers or ever smokers. Patients with SSc for whom smoking data were available were matched 2:1 by age, sex, ethnicity, and state of residence to control subjects, using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS: The majority of patients were white (74.2%), with Hispanics and blacks representing 11.3% and 9.7%, respectively. Most patients had limited cutaneous involvement (54%). For our comparative analyses, 621 patients were matched with control subjects. There was no significant difference in age, sex, ethnicity, and SSc subtype between matched versus unmatched patients. The majority of patients had never smoked (57%), while 43% of patients were classified as ever smokers. The patients with SSc did not differ from control subjects in terms of their smoking behavior (odds ratio [OR] 1.020, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.839-1.240, P=0.842). Anti-topoisomerase I antibody-positive patients were more likely to be never smokers (OR 0.648, 95% CI 0.421-0.998, P=0.049), whereas no such association was observed with anticentromere and anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies. CONCLUSION: Unlike its role in rheumatoid arthritis, smoking does not confer a risk for development of SSc, although it may impact disease severity.