Optimizing soybean biofuel blends for sustainable urban medium-duty commercial vehicles in India: an AI-driven approach.

This article presents the outcomes of a research study focused on optimizing the performance of soybean biofuel blends derived from soybean seeds specifically for urban medium-duty commercial vehicles. The study took into consideration elements such as production capacity, economics and assumed engine characteristics. For the purpose of predicting performance, combustion and emission characteristics, an artificial intelligence approach that has been trained using experimental data is used. At full load, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) dropped as engine speed increased for biofuel and diesel fuel mixes, but brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased. The BSFC increased by 11.9% when diesel compared to using biofuel with diesel blends. The mixes cut both maximum cylinder pressure and NO x emissions. The biofuel-diesel fuel proved more successful, with maximum reduction of 9.8% and 22.2 at rpm, respectively. The biofuel and diesel blend significantly improved carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) and smoke emissions. The biofuel blends offer significant advantages by decreeing exhaust pollutants and enhancing engine performance.

Experimental testing of solar-based air heater roughed with discrete V-down rib and staggered element.

A rough rectangular channel of solar-based air heater (SBAH) is made and tested. The work consists of an effort to perceive the proportion of heat discharge and frictional behavior of air passing over a roughened rectangular channel. The absorber surface of SBAH is roughed with discrete V-down rib and staggered element roughness having different values of relative rib pitch (P/e) that ranged from 6 to 14. Fixed parameters such as relative gap size (g/e), relative staggered element pitch (P'/P), numeral of gaps (Ng), relative staggered element size (r/g), and relative rib height (e/D) are considered 4, 0.4, 3,1, and 0.0433, respectively, all throughout the study. The flow Reynolds number (Re) changes from 4000 to 14,000; consequently the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) reach up to 2.16 and 2.73 times, respectively, with respect to plane surface. The optimum rise in terms of thermal-hydraulic performance (THP) is gained analogous to a P/e of 10. The correlation for heat transfer function, R(e+), and roughness function, G(e+), is given to anticipate the performance of roughness.

Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel fuel blended with raw jatropha, soybean and waste cooking oils.

In the present investigation raw oil (jatropha, soybean, and waste cooking fuel) has analyzed to prove its suitability as an alternative fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines. The blends of high vegetable oils with diesel are created and analyzed experimentally. The raw oil is blended with diesel in varying proportion (from 20 % to 50 %) using raw vegetable oil (100 %). Two sets of experiments are conducted for each fuels blends, one for performance analysis & other for emission test. The analysis has been performed for pure diesel and diverse blends of Jatropha-diesel, Soybean-diesel and waste cooking oil-diesel at compression ratio (CR) of (16.5). The performance and emission characteristic for each raw oil-diesel blends are investigated and the comparison results are presented. The result reveals that B20 blends of all biodiesel have shown very close values of Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) at all loading.