Knowledge of nursing staff before and after training on incontinence-associated dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the knowledge of nursing staff before and after training on incontinence-associated dermatitis. METHOD: A study before and after an educational intervention carried out with nursing staff from the medical and surgical clinics and intensive care unit of the university hospital in June 2023. The training took place over three meetings. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered immediately before and after the training. McNemar's test for dependent samples was used to compare before and after training. RESULTS: 25 nurses and 14 nursing technicians took part. The items that showed statistical significance were related to the identification and correct differentiation of dermatitis associated with incontinence and pressure injury; and the correct way to sanitize the skin. CONCLUSION: The training of the nursing team made it possible to assess their knowledge of how to identify, prevent and treat incontinence-associated dermatitis.

Polysaccharide-rich extract of Genipa americana leaves protects seizures and oxidative stress in the mice model of pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy.

Plant polysaccharides have biological activities in the brain and those obtained from Genipa americana leaves present antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects in the mice model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures. This study aimed to evaluate the polysaccharide-rich extract of Genipa americana leaves (PRE-Ga) in the models of acute seizures and chronic epilepsy (kindling) induced by PTZ. In the acute seizure model, male Swiss mice (25-35 g) received PRE-Ga (1 or 9 mg/kg; intraperitoneal- IP), alone or associated with diazepam (0.01 mg/kg), 30 min before induction of seizures with PTZ (70 mg/kg; IP). In the chronic epilepsy model, seizures were induced by PTZ (40 mg/kg) 30 min after treatment and in alternated days up to 30 days and evaluated by video. Brain areas (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum) were assessed for inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Diazepam associated to PRE-Ga (9 mg/kg; i.p.) increased the latency of seizures in acute (222.4 ± 47.57 vs. saline: 62.00 ± 4.709 s) and chronic models (6.267 ± 0.502 vs. saline: 4.067 ± 0.407 s). In hippocampus, PRE-Ga (9 mg/kg) inhibited TNF-α (105.9 ± 5.38 vs. PTZ: 133.5 ± 7.62 pmol/g) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (473.6 ± 60.51) in the chronic model. PTZ increased glial fibrillar acid proteins (GFAP) and Iba-1 in hippocampus, which was reversed by PRE-Ga (GFAP: 1.9 ± 0.23 vs PTZ: 3.1 ± 1.3 and Iba-1: 2.2 ± 0.8 vs PTZ: 3.2 ± 1.4). PRE-Ga presents neuroprotector effect in the mice model of epilepsy induced by pentylenetetrazole reducing seizures, gliosis, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.

Transição alimentar de prematuros internados na Unidade Canguru: revisão sistemática / Transición alimentaria de prematuros internados en la Unidad Canguro: revisión sistemática / Food transition of premature infants admitted to the Kangaroo Unit: systematic review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre a transição alimentar de sonda orogástrica para aleitamento materno diretamente na mama com prematuros internados em unidades hospitalares. Métodos Revisão sistemática da literatura com busca nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, com os critérios de inclusão: estudos experimentais, sem restrição temporal e nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. A avaliação metodológica foi realizada por meio das ferramentas Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) e Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) e consistiu em duas etapas: qualidade metodológica e o risco de viés dos estudos. Resultados Foram identificados 10 artigos, todos ensaios clínicos randomizados. As técnicas utilizadas na transição da dieta dos prematuros encontradas foram: sonda-dedo e seringa, copo e sonda-dedo, copo e mamadeira, colher e sucção não-nutritiva, sucção não-nutritiva, sucção não-nutritiva e estimulação oral, comportamento dos prematuros, cheiro do leite materno. Conclusão As técnicas evidenciadas permitiram a transição da dieta, em um período mais curto, reduzindo o tempo de internação, aumentando o ganho de peso e se mostraram seguras, desde que o prematuro tenha maturidade para ser realizada. Contudo, a mamadeira foi desaconselhada, pela ocorrência de episódios de dessaturação, aumento da frequência cardíaca e confusão de bico.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las evidencias disponibles sobre la transición alimentaria de sonda orogástrica a lactancia materna directamente de la mama con prematuros internados en unidades hospitalarias. Métodos Revisión sistemática de la literatura con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: estudios experimentales, sin restricción temporal y en idioma portugués, español e inglés. La evaluación metodológica se realizó por medio de las herramientas Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) y Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) y consistió en dos etapas: calidad metodológica y riesgo de sesgo de los estudios. Resultados Se identificaron 10 artículos, todos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Las técnicas utilizadas para la transición de la dieta de prematuros fueron: dedo-jeringa y jeringa, vaso y dedo-jeringa, vaso y mamadera, cuchara y succión no nutritiva, succión no nutritiva, succión no nutritiva y estimulación oral, comportamiento de los prematuros, olor de la leche materna. Conclusión Las técnicas observadas permitieron realizar la transición de la dieta en un período más corto, con reducción del tiempo de internación y mejor aumento de peso y demostraron ser seguras, siempre que el prematuro tenga madurez para realizarlas. No obstante, se desaconseja la mamadera por la presencia de episodios de desaturación, aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca y confusión tetina-pezón. Número de registro da revisão sistemática: CRD42021240725 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=240725)

Abstract Objective To analyze the available evidence on the transition from orogastric tube feeding to breastfeeding directly from the breast with premature infants admitted to hospital units. Methods Systematic literature review with search in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, with the inclusion criteria: experimental studies, without temporal restrictions and in Portuguese, Spanish and English. The methodological assessment was carried out using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) tools and consisted of two stages: methodological quality and the risk of bias of the studies. Results 10 papers were identified, all randomized clinical trials. The techniques used in transitioning the premature babies' diet were: finger tube and syringe, cup and finger tube, cup and bottle, spoon and non-nutritive sucking, non-nutritive sucking, non-nutritive sucking and oral stimulation, behavior of premature babies, and smell of breast milk. Conclusion The demonstrated techniques allowed the transition of the diet in a shorter period, reducing the length of hospital stay, increasing weight gain 1and proved to be safe, as long as the premature baby is mature enough to undergo the procedure. However, bottle feeding was not recommended due to the occurrence of episodes of desaturation, increased heart rate and nipple confusion. Systematic review registration number: CRD42021240725 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=240725)

Knowledge of nursing staff before and after training on incontinence-associated dermatitis / Conocimientos del personal de enfermería antes y después de la formación sobre la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia / Conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem antes e após capacitação sobre dermatite associada à incontinência

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the knowledge of nursing staff before and after training on incontinence-associated dermatitis. Method: A study before and after an educational intervention carried out with nursing staff from the medical and surgical clinics and intensive care unit of the university hospital in June 2023. The training took place over three meetings. Data was collected using a questionnaire administered immediately before and after the training. McNemar's test for dependent samples was used to compare before and after training. Results: 25 nurses and 14 nursing technicians took part. The items that showed statistical significance were related to the identification and correct differentiation of dermatitis associated with incontinence and pressure injury; and the correct way to sanitize the skin. Conclusion: The training of the nursing team made it possible to assess their knowledge of how to identify, prevent and treat incontinence-associated dermatitis.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar los conocimientos del personal de enfermería antes y después de la formación sobre la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia. Método: Estudio antes y después de una intervención formativa realizada con personal de enfermería de las clínicas médicas y quirúrgicas y de la unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital universitario en junio de 2023. La formación se impartió en tres sesiones. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario aplicado inmediatamente antes y después de la formación. Se utilizó la prueba de McNemar para muestras dependientes para comparar antes y después de la formación. Resultados: Participaron 25 enfermeras y 14 técnicos de enfermería. Los ítems que mostraron significación estadística estaban relacionados con la identificación y correcta diferenciación de la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia y al daño por presión; y la forma correcta de higienizar la piel. Conclusión: La formación del equipo de enfermería permitió evaluar los conocimientos del equipo de enfermería sobre cómo identificar, prevenir y tratar la dermatitis asociada a la incontinencia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem antes e após capacitação sobre dermatite associada à incontinência. Método: Estudo antes e depois de uma intervenção educativa realizado com profissionais da equipe de enfermagem das clínicas médicas, cirúrgicas e unidade de terapia intensiva do hospital universitário, no mês de junho de 2023. A capacitação ocorreu durante três encontros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário, aplicado imediatamente antes e após a capacitação. Para a comparação do antes e após capacitação, foi realizado o teste de McNemar para amostras dependentes. Resultados: Participaram 25 enfermeiros e 14 técnicos de enfermagem. Os itens que apresentaram significância estatística foram relacionados à identificação e à diferenciação correta da dermatite associada à incontinência e lesão por pressão; e a forma correta para higienização da pele. Conclusão: A capacitação da equipe de enfermagem permitiu avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem para identificar, prevenir e tratar a dermatite associada à incontinência.

Pesticide exposure and risk of Central Nervous System tumors in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis. / Exposição a agrotóxicos e o risco de tumores do Sistema Nervoso Central em crianças: revisão sistemática com metanálise.

Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors represent more than half of all childhood malignant neoplasms. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and the development of CNS tumors in children. We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the PubMed/MEDILINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. The inclusion criteria were cohort and case-control studies investigating the association between exposure to pesticides and CNS tumors (all histological types included in group III of the WHO Classification of Childhood Cancer) in children aged 0-14 years. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model and the Mantel-Haenszel method. Strength of association was measured using odds ratios (OR). The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under identification number CRD42021209354. The search identified 1,158 studies, 14 of which were included in the review. There was evidence of an association between the development of astrocytomas and exposure to all classes of pesticides (OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.15-1.96; p=0.03). The synthesis of the evidence pointed to a relationship between exposure to pesticides and some histological types of CNS tumors in childhood.

Os tumores do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) representam mais da metade das neoplasias infantis malignas que acometem crianças. Objetivou-se analisar o risco de exposição a agrotóxicos relacionado com o desenvolvimento de tumores do SNC em crianças. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDILINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus e CINAHL. Foram incluídos estudos de coorte e caso-controle sobre o desenvolvimento de tumores do SNC (todos os tipos histológicos do grupo III Classificação de Câncer Infantil) decorrentes da exposição a agrotóxicos em crianças de 0-14 anos. Na metanálise utilizou-se o modelo de efeito aleatório e o método estatístico de Mantel-Haenszel. A Razão de Chances (RC) ou Odds Ratio (OR) foi a medida de associação aplicada. A revisão foi registrada no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) sob o número CRD42021209354. A busca identificou 1.158 estudos, dos quais 14 compuseram a revisão. Verificou-se evidência de associação entre o desenvolvimento de astrocitomas e a exposição a todas as classes de pesticidas (OR 1,50; IC95% 1,15-1,96; p=0,03). A síntese dos resultados apontou para uma relação da exposição aos agrotóxicos com o desfecho de alguns tipos histológicos de tumores do SNC na infância.

Exposição a agrotóxicos e o risco de tumores do Sistema Nervoso Central em crianças: revisão sistemática com metanálise / Pesticide exposure and risk of Central Nervous System tumors in children: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Resumo Os tumores do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) representam mais da metade das neoplasias infantis malignas que acometem crianças. Objetivou-se analisar o risco de exposição a agrotóxicos relacionado com o desenvolvimento de tumores do SNC em crianças. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDILINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus e CINAHL. Foram incluídos estudos de coorte e caso-controle sobre o desenvolvimento de tumores do SNC (todos os tipos histológicos do grupo III Classificação de Câncer Infantil) decorrentes da exposição a agrotóxicos em crianças de 0-14 anos. Na metanálise utilizou-se o modelo de efeito aleatório e o método estatístico de Mantel-Haenszel. A Razão de Chances (RC) ou Odds Ratio (OR) foi a medida de associação aplicada. A revisão foi registrada no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) sob o número CRD42021209354. A busca identificou 1.158 estudos, dos quais 14 compuseram a revisão. Verificou-se evidência de associação entre o desenvolvimento de astrocitomas e a exposição a todas as classes de pesticidas (OR 1,50; IC95% 1,15-1,96; p=0,03). A síntese dos resultados apontou para uma relação da exposição aos agrotóxicos com o desfecho de alguns tipos histológicos de tumores do SNC na infância.

Abstract Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors represent more than half of all childhood malignant neoplasms. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental exposure to pesticides and the development of CNS tumors in children. We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the PubMed/MEDILINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. The inclusion criteria were cohort and case-control studies investigating the association between exposure to pesticides and CNS tumors (all histological types included in group III of the WHO Classification of Childhood Cancer) in children aged 0-14 years. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model and the Mantel-Haenszel method. Strength of association was measured using odds ratios (OR). The review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under identification number CRD42021209354. The search identified 1,158 studies, 14 of which were included in the review. There was evidence of an association between the development of astrocytomas and exposure to all classes of pesticides (OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.15-1.96; p=0.03). The synthesis of the evidence pointed to a relationship between exposure to pesticides and some histological types of CNS tumors in childhood.

Behavioral and neuroinflammatory changes caused by glyphosate: Base herbicide in mice offspring.

BACKGROUND: Glyphosate is a pesticide considered of low toxicity, but scientific evidences show it can be harmful to health. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity in mice offspring exposed to glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) during the intrauterine period. METHODS: Female matrices received glyphosate 0.3 mg/kg daily per oral throughout the gestational period, which was variable between 18 and 22 days. From the 25th until the 28th days post-birth, mice offspring were subjected to behavioral tests, and the prefrontal cortex was processed for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: Two significant behavioral changes were observed: anxiety in the GLIF0.3 group, increase in the behavior burying marbles in the marble-burying test and hyperactivity, expressed by the significant increase of the crossing number in the open field test. The increased microglia, TNF-alpha, and astrocyte expression were also observed in the prefrontal cortex of offspring treated with GLIF0.3. CONCLUSION: Exposure to GBH during mice intrauterine development induces hyperactive and anxious behavior, evidencing neuroinflammation.

The nitric oxide pathway is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of the rutheniumcomplex [Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)(NO)](PF6)3.

Metal coordination complexes are chemotherapeutic and anti-inflammatory agents. The ruthenium complex FOR811A ([Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)Cl](PF6)3) FOR811A was evaluated in mice models of acute inflammation and behavioral tests. Animals received FOR811A (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg; i.p.), indomethacin (20 mg/kg; i.p.), L-NAME (20 mg/kg; i.v.) aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg; i.p.) or dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg; s.c.) 30 min before inflammatory stimulation. Paw edema was induced by carrageenan (400 µg/paw), TNF-α or L-arginine (15 nmol/paw) (5 ng/paw) and evaluated by hydropletismometry 4 h later. Peritonitis was induced by carrageenan (500 µg; i.p.) and evaluated 4 h later for hypernociception and quantification of total/differential leukocytes, total protein reduced glutathione (GSH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). FOR811A inhibited the paw edema induced by carrageenan at 3 (64%; p < 0.0001), 10 (73%; p < 0.0001) and 30 mg/kg (66%; p < 0.0001), and at 10 mg/kg that induced with L-arginine by 75% or TNF-α by 55% (p = 0.0012). Paw tissues histological analysis showed reduction in mast cells (46%; p = 0.0027), leukocyte infiltrate (66%; p < 0.0001), edema and hemorrhagic areas. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed inhibition of iNOS (62%; p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (35%; p < 0.0001). In the peritonitis model FOR811A increased (2.8X; p < 0.0001) hypernociceptive threshold, reduced total leukocytes (29%; p < 0.0001), neutrophils (47%; p = 0.0003) and total proteins (36%; p = 0.0082). FOR811A also inhibited MPO (47%; p = 0.0296) and increased GSH (1.8X; p < 0.0001). In the behavioral tests, FOR811A reduced (30.6%) the number of crossings in the open field, and increased (16%) the number of falls in the Rota rod. Concluding, FOR811A presents anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, via nitric oxide pathway.

Social representations of nursing professionals on pain assessment in pediatric oncology patients / Representações sociais dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre a avaliação da dor na criança oncológica

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As pain is subjective, a personal and unique experience, professionals cannot ignore it or even underestimate it, especially thinking about the pediatric cancer patient. The objective was to apprehend the social representations of the nursing technicians on pain assessment in oncological children. METHODS: Qualitative research, based on the Representation Theory. Collection was carried out in the pediatric oncology care sector in March 2017. RESULTS: Six nursing technicians participated in the study, their speeches were grouped through a thematic categorization, namely: category 1. Pain perception in pediatric cancer patients, with two subcategories (pain assessment methods and institutional protocol for pain assessment) and category 2: Difficulties in applying the pain assessment method. CONCLUSION: Pain assessment of pediatric oncology patients is limited by nursing professionals, who perform it empirically or even through touching and observing face changes. Without a standardized and validated measurement instrument, this assessment may not be reliable, even though it's understandable that this is partly due to the process of adapting to the social reality that was established in the care system.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Por ser a dor algo subjetivo, uma experiência pessoal e única, os profissionais não podem ignorá-la ou mesmo subestimá-la, ainda mais pensando na criança oncológica. Objetivou-se apreender as representações sociais dos técnicos de enfermagem sobre a avaliação da dor na criança oncológica. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa qualitativa, utilizou como fundamentação a Teoria das Representações, coleta realizada no setor de cuidados oncológicos pediátricos, no mês de março de 2017. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo seis técnicas de enfermagem, suas falas foram agrupadas, ocorreu categorização temática, a saber: a categoria 1. Percepção da dor na criança oncológica, apresentando duas subcategorias (métodos de avaliação da dor e protocolo institucional para avaliar a dor) e a categoria 2. Dificuldades para aplicação do método de avaliação da dor. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação da dor da criança oncológica é limitada pelas profissionais de enfermagem, que a realizam de forma empírica ou mesmo tocando e observando a alteração da face. Sem um instrumento de medida padronizado e validado, essa avaliação pode não ser fdedigna, mesmo entendendo que em parte deve-se ao processo de adaptação à realidade social que foi estabelecida no sistema de assistência.

Aleitamento materno: estudo reflexivo à luz da filosofia / Breastfeeding: reflective study in the light of philosophy / Lactancia materna: un estudio reflexivo a la luz de la filosofía

A amamentação envolve vários fatores para o seu pleno "sucesso", no entanto esse momento repleto de experiências diferentes do que a mulher já havia apreendido, tende a deixá-la assustada, impotente e/ou culpada. Objetivou-se refletir sobre a amamentação à luz da filosofia e suas implicações para início e continuação. Estudo de reflexão, fundamentada em leituras de filósofos como Heidegger, Ide Pascal, Nerecí e Espinosa, analisando a relação filosófica com a prática do aleitamento materno, diante da assistência a puérpera. A escolha desses referenciais surgiu como forma de discutir aspectos que possibilitem e/ou comprometem o início e continuação do aleitamento materno, sendo dividido em dois pontos: Amamentaçãoe suas nuances; Culpa X Amamentação. Refletir sobre a amamentação possibilita aos profissionais compreender o ato de amamentar não mais como instintivo e natural, mas sua complexidade, em diversos aspectos biopsicossociais, percebendo cada mulher como protagonista e suas singularidades.

La lactancia materna involucra varios factores para su pleno "éxito", sin embargo este momento lleno de experiencias diferentes a las que la mujer ya había aprendido tiende a dejarla asustada, desamparada y/o culpable. El objetivo fue reflexionar sobre la lactancia materna a la luz de la filosofía y sus implicaciones para el inicio y la continuación. Estudio de reflexión, a partir de lecturas de filósofos como Heidegger, Ide Pascal, Nerecí y Espinosa, analizando la relación filosófica con la práctica de la lactancia materna, frente a la asistencia a la puérpera. La elección de estas referencias surgió como una formade discutir aspectos que permiten y/o comprometen el inicio y la continuación de la lactancia materna, siendo dividida en dos puntos: La lactancia materna y sus matices; Culpa X Lactancia Materna. Reflexionar sobre la lactancia materna permite a los profesionales comprender el acto de amamantar no ya como instintivo y natural, sino su complejidad, en varios aspectos biopsicosociales, percibiendo a cada mujer como protagonista y sus singularidades.

Breastfeeding involves several factors for its full "success", however this moment full of experiences different from what the woman had already learned, tends to leave her scared, powerless and/or guilty. The objective was to reflect on breastfeeding in the light of philosophy and its implications for initiation and continuation. Reflection study, based on readings by philosophers such as Heidegger, Ide Pascal, Nerecí and Espinosa, analyzing the philosophical relationship with the practice of breastfeeding, in the face of assistance to postpartum women. The choice of these references emerged as a way to discuss aspects that enable and/or compromise the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, being divided into two points: Breastfeeding and its nuances; Guilt X Breastfeeding. Reflecting on breastfeeding enables professionals to understand the act of breastfeeding no longer as instinctive and natural, but its complexity, in different biopsychosocial aspects, perceiving each woman as a protagonist and her singularities.

óbitos por covid-19 em trabalhadores da enfermagem brasileira: estudo transversal / Deaths due to covid-19 among brazilian nursing workers: a cross-sectional study / Fallecimientos por covid-19 entre trabajadores de enfermería en brasil: estudio transversal

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar óbitos por Covid-19 em profissionais da enfermagem brasileira, confirmados com Covid-19, e em quarentena, internados ou falecidos, no Observatório do Conselho Nacional de Enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, entre março de 2020 e agosto de 2021, no Brasil, via observatório do Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a prevalência de óbito por Covid-19 em profissionais da enfermagem brasileira foi de 2,5% (825/32.560), nos auxiliares de enfermagem 4,9% (109/2.224), estes com média de idade mais elevada (p< 0,0001). Apesar de 84,5% (27.508/32.560) da amostra ser feminina, a porcentagem de óbito foi maior no sexo masculino 5,2% (263/5.052) (p<0,0001). A regressão logística demonstrou que o sexo e a categoria profissional podem predizer o óbito por Covid-19 entre a enfermagem brasileira. Conclusão: o estudo contribui para evidenciar os riscos da categoria no enfrentamento da Covid-19 e repensar medidas para reduzir danos da pandemia nessa população.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze deaths due to COVID-19 in Brazilian Nursing professionals, with confirmed diagnoses of the disease and in quarantine, hospitalized or deceased, at the Federal Nursing Council Observatory. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil between March 2020 and August 2021, via the Federal Nursing Council Observatory. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the prevalence of death due to COVID-19 in Brazilian Nursing professionals was 2.5% (825/32,560) and 4.9% (109/2,224) in nursing assistants, these latter with a higher mean age (p<0.0001). Although 84.5% (27,508/32,560) of the sample was female, the percentage of deaths was higher in the male gender, with 5.2% (263/5,052) (p<0.0001). The logistic regression analysis showed that gender and professional category can predict deaths due to COVID-19 among Brazilian Nursing workers. Conclusion: the study contributes to evidencing the risks faced by the professional category in coping with COVID-19, as well as to rethinking measures to reduce the harms imposed by the pandemic on this population segment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los fallecimientos por COVID-19 entre profesionales de Enfermería brasileños, con diagnóstico confirmado de la enfermedad y en cuarentena, internados o fallecidos, en el Observatorio del Consejo Federal de Enfermería. Método: estudio transversal realizado en Brasil entre marzo de 2020 y agosto de 2021 a través del Observatorio del Consejo Federal de Enfermería. Los datos se analizaron por medio de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la prevalencia de fallecimientos por COVID-19 entre profesionales de Enfermería brasileños fue del 2,5% (825/32.560) y en auxiliares de enfermería fue del 4,9% (109/2.224), estos últimos con mayor media de edad (p<0,0001). A pesar de que el 84,5% (27.508/32.560) de la muestra estuvo compuesta por mujeres, el porcentaje de fallecimientos fue mayor en el sexo masculino: 5,2% (263/5.052) (p<0,0001). El análisis de regresión logística demostró que el sexo y la categoría profesional pueden predecir el desenlace de fallecimiento por COVID-19 entre profesionales de Enfermería en Brasil. Conclusión: el estudio contribuye a poner de manifiesto los riesgos a los que se expone la categoría profesional en el afrontamiento del COVID-19, al igual que a repensar medidas para reducir los perjuicios ocasionados por la pandemia en este segmento de la población.

NurseVR: Development of a Serious Virtual Reality Game for Medication Preparation and Administration Training.

The use of simulation for nursing education has several advantages. The present study aimed to develop and validate a serious virtual reality game for medication preparation and administration training. This is a methodological study in which a serious virtual reality game named NurseVR was developed and evaluated by teachers and students of a nursing course. In NurseVR, the player presents himself or herself in a simulated hospital environment to prepare and administer a medication. From then on, all the steps to be taken are the player's free choice according to what was learned in the classroom, making the game the closest to reality. High levels of positive agreement to statements concerning the validity of the game were found between students and teachers. The virtual immersion proposal was an innovative tool, and the validation results of the final version of NurseVR allow its use for nursing training.

Effect of involuntary chronic physical exercise on beta-amyloid protein in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The excessive deposition of ß-amyloid proteins (Aß) is directly correlated with the establishment and development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Current treatments for AD only reduce symptoms instead of acting on Aß, the primary etiological agent. Hence, the anti-amyloid effect of regular exercise has been widely investigated as an alternative therapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the anti-amyloid effect of regular physical exercise in animal models of AD. The search was conducted on the electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science without data limitation and using the following describers: "amyloid beta" (OR senile plaque OR amyloid plaque) and "exercise" (OR physical activity OR training). The risk of bias was evaluated using the SYRCLE's tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using models of random continuous effects. A total of 36 studies were selected and most used: transgenic mice (n = 29), treadmill training, duration of 12 weeks (interval of 4 to 28 weeks), rate of 60 min/day (interval of 30 min and up until free access) and speed of 12 m/min (interval of 3.2 to 32 m/min). The hippocampus and cortex were the most frequently investigated regions. Meta-analysis demonstrated a decrease in Aß with greater effect in unspecified isoforms Meta-analysis demonstrated a decrease in Aß with greater effect in unspecified isoforms (N = 4; SMD = -2.71, IC 95%: -3.59, -1.84, p < 0.00001, Q2 = 3.38, I2 = 11%) and Aß1-42 (N = 21; SMD = -1.94, IC 95%: -2.37, -1.51, p < 0.00001, Q2 = 33,37, I2 = 40%). Concerning training, greater effect was found with: 1) swimming (N = 4; SMD = -1.98, IC 95%: -3,28 - -0,68, p = 0.003, Q2 = 9.74, I2 = 69%), 2) moderate intensity (N = 4; SMD = -2.03, IC 95%: -3.31 - -0.75, p < 0.005, Q2 = 12.68, I2 = 76%); 3) duration up to six weeks (N = 6; N = 6; SMD = -2.35, IC 95%: -3.15 - -1.55, p < 0.00001, Q2 = 8.38, I2 = 40%); 4) young animals (SMD = -2.00, IC 95%: -2.59 - -1.42, p < 0.00001, Q2 = 24.90, I2 = 52%); 5) in the amygdala region (N = 1; SMD = -8.56, IC 95%: -12.88 - -4.23, p = 0.0001) and females (N = 4; SMD = -2.14, IC 95%: -3.48 - -0.79, p = 0.002, Q2 = 10.31, I2 = 71%). However, the reduction of Aß was associated with decrease of amyloidogenic pathway and increase of non-amyloidogenic. Hence, regular physical exercise demonstrated anti-amyloid effect in experimental models of AD through positive alterations in APP processing through different signaling pathways.

PEDCARE: validation of a mobile application on diabetic foot self-care.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the process of validating a multimedia application on a mobile platform to promote foot care for people with diabetes. METHOD: a technological production and methodological type study. Content and appearance were validated by 39 judges (29 nursing judges and ten information and communication technology judges and 15 people from the target audience). RESULTS: nursing judges made it possible to validate the material with a total Content Validity Index of 0.95, a non-significant binomial test for most items and Cronbach's alpha of 0.92, information and communication technology judges with Suitability Assessment of Materials of 99.2% and the target audience with an agreement index of 98%. CONCLUSION: the application proved to be valid and reliable for use in clinical practice as an educational technology to promote foot care for people with diabetes.

Neuroprotective mechanisms of chronic physical exercise via reduction of ß-amyloid protein in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.

AIMS: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common irreversible chronic neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of ß-amyloid protein (Aß), which triggers homeostatic breakage in several physiological systems. However, the effect of chronic exercise on the formation of Aß as an alternative therapy has been investigated. This systematic review examines the antiamyloid effect of different types and intensities of exercise, seeking to elucidate its neuroprotective mechanisms. MAIN METHODS: The research was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science, using the following descriptors: "amyloid beta" (OR senile plaque OR amyloid plaque) and "exercise" (OR physical activity OR training). The risk of bias was evaluated through SYRCLE's Risk of Bias for experimental studies. KEY FINDINGS: 2268 articles were found, being 36 included in the study. A higher frequency of use of mice with genetic alterations was identified for the Alzheimer's disease (AD) model (n = 29). It was used as chronic training: treadmill running (n = 24), voluntary running wheel (n = 7), swimming (n = 4) and climbing (n = 2). The hippocampus and the cortex were the most investigated regions. However, physiological changes accompanied by the reduction of Aß and associated with AD progression were verified. It is concluded that exercise reduces the production of Aß in models of animals with AD. SIGNIFICANCE: Nevertheless, this effect contributes to the improvement of several physiological aspects related to Aß and that contribute to neurological impairment in AD.

PEDCARE: validation of a mobile application on diabetic foot self-care / PEDCARE: validación de una aplicación móvil sobre el autocuidado del pie diabético / PEDCARE: validação de um aplicativo móvel sobre o autocuidado com o pé diabético

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process of validating a multimedia application on a mobile platform to promote foot care for people with diabetes. Method: a technological production and methodological type study. Content and appearance were validated by 39 judges (29 nursing judges and ten information and communication technology judges and 15 people from the target audience). Results: nursing judges made it possible to validate the material with a total Content Validity Index of 0.95, a non-significant binomial test for most items and Cronbach's alpha of 0.92, information and communication technology judges with Suitability Assessment of Materials of 99.2% and the target audience with an agreement index of 98%. Conclusion: the application proved to be valid and reliable for use in clinical practice as an educational technology to promote foot care for people with diabetes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso de validación de una aplicación multimedia en una plataforma móvil para promover el cuidado de los pies en personas con diabetes. Método: estudio de producción tecnológica, tipo metodológico. El contenido y apariencia fueron validados por 39 jueces (29 jueces en el campo de la enfermería y diez con experiencia profesional en tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y 15 personas del público objetivo). Resultados: los jueces del área de enfermería permitieron validar el material con un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,95, una prueba binomial no significativa para la mayoría de los ítems y un alfa de Cronbach de 0,92, jueces de tecnología de la información y la comunicación con Suitability Assessment of Materials de 99,2% y el público objetivo con un Índice de Concordancia de 98%. Conclusión: la aplicación demostró ser válida y confiable para su uso en la práctica clínica como una tecnología educativa para promover el cuidado de los pies en personas con diabetes.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o processo de validação de aplicativo multimídia em plataforma móvel para a promoção de cuidado com os pés de pessoas com diabetes. Método: estudo de produção tecnológica, do tipo metodológico. O conteúdo e a aparência foram validados por 39 juízes (29 juízes na área de enfermagem e dez com experiência profissional em tecnologia da informação e comunicação e 15 pessoas do público-alvo). Resultados: os juízes na área de enfermagem possibilitaram a validação do material com Índice de Validade do Conteúdo total de 0,95, teste binomial não significativo para maioria dos itens e alfa de Cronbach de 0,92, juízes da área de tecnologia da informação e comunicação com Suitability Assessment of Materials de 99,2% e o público-alvo com Índice de Concordância de 98%. Conclusão: o aplicativo mostrou-se válido e confiável para uso na prática clínica como tecnologia educacional para promoção de cuidados com os pés de pessoas com diabetes.

Efeito da leitura de caderneta educativa sobre doença falciforme no conhecimento de familiares / Effect of reading an educational booklet about sickle cell disease on family members' knowledge

RESUMO Objetivo analisar o efeito da leitura de uma caderneta educativa sobre doença falciforme relacionada com o conhecimento de familiares. Métodos estudo quase-experimental, com 20 familiares de crianças com doença falciforme. Utilizou-se um formulário antes e 30 dias depois da consulta médica (pré e pós-teste). A caderneta foi entregue ao familiar no dia da consulta. A análise foi realizada através do Statistical Package for the Social Science versão 20 com os testes estatísticos Shapiro-Wilk, t de Student, Qui-Quadrado de McNemar e Odds Ratio. Resultados todos os participantes eram do sexo feminino, a maioria, mães de 20 a 30 anos com ensino médio. A análise revelou aumento do número de acertos após leitura da caderneta com significância estatística (p<0,001). Conclusão a leitura da caderneta e as estratégias utilizadas para o seu incentivo contribuíram para o aumento do conhecimento dos familiares sobre alguns aspectos da doença, capacitando-os para lidar melhor com essa enfermidade.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the effect of reading an educational booklet about sickle cell disease related to family members' knowledge. Methods quasi-experimental study, with 20 children´s family members with sickle cell disease. A form was used before and 30 days after medical consultation (pre- and post-test). The booklet was given to the family member on the day of the consultation. Analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 20 with the Shapiro-Wilk, Student's t, McNemar's chi-square and Odds Ratio statistical tests. Results all participants were female, mostly mothers aged 20 to 30 years with high school education. The analysis revealed increase in the number of correct answers after reading the booklet with statistical significance (p<0.001). Conclusion the reading of the booklet and the strategies used to encourage it contributed to increase the knowledge of family members about some disease aspects, enabling them to better deal with this disease.

Ethanolic Extract of the Red Algae Meristiella echinocarpa (Areschoug) Confers Neuroprotection in Mice / Extrato Etanólico da Alga Vermelha Meristiella echinocarpa (Areschoug) Confere Neuroproteção em Camundongos

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract obtained from red algae marine Meristiella echinocarpa (Areschougiaceae) ­ EEMe. Methods: EEMe was used in doses ranging from 10 to 40 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally in mice. Behavioral tests were performed to assess locomotor activity (open field), anxiety (elevated plus maze), depression (tail suspension), and motor coordination (rota-rod). The anticonvulsant effect of the algae extract was evaluated in two models of seizures induced by strychnine and pentylenetetrazol. The level of oxidative stress was also evaluated in the following brain areas: the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Statistical analysis was performed applying ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. Results: EEMe reduced significantly the number of crossing (36%) and rearing (54%) in the open field test and increased 1.3x the immobility time in the tail suspension test. In brain areas EEMe also reduced significantly malondialdehyde levels (striatum: 45%, hippocampus: 38%, prefrontal cortex: 37%) and nitrite levels (striatum: 72%, hippocampus: 79%, prefrontal cortex: 63%), and increased the reduced-glutathione levels (striatum: 72%, hippocampus: 73%, prefrontal cortex: 42%). In addition, the extract significantly prolonged the latency of seizures induced by strychnine (38%) or pentylenetetrazol (57%), and the latency of death induced by pentylenetetrazol (6.1x). Conclusion: EEMe exhibits antioxidant and anticonvulsant effects, probably involving GABAergic and glycinergic pathways.

Objetivos: este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos neuroprotetores do extrato etanólico da alga marinha vermelha Meristiella echinocarpa (Areschougiaceae) - EEMe. Métodos: EEMe foi utilizado em doses que variaram de 10 a 40 mg/kg, administrados via intraperitoneal em camundongos. Foram realizados testes comportamentais que avaliaram a atividade locomotora (campo aberto), a ansiedade (labirinto em cruz elevado), a depressão (suspensão em cauda) e a coordenação motora (rota-rod). O efeito anticonvulsivante do extrato da alga foi avaliado em dois modelos de convulsões por estricnina e pentilenotetrazol. Foi também realizada a avaliação do nível de estresse oxidativo nas seguintes áreas cerebrais: córtex pré-frontal, hipocampo e corpo estriado. A análise estatística foi realizada, aplicando a ANOVA seguida do teste de Bonferroni. Resultados: o EEMe reduziu, significativamente, o número de cruzamentos (36%) e o número de rearing (54%) no teste de campo aberto e aumentou, em 1,3x, o tempo de imobilidade no teste de suspensão pela cauda. Nas áreas cerebrais, o EEMe também reduziu, significativamente, os níveis de malondialdeído (estriado: 45%, hipocampo: 38%, córtex pré-frontal: 37%) e os níveis de nitrito (estriado: 72%, hipocampo: 79%, córtex pré-frontal: 63%) e aumentou a glutationa reduzida (estriado: 72%, hipocampo: 73%, córtex pré-frontal: 42%). Além disso, o EEMe prolongou, significativamente, a latência das convulsões induzidas por estricnina (38%) ou pentilenotetrazol (57%), e a latência da morte induzida por pentilenetetrazol (6,1x). Conclusão: o EEMe apresenta efeitos antioxidantes e anticonvulsivantes, provavelmente envolvendo as vias GABAérgica e glicinérgica.

Tecnologia educacional para a prevenção de doenças em crianças pré-escolares e escolares / Tecnología educativa para la prevención de enfermedades en preescolares y escolares / Educational technology for disease prevention in preschoolers and schoolchildren

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência acerca da criação e aplicação de uma tecnologia educacional de enfermagem voltada para a lavagem das mãos como forma de prevenção de doenças entre pré-escolares e escolares. Método: Estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, realizado por acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem, durante o estágio supervisionado. Resultados: A experiência oportunizou o aprendizado sobre a elaboração de uma tecnologia educacional voltada para o público infantil utilizando ferramentas atrativas para a idade. A aplicação de uma atividade educativa planejada foi essencial ao processo de formação como enfermeiros, sendo essa experiência positiva, para auxiliar no planejamento de futuras intervenções educacionais, utilizando ferramentas educativas de acordo com o público-alvo. Conclusão: Essa experiência foi positiva, para auxiliar no planejamento de futuras intervenções educacionais, utilizando ferramentas educativas de acordo com o público-alvo(AU)

Purpose: To report the experience creating and applying an educational technology of nursing focused on hand washing to prevent diseases among preschoolers and schoolchildren. Method: A descriptive study of the experience report given by nursing undergraduate students during the supervised training. Results: The experience provided the opportunity to learn about the development of educational technologies for children, using attractive tools for their age. The implementation of a planned educational activity was essential in the nurses' training process. Furthermore, this experience provided means to aid the planning of future educational interventions using educational tools according to the target audience. Conclusion: This experience was positive to assist in the planning of future educational interventions using educational tools according to the target audience(AU)

Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia sobre la creación y aplicación de una tecnología educativa de enfermería orientada al lavado de manos como forma de prevención de enfermedades entre preescolares y escolares. Método: Estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia realizado por académicos del curso de Enfermería durante la etapa supervisada. Resultados: La experiencia dio oportunidad al aprendizaje sobre la elaboración de una tecnología educativa orientada al público infantil utilizando herramientas atractivas para la edad. La aplicación de una actividad educativa planificada fue esencial en el proceso de formación de enfermeros, siendo esa experiencia positiva para auxiliar en la organización de futuras intervenciones educativas utilizando herramientas didácticas de acuerdo con el público al que van destinadas. Conclusión: Esta experiencia fue positiva para ayudar en la planificación de futuras intervenciones educativas utilizando herramientas didácticas de acuerdo con el público objetivo(AU)

Prevalence of dyslipidemia in children from 2 to 9 years old.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the occurrence of dyslipidaemia and associated factors in children aged 2 to 9 years. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, carried out with 700 children, in a region of Northeast Brazil. For comparison of means, Student's t test was used; and, for the comparison of medians, the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: A prevalence of dyslipidaemia of 68.4% was found. In isolation, the majority had a level of: total desirable cholesterol (386; 55.1%), undesirable lipoprotein cholesterol (376; 53.7%), low density lipoproteins - desirable cholesterol (514; 73.4%) and desirable triglyceride (509; 72.7%). In the final multivariate model, only the variable "preschool age" was significant (prevalence ratio = 1.14), indicating that these children are more likely to have dyslipidaemia than those of school age. CONCLUSION: An association was found between dyslipidaemia and preschool age. The need for programs and strategies to better understand this problem is indicated, in addition to preventing early coronary diseases.