RESUMO
Kinosternon scorpioides, popularly known as scorpion mud turtle (jurará in Brazil), is a fresh water species. There is little information about its reproduction and the present study aims to morphologically characterize the reproductive organs of male K.scorpioides bred in captivity in two seasons of the year. The reproductive tracts of adult animals under went macroscopic ultrastructural analysis of the lumen, as well as scanning electron and transmission microscopy. Macroscopically, the male genital organs consist of a pair of testicles, epididymis, the vas deferens and a penis. Testicles, epididymis and deferents ducts were characterized by reproductive activity during the rainy season and reproductive inactivity in the dry period. The morphometry regarding the tubular and luminal diameter and epithelial height of the testicles, epididymis and deferents ducts showed changes along the studied periods. The rainy season presented higher averages than the dry period. The penis did not show any changes during both periods. It was concluded that K. scorpioides exhibits reproductive seasonality.
Assuntos
Genitália Masculina/anatomia & histologia , Genitália Masculina/fisiologia , Tartarugas/anatomia & histologia , Tartarugas/fisiologia , Animais , Animais de Zoológico/anatomia & histologia , Animais de Zoológico/fisiologia , MasculinoRESUMO
The swear turtle "jurará" (Kinosternon scorpioides) is a mud turtle of the Amazon region exposed to disordering capture in the rural areas of Maranhão, Brazil. Despite its popularity in these areas, little meaningful information regarding the reproductive morphology is currently available, fact that impedes the adoption of policies for preservation of the species. To obtain more information, we studied the ovarian morphology adult jurará females kept in captivity by morphological and morphometric analysis in the dry and rainy season. The results revealed that all females were sexually mature and were in a vitellogenic period. The ovaries are two irregular structures composed by follicles in different stages of development (primary, secondary and tertiary) scattered in a stroma of loose connective highly vascularized tissue. The ovary weight was 6.25±4.23g and 2.27±1.42g, for the right and left one respectively. The gonadosomatic indexes were 2.06% for the dry season and 1.79% for the rainy season. The average of the follicles was 29.83 units per ovary. Microscopically, the mature ovaries revealed a basal layer composed by four cellular layers: the inner and outer theca, stratum granulosum with perivitelline membrane and zona radiata with vitelline membrane. No significant differences were observed in the ovaries either in the dry or wet period.
O jurará (Kinosternon scorpioides) é um cágado da Região Amazônica que sofre com as capturas desordenadas nos interiores maranhenses e que apesar da sua popularidade nessas áreas, os dados relacionados à morfologia reprodutiva ainda são poucos esclarecedores, o que dificulta a adoção de medidas para preservação da espécie. Desta forma, caracterizou-se morfologicamente os ovários de fêmeas adultas de jurara oriundas de cativeiro através da análise morfológica e morfométrica em dois períodos do ano, seco e o chuvoso. Os resultados comprovaram que todas as fêmeas eram maduras sexualmente e se encontravam em período vitelogênico. Os ovários são duas estruturas irregulares constituídas por diversos folículos em desenvolvimento (primários, secundários e terciários) sobre um estroma de tecido conjuntivo frouxo ricamente vascularizado, com média de peso do direito e esquerdo respectivamente de 6,25±4,23g and 2,27±1,42g. Índices gonadossomáticos de 2,06% para o período seco e de 1,79% para o chuvoso. Média de folículos observados de 29,83 unidades por ovário. Histologicamente, os ovários maduros possuíam camada basal composta por quatro camadas celulares: as tecas externa e interna, o estrato granuloso com membrana perivitelínica e a zona radiata com membrana vitelínica. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas dos ovários entre os dois períodos estudados.
Assuntos
Animais , Gônadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ovário/anatomia & histologia , Reprodução/genética , Tartarugas/anatomia & histologia , Folículo Ovariano/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Maturidade Sexual/genéticaRESUMO
The objective of this work was to identify the phthirapteran species, to determine the prevalence according to the anatomical region of the body and to know the dynamics and composition of the population of these ectoparasites in free-range chicken in São Luis Island, state of Maranhão. Inspection was performed in 40 chickens and feathers were collected from the head, neck, wing, thigh, dorsal and ventral regions and cloacae. The phthirapteran species identified were: Menopon gallinae L., Menacanthus stramineus Nitzsch, Menacanthus pallidulus Neumann, Menacanthus cornutus Schommer (Menoponidae), and Lipeurus caponis L., Goniodes dissimilis Denny and Goniocotes gallinae De Geer (Philopteridae). L. caponis was collected from all regions sampled, including the head, which was the least infested region. The dorsum was the most infested, especially in the dry period of the year and where the greater parasitic diversity was observed, the wing and the head were the least infested regions. Considering the dynamics and the composition of the population the phthirapteran presented a prevalence of 85% of the sampled chickens, the mean intensity of infestation was 45.3 varying from <1 to 453. The egg stage was superior to the others life stages followed by nymphs and female adults, independent of the phthirapteran species.
Assuntos
Galinhas/parasitologia , Ectoparasitoses/veterinária , Ftirápteros , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Brasil , Ectoparasitoses/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Ftirápteros/classificação , Ftirápteros/fisiologia , Densidade Demográfica , Dinâmica Populacional , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as espécies de phthirápteros, estimar a prevalência de acordo com a região anatômica amostrada e conhecer a dinâmica e estrutura da população destes ectoparasitos em galinhas caipiras criadas na ilha de São Luís, MA. Realizou-se inspeção de 40 aves. Tufos de penas foram coletados de cada região do corpo, a saber: cabeça, pescoço, asa, coxa, região dorsal, região ventral e cloaca. As espécies de phthirápteros identificadas foram: Menopon gallinae L., Menacanthus stramineus Nitzsch, Menacanthus pallidulus Neumann e Menacanthus cornutus Schommer (Menoponidae), e Lipeurus caponis L., Goniodes dissimilis Denny e Goniocotes gallinae De Geer (Philopteridae). L. caponis foi coletada de todas as áreas, inclusive da cabeça, região anatômica menos infestada. A região do dorso foi a mais infestada, especialmente no período seco, e onde se detectou a maior diversidade parasitária, a asa e a cabeça foram as menos infestadas. Quanto à dinâmica e estrutura da população, os piolhos apresentaram prevalência de 85 por cento das aves examinadas, a intensidade média de infestação foi de 45,3 tendo uma variação de <1 a 453 phthirápteros nas aves examinadas. O estágio de ovo foi superior aos demais estágios de desenvolvimento de vida, seguido de ninfas e adultos fêmeas, independente da espécie de piolho.
The objective of this work was to identify the phthirapteran species, to determine the prevalence according to the anatomical region of the body and to know the dynamics and composition of the population of these ectoparasites in free-range chicken in São Luis Island, state of Maranhão. Inspection was performed in 40 chickens and feathers were collected from the head, neck, wing, thigh, dorsal and ventral regions and cloacae. The phthirapteran species identified were: Menopon gallinae L., Menacanthus stramineus Nitzsch, Menacanthus pallidulus Neumann, Menacanthus cornutus Schommer (Menoponidae), and Lipeurus caponis L., Goniodes dissimilis Denny and Goniocotes gallinae De Geer (Philopteridae). L. caponis was collected from all regions sampled, including the head, which was the least infested region. The dorsum was the most infested, especially in the dry period of the year and where the greater parasitic diversity was observed, the wing and the head were the least infested regions. Considering the dynamics and the composition of the population the phthirapteran presented a prevalence of 85 percent of the sampled chickens, the mean intensity of infestation was 45.3 varying from <1 to 453. The egg stage was superior to the others life stages followed by nymphs and female adults, independent of the phthirapteran species.