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INTRODUCTION: To identify the association between the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene, their variants and the onset of localized prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search strategy was carried out through MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CENTRAL and unpublished literature. We included randomized control trials, cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies that involved patients >18 years-old assessing the association between TMPRSS2 fusion gene, its single nucleotide polymorphisms and prostate cancer. The primary outcome was prostate cancer defined by histology of the tumor coming from transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy, transurethral resection of the prostate or radical prostatectomy. We assessed the risk of bias with QUADAS2 and performed a meta-analysis with Stata 14. RESULTS: We found 241 records with the search strategies. After duplicates were removed, 18 studies were included in qualitative analysis and 15 studies in meta-analysis. All included studies that had no applicability concerns and low risk of bias for flow and timing. Nine studies had an unclear risk of bias for index and reference tests, since they did not describe the blinding assessment appropriately. Regarding the association between TMPRSS2:ERG and prostate cancer, we found an odds ratio (OR) 2.24 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.29 to 3.91). Regarding the kind of sample, urine showed an OR 2.79 and a 95% CI (1.12 to 6.98) and when using a DNA molecular template, the OR was 3.55 with a 95% CI (1.08 to 11.65). CONCLUSIONS: There was an association between TMPRSS2:ERG fusion gene with the diagnosis of prostate cancer, mainly in urine samples and DNA-based molecular templates. TMPRSS2:ERG might be used as the gold standard biomarker for diagnosis and stratification of PCa.
RESUMO
Introduction: Several factors affect the salivary flow and cause xerostomia, i.e. aging, diets, radiation, various pathologies and the use of drugs. Objective: This study aimed to investigate drugs with potential xerostomic effect in institutionalized elderly patients. Material and methods: 235 elderly were investigated, of both sexes, of which 123 were women (52.3%) and 112 (47.7%) were men. In addition to the gender and age, the use of medications containing side effects of xerostomia/dry mouth/ hyposalivation or hyposialia was investigated. Such drugs were separated according to their medical area of expertise: Cardiology, Gastroenterology, Allergy, Neurology and pulmonology Results: When investigated the amount of drugs used for female patients, it was observed that 83 (67.5%) used up to five drugs, 35 (28.4%) between 6 and 10 and medicines, and 5 (4.1%) more than 10 drugs. When analyzed the amount of drugs used for male patients, it was observed that 88(78.6%) used up to five drugs, 17 (15.2%) were between 6 and 10 7 medicines, and (6.2%) more than 10 drugs. By analyzing the drugs with xerostomic potential, we found 354 medicines. Among these, 181 (51.1%) were used in Neurology, 45 (12.7%) had been prescribed in Cardiology, 33 (9.2%) were used drugs for allergic conditions, 80 (22.3%) were prescribed in gastroenterology and 15 (4.3%) in pulmonology. Conclusion: It can be concluded that many medications used to treat institutionalized elderly had xerostomic potential effect, notably those used in Neurology. Polypharmacy is also present, especially in the older age group.
