Involvement of transforming growth factor ß and its type 1 receptor in the development of breast cancer.

Introduction of recent achievements of molecular biology into clinical practice contributes significantly to both prevention and early detection of breast cancer in women and development of new approaches, including genotyping, to screening for breast cancer. Screening for genetic polymorphisms in genes TGFß1 and TGFßR1 reveals carriers of sporadic breast cancer. This provides an opportunity to reassess the role and place of preventive measures, also including surgical method, in the fight against breast cancer.

[Neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer using Newcastle disease virus].

The role of Newcastle disease virus and neoadjuvant therapy was assessed in 84 cases of breast cancer T1-4N0-2M0 (2005-2008). Combined use of the virus vaccine and chemotherapy (group A), therapy with the vaccine alone (group B) and chemotherapy regimen identical with that used in group A (group C) were compared. Histological pattern of tumor and stage were identified using expression of receptors of steroid hormones, oncoproteins Her2/neu and p53 as well as proliferation activity (marker Ki-67) before and after therapy. It was shown that the efficiency and safety of Newcastle disease virus (apathogenic strain La-Sotha) met specific immuno- and neoadjuvant therapy standards.

[Secondary malignancies in late periods after chemoradiotherapy for lymphogranulomatosis in children].

The incidence of secondary malignancies (SM) was studied in a population of 219 patients in late periods (3-29 years) after childhood and adolescence chemoradiotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). SMs were found in 15 (6.8%) patients. These were solid neoplasms located in the irradiated areas in 12 of them, including 4 patients with thyroid cancer and 2 with gastric cancer. All 3 cases of acute leukemia had occurred after chemoradiotherapy performed by extended programs that consisted of a large number of chemotherapy cycles. The detection rate of SM did not significantly depend on the dose of radiation, age at start of treatment, and a child's gender. The findings suggest that there is a need for the maximum concentration of an irradiation beam in the area of thyroid lesion and exposure, for limited cytotoxic therapy programs, and lifetime medical observation of the patients treated for HL in childhood.

[Use of flow cytometry in diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer].

Urinary bladder cancer ranks 11th (10-15 cases per 100,000 annually) in the oncological morbidity registry. Morphological diagnosis is generally confirmed by cytological assay of urinary sediment or lavage liquid. Yet, the method is effective only with low-differentiated cell tumor. Flow cytometry was used at the Center's Clinic (2005-2006) to test urinary sediment from 32 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer. In addition, all patients were tested 3 times by the standard cytological procedure using a mix of azure and eosin (Pappenheim). The sensitivity of the latter method proved to be 31.3% as compared with 65.62% for flow cytometry.

[Some specifics of tamoxifen's effect on the endometrium in menopausal cancer patients].

The study has been concerned with evaluation of tamoxifen effect in menopause, the nature of hyperplastic developments taking place in the course of that therapy as well as risk of endometrial carcinoma. Out of 276 breast cancer patients, 135 received tamoxifen whereas the rest were in control. Therapy was found to cause hyperplasia of the basal endometrial stroma. That in turn was followed by such benign changes as endometrial polyp formation. They were represented by an enlarged middle M-echo in ultrasound examination. No enhanced risk of endometrial carcinoma was reported.

[Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma]. / Endovaskuliarnaia papilliarnaia angioéndotelioma.

One case of a rare vascular tumor which occurs mainly in the childhood is presented. The tumor has a tendency to recurrence and metastases into the regional lymph nodes in spite of a relatively mature structure.

[Eccrine spiradenoma]. / Ekkrinnaia spiradenoma.

Benign epithelial tumor of the skin--eccrine spiradenoma--is characterized in detail clinically and morphologically.

[Controversial aspects of verification and classification of thyroid tumors]. / Nekotorye spornye voprosy verifikatsii i klassifikatsii opykhlei shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

20-year experience in the intraoperative study of more than 3000 goiters led the authors to the conclusion that the most correct verification of the pathologic process may be performed only by means of intraoperative stereomorphological and histotopographic examination of the biopsy. In case of nodular hyperplasia of follicular and macropapillary structures the most adequate term is adenomatous goiter. The term borderline thyroid tumor is also suggested although it needs further discussion by both clinicians and morphologists.

[Cystic epithelioma in the epidermal cyst]. / Kistoznaia epitelioma v epidermal'noi kiste.

A case of skin tumor-cystic epithelioma is reported. Differential-diagnostic features of its distinction from squamous-cell carcinoma are given.

[Carcinoid tumors of the lung]. / Kartsinoidnye opukholi legkikh.

Detailed cytological, histological and electron microscopic characteristics of pulmonary carcinoid tumors are listed on the basis of surgical clinic material. Various variants of the carcinoid tumors structure, their differential diagnosis are presented.

[Osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy]. / Osteokhondroplasticheskaia trakheobronkhopatiia.

14 cases of osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy (OT) are studied histologically. The disease is characterized by formation of cartilage and bone tissue in the submucosa of the trachea and bronchi outside their own cartilagenous carcass. Its histogenesis is not clear and is attributed to chronic bronchitis, specific inflammation, dysembryogenetic alterations, endocrine disorders, environmental and occupational hazards, amyloidosis of the trachea. The process is localized in the trachea and bronchi as an isolated and rarely as a diffuse lesion. Morphologically, normal or atrophic mucous membrane is observed, at some places with a squamous metaplasia. Areas of cartilage with calcium deposits and foci of bone having a trabecular structure with formation of spongious bone tissue, sometimes with bone marrow, were found.

[Carcinoid of the kidney]. / Kartsinoid pochki.

Rare location of carcinoid tumour in the kidney is reported. The diagnosis was established on the basis of histological and ultrastructural investigation.

[Aponeurotic fibromatosis with calcification]. / Aponevroticheskii fibromatosis s obyzvestvleniem.

Clinico-morphological description of one case of aponeurotic fibromatosis with calcification in a 59-year-old man. Fibromatosis was localized in the proximal part of the limb and had a nodular appearance. Histologically, roundish and oval cells with "swollen" nuclei forming a sort of parallel rows, foci of calcification and chondroid metaplasia characteristic for such cases were found.