Adverse drug events associated with linezolid administration: a real-world pharmacovigilance study from 2004 to 2023 using the FAERS database.

Introduction: Linezolid is an oxazolidinone antibiotic that is active against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Real-world studies on the safety of linezolid in large populations are lacking. This study aimed to determine the adverse events associated with linezolid in real-world settings by analyzing data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: We retrospectively extracted reports on adverse drug events (ADEs) from the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2004 to that of 2023. By using disproportionality analysis including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN), along with the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS), we evaluated whether there was a significant association between linezolid and ADE. The time to onset of ADE was further analyzed in the general population and within each age, weight, reporting population, and weight subgroups. Results: A total of 11,176 reports of linezolid as the "primary suspected" drug and 263 significant adverse events of linezolid were identified, including some common adverse events such as thrombocytopenia (n = 1,139, ROR 21.98), anaemia (n = 704, ROR 7.39), and unexpected signals that were not listed on the drug label such as rhabdomyolysis (n = 90, ROR 4.33), and electrocardiogram QT prolonged (n = 73, ROR 4.07). Linezolid-induced adverse reactions involved 27 System Organ Class (SOC). Gender differences existed in ADE signals related to linezolid. The median onset time of all ADEs was 6 days, and most ADEs (n = 3,778) occurred within the first month of linezolid use but some may continue to occur even after a year of treatment (n = 46). Conclusion: This study reports the time to onset of adverse effects in detail at the levels of SOC and specific preferred term (PT). The results of our study provide valuable insights for optimizing the use of linezolid and reducing potential side effects, expected to facilitate the safe use of linezolid in clinical settings.

Painless and non-invasive treatment of plantar warts utilizing traditional Chinese medicine soaking: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Warts result from an infection with the human papilloma virus (HPV). Plantar warts, also known as Verruca plantaris, can be notably painful for the patient and possess contagious qualities, thus necessitating assertive treatment. Despite several available approaches for addressing plantar warts, efficacy remains elusive. CASE PRESENTATION: One 22-year-old firefighter suffered from numerous plantar warts. After 26 days of traditional Chinese medicine soaking, the rashes completely disappeared. The treatment was without complications or discomfort, and a three-month follow-up showed no recurrence. CONCLUSION: Our case investigation highlighted the efficacy of herbal soaking as a safe, painless, and non-invasive therapeutic option, positioning it as a potential avenue for managing multiple plantar warts.

Temporal Characteristics of Penetration and Aspiration in Patients with Severe Dysphagia Associated with Lateral Medullary Syndrome.

To assess the severity and timing of penetration and aspiration (PA) of severe dysphagia after lateral medullary syndrome (LMS) and its association with temporal characteristics. We performed videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) in 48 patients with LMS and severe dysphagia and 26 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects. The following temporal measures were compared between groups: velopharyngeal closure duration (VCD); hyoid bone movement duration (HMD); laryngeal vestibular closure duration (LCD); upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening duration (UOD); stage transition duration (STD) and the interval between laryngeal vestibular closure and UES opening (LC-UESop). The association between temporal measures and Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores was analyzed. Differences in timing measures were compared between subgroups (safe swallows, and swallows with PA events during and after the swallow). PAS scores ≥ 3 were seen in 48% of swallows (4% occuring before, 35% occurred during and 61% after the swallow) from the LMS patients. Significantly longer STD and LC-UESop were found in the patients compared to the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Significant negative correlations with PA severity were found for HMD, LCD, and UOD. Short UOD was the strongest predictor with an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve of 0.66. UOD was also significantly shorter in cases of PA after the swallow (p < 0.01). Patients with LMS involving severe dysphagia exhibit a high frequency of PA (mostly during and after swallowing). PA events were associated with shorter UOD, HMD, and LCD. Notably, shortened UOD appears to be strongly associated with PA.

Complexation of Fluorofenidone by Cucurbit[7]uril and ß-Cyclodextrin: Keto-Enol Tautomerization to Enhance the Solubility.

This study is designed to compare drug encapsulation by cucurbit[7]uril and ß-cyclodextrin, using fluorofenidone as a model drug. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to successfully determine the crystal structures of fluorofenidone·H+@cucurbit[7]uril Form, fluorofenidone@cucurbit[7]uril Form, and fluorofenidone@ß-cyclodextrin Form. Keto-enol tautomerization of fluorofenidone mediated by cucurbit[7]uril in acid solution is confirmed by crystal structures, pH titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. However, ß-cyclodextrin cannot cause the keto-enol tautomerization of fluorofenidone under similar conditions. The phase solubility study demonstrates that cucurbit[7]uril has a much higher solubilization capacity for fluorofenidone than ß-cyclodextrin in 0.1 M HCl since the Kc values of fluorofenidone with cucurbit[7]uril and ß-cyclodextrin were 1223.97 ± 452.68 and 78.49 ± 10.56 M-1, respectively. Excellent solubility can be attributed to the keto-enol tautomerization of fluorofenidone under the conditions of cucurbit[7]uril in acid solution. The enol form of fluorofenidone is encapsulated by cucurbit[7]uril by hydrogen bonding interaction and hydrophobic interaction to increase binding affinity. Rat pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 7 h value of fluorofenidone@cucurbit[7]uril complex is 1.70-fold greater than that of free fluorofenidone, and the mean residence time from time 0 to 7 h is slightly prolonged from 1.29 to 1.76 h (P < 0.01) after oral administration. However, no significant difference is found between fluorofenidone and fluorofenidone@ß-cyclodextrin complex. This work indicates that the induction of keto-enol tautomerization of drugs using macrocyclic molecules has the potential to be an effective method to improve their solubility and bioavailability, providing valuable insights for the application of macrocyclic molecules in the biomedical field.

2D/2D Biochar/Bi2WO6 Hybrid Nanosheets with Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activities for Organic Pollutants Degradation.

In this work, a novel two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) hybrid photocatalyst consisting of Bi2WO6 (BWO) nanosheets and cotton fibers biochar (CFB) nanosheets was successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal process. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by a variety of techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. It was revealed that amorphous CFB nanosheets were uniformly immobilized on the surface of crystalline BWO nanosheets, and an intimate contact between CFB and BWO was constructed. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared BWO and CFB-BWO photocatalysts were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) in aqueous solutions under visible-light irradiation. Compared to the pristine BWO, the CFB-BWO composite photocatalysts exhibited significant enhancement in photocatalytic activities. Among all CFB-BWO samples, the 9CFB-BWO sample with the CFB mass ratio of 9% exhibited optimal photocatalytic activities for RhB or TC-HCl degradation, which was ca. 1.8 times or 2.4 times that of the pristine BWO, respectively. The improvement in photocatalytic activities of the CFB-BWO photocatalysts could be ascribed to the enhanced migration and separation of photogenerated charge carriers due to the formation of a 2D/2D interfacial heterostructure between CFB and BWO. Meanwhile, the possible mechanism of CFB-BWO for enhanced photocatalytic performance was also discussed. This work may provide a new approach to designing and developing novel BWO-based photocatalysts for the highly efficient removal of organic pollutants.

Effect of cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation with double-cone coil on dysphagia after subacute infratentorial stroke: A randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: A 10-Hz cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) could increase corticobulbar tract excitability in healthy individuals. However, its clinical efficacy for poststroke dysphagia (PSD) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of 10-Hz cerebellar rTMS in PSD patients with infratentorial stroke (IS). METHODS: In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 42 PSD patients with subacute IS were allocated to three groups: bilateral cerebellar rTMS (biCRB-rTMS), unilateral cerebellar rTMS (uniCRB-rTMS), or sham-rTMS. The stimulation parameters were 5 trains of 50 stimuli at 10 Hz with an interval of 10 s at 90% of the thenar resting motor threshold (RMT). The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) was assessed at T0 (baseline), T1 (day 0 after intervention), and T2 (day 14 after intervention), whereas the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS), Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS), and neurophysiological parameters were evaluated at T0 and T1. RESULTS: Significant time and intervention interaction effects were observed for the FOIS score (F = 3.045, p = 0.022). The changes in the FOIS scores at T1 and T2 were both significantly higher in the biCRB-rTMS group than in the sham-rTMS group (p < 0.05). The uniCRB-rTMS and biCRB-rTMS groups demonstrated greater changes in the DOSS and PAS at T1, compared with the sham-rTMS group (p < 0.05). Bilateral corticobulbar tract excitability partly increased in the biCRB-rTMS and uniCRB-rTMS groups at T1, compared with T0. The percent changes in corticobulbar tract excitability parameters at T1 showed no difference among three groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 10-Hz bilateral cerebellar rTMS is a promising, noninvasive treatment for subacute infratentorial PSD.

Optimization of deposition process for a productive and cohesive bio-CaCO3 to repair concrete existing cracks.

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is being investigated to repair concrete cracks because of its good durability and compatibility with cementitious matrix. However, during the in-situ application, the repairing often lasts weeks, even months. And the strength regain is quite low. The repairing time is largely determined by the CaCO3 yield, and the strength regain after the repair is closely related to the cohesion and bonding strength of CaCO3 itself. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to obtain an efficient precipitation of bio-CaCO3 with both high yield and good cohesion to improve the in-situ repairing efficiency. Firstly, the most influential factors on urease activity were screened and the precipitation kinetics were detailly investigated. The results show that the CaCO3 with the largest yield and cohesion was obtained when the bacterial concentration was 107 cells/mL and the concentration of urea and calcium was both 0.5 M at 20 °C. This weight loss of bio-CaCO3 was 9.24% under ultrasonic attack. Secondly, two models were established to quantify or semi-quantify the relationship between the most influential factors and the yield and cohesion of precipitates, respectively. The results showed the order of contribution for bio-CaCO3 precipitation was calcium ions concentration > bacterial concentration > urea concentration > temperature > initial pH. According to these models, the required yield and cohesion of CaCO3 by engineering could be obtained by adjusting affecting factors. Models were proposed for guiding the application of MICP in practical engineering. KEY POINTS: • Screened the most affecting factors on urease activity and investigated the precipitation kinetics. • Obtained optimal conditions of bio-CaCO. • Established two models in order to give some guidance for practical civil engineering.

Clustering-Fusion Feature Selection Method in Identifying Major Depressive Disorder Based on Resting State EEG Signals.

Depression is a heterogeneous syndrome with certain individual differences among subjects. Exploring a feature selection method that can effectively mine the commonness intra-groups and the differences inter-groups in depression recognition is therefore of great significance. This study proposed a new clustering-fusion feature selection method. Hierarchical clustering (HC) algorithm was used to capture the heterogeneity distribution of subjects. Average and similarity network fusion (SNF) algorithms were adopted to characterize the brain network atlas of different populations. Differences analysis was also utilized to obtain the features with discriminant performance. Experiments showed that compared with traditional feature selection methods, HCSNF method yielded the optimal classification results of depression recognition in both sensor and source layers of electroencephalography (EEG) data. Especially in the beta band of EEG data at sensor layer, the classification performance was improved by more than 6%. Moreover, the long-distance connections between parietal-occipital lobe and other brain regions not only have high discriminative power, but also significantly correlate with depressive symptoms, indicating the important role of these features in depression recognition. Therefore, this study may provide methodological guidance for the discovery of reproducible electrophysiological biomarkers and new insights into common neuropathological mechanisms of heterogeneous depression diseases.

Promoting water dissociation for efficient solar driven CO2 electroreduction via improving hydroxyl adsorption.

Exploring efficient electrocatalysts with fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism is imperative in CO2 electroreduction. However, the impact of sluggish water dissociation as proton source and the surface species in reaction are still unclear. Herein, we report a strategy of promoting protonation in CO2 electroreduction by implementing oxygen vacancy engineering on Bi2O2CO3 over which high Faradaic efficiency of formate (above 90%) and large partial current density (162 mA cm-2) are achieved. Systematic study reveals that the production rate of formate is mainly hampered by water dissociation, while the introduction of oxygen vacancy accelerates water dissociation kinetics by strengthening hydroxyl adsorption and reduces the energetic span of CO2 electroreduction. Moreover, CO3* involved in formate formation as the key surface species is clearly identified by electron spin resonance measurements and designed in situ Raman spectroscopy study combined with isotopic labelling. Coupled with photovoltaic device, the solar to formate energy conversion efficiency reaches as high as 13.3%.

The sensitivity and specificity of the modified volume-viscosity swallow test for dysphagia screening among neurological patients.

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a highly prevalent condition after stroke and other neurological diseases. The volume-viscosity swallow test (V-VST) is a screening tool for OD. Considering that the recommendations of volume and thickeners in the original V-VST limited the popularization and application of the test in the Chinese population, we provide the modified V-VST to detect OD among neurological patients. In addition, the accuracy of the modified V-VST to screen OD needs to be verified. We included 101 patients with neurological diseases. OD was evaluated by a modified V-VST and a videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS) using 3 volumes (i.e., 3, 5, and 10 ml) and 4 viscosities (i.e., water, mildly thick, moderately thick, and extremely thick). In this study, to compare with the original V-VST results, a volume of 20 ml was also included. The discriminating ability of modified V-VST in detecting OD was assessed by the sensitivity and specificity values of clinical signs of impaired efficiency (impaired labial seal, piecemeal deglutition, and residue) and impaired safety of swallowing (cough, voice changes, and oxygen desaturation ≥3%) in comparison to the results of VFSS. The modified V-VST showed 96.6% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for OD, 85.2% sensitivity and 70% specificity for impaired safety, and 90.9% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity for impaired efficacy. Our study suggests that the modified V-VST offers a high discriminating ability in detecting OD among neurological patients.

A risk prediction model for evaluating thrombosis extension of muscle calf venous thrombosis after craniotomy.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of muscle calf venous thrombosis (MCVT) after craniotomy and construct a risk prediction model, so as to provide tool for evaluating the prognosis of MCVT after craniotomy. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of patients undergoing craniotomy complicated with MCVT from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. A prediction model was established by Logistic regression, and the predictive efficacy of the model was tested by ROC curve. The accuracy of the risk model was evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test, and the model was verified internally by cross validation. Results: Among the 446 patients who underwent craniotomy complicated with MCVT, 112 cases (25.11%) had thrombosis extension. D-dimer, Capirini scores, length of hospital stay, malignant tumor, fracture, use of dehydrating agents and hemostatic agents were independently related to thrombosis extension after craniotomy. The area under ROC curve (AUROC) of the prediction model was 0.918 (0.888, 0.942), and the sensitivity and specificity of the maximum Youden index were 85.3% and 78.2%, respectively. H-L test showed that the prediction model was accurate (χ 2 = 12.426, P = 0.133). The internal verification results of the prediction model showed that the AUROC value of the prediction model is 0.892. Conclusion: The prediction model has a good prediction efficacy on the prognosis of post-craniotomy patients complicated with MCVT, and can be used as a tool to evaluate the risk of thrombosis extension.

The Predictive Value of Changes in the Absolute Counts of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets for Progression and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: As the number and proportion of lymphocyte subsets are an important indicator of the immune function, an in depth understanding of the immune function of patients with malignant tumor has important clinical values for the treatment, prognosis, and evaluation of the disease. This retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical value of the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets as potential blood biomarkers for progression and prognosis in breast cancer patients. Methods: A total of 237 BC patients and 55 age-matched female normal healthy donors were included in this study. Flow cytometry was used to determine the absolute counts and the percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, B, and NK cells. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the accuracy of absolute count of lymphocyte subsets in the curative efficacy assessment. The clinicopathological parameters influencing the disease progression were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression. Progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test. Results: Compared with the healthy donors, the absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets in patients decreased significantly. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of the CD4+ absolute count was 90% (95% confidence interval 0.859-0.940), and the sensitivity and specificity were 80.9% and 85.3%, respectively. The analysis of Cox regression showed that the cutoff value of the CD4+ absolute count ≥451 cells/µL might be a favorable prognostic factor. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors of PFS showed that the CD4+ and CD8+ absolute count were independent factors for predicting PFS. Conclusions: The remarkably impaired absolute counts of the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, B, and NK cells in patients with breast cancer can be used as potential susceptible biomarkers to evaluate the patient's immune status. The higher level of CD4+ and CD8+ absolute counts probably contributed to the longer PFS and favorable outcome of BC patients.

Clinical predictive value of naïve and memory T cells in advanced NSCLC.

Currently, there is no sensitive prognostic biomarker to screen out benefit patients from the non-benefit population in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients (aNSCLCs). The 435 aNSCLCs and 278 normal controls (NCs) were recruited. The percentages and absolute counts (AC) of circulating naïve and memory T lymphocytes of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Tn/Tm) were measured by flow cytometry. The percentage of CD4+ naïve T (Tn), CD8+ Tn, CD8+ T memory stem cell (Tscm), and CD8+ terminal effector T cell decreased obviously. Still, all AC of Tn/Tm of aNSCLCs was significantly lower compared to NCs. Higher AC and percentage of CD4+ Tn, CD8+ Tn, and CD4+ Tscm showed markedly longer median PFS in aNSCLCs. Statistics demonstrated the AC of CD4+ Tn (≥ 3.7 cells/µL) was an independent protective factor for PFS. The analysis of the prognosis of immunotherapy showed the higher AC and percentage of CD4+ Tn and CD4+ Tscm and higher AC of CD8+ Tscm had significantly longer median PFS and the AC of CD4+ Tn (≥ 5.5 cells/µL) was an independent protective factor for PFS. Moreover, higher AC and percentages of Tn/Tm suggested higher disease control rate and lower progressive disease rate. The AC of Tn/Tm showed more regular patterns of impairment and was more relative with the disease progression than percentages in aNSCLCs. AC had a better predictive value than percentages in Tn/Tm for PFS. Notably, the AC of CD4+ Tn was a potential prognostic biomarker for the PFS and efficacy of immunotherapy.

Increased cortical-medulla functional connectivity is correlated with swallowing in dysphagia patients with subacute infratentorial stroke.

Patients with infratentorial stroke (IS) exhibit more severe dysphagia and a higher risk of aspiration than patients with supratentorial stroke. Nevertheless, a large proportion of patients with IS regain swallowing function within 6 months; however, the neural mechanism for this recovery remains unclear. We aimed to investigate possible neuroplastic changes involved using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and their relation to swallowing function. We assessed 21 patients with IS (mean age: 59.9 ± 11.1 years) exhibiting dysphagia in the subacute phase and 21 healthy controls (mean age: 57.1 ± 7.8 years). Patient evaluations were based on the functional oral intake scale (FOIS), videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS), and fMRI. Temporal swallowing measures and the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) were obtained using VFSS. Whole-brain-medulla resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was calculated and compared between patients and healthy controls. The rsFCs were also correlated with functional measures within the patient group. In patients with IS, whole-brain-medulla rsFCs were significantly higher in the precuneus, the left and right precentral gyrus, and the right supplementary motor area compared to those in healthy controls (P < 0.001, family-wise error-corrected cluster-level P < 0.05). The rsFCs to the medulla for the left (r = -0.507, P = 0.027) and right side (r = -0.503, P = 0.028) precentral gyrus were negatively correlated with the PAS. The rsFC between the left (r = 0.470, P = 0.042) and right (r = 0.459, P = 0.048) precentral gyrus to the medulla was positively correlated with upper esophageal sphincter opening durations (UOD). In addition, PAS was also correlated with UOD (r = -0.638, P = 0.003) whereas the laryngeal closure duration was correlated with the hyoid bone movement duration (r = 0.550, P = 0.015). Patients with IS exhibited overall modulation of cortical-medulla connectivity during the subacute phase. Patients with higher connectivities showed better swallowing performance. These findings support that there is cortical involvement in swallowing regulation after IS and can aid in determining potential treatment targets for dysphagia.

Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Changes in Functional Brain Network of Major Depressive Disorder Patients: A Longitudinal Resting-State Electroencephalography Study.

Objectives: Several studies have shown abnormal network topology in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, changes in functional brain networks associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remission based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals have yet to be investigated. Methods: Nineteen-channel resting-state eyes-closed EEG signals were collected from 24 MDD patients pre- and post-ECT treatment. Functional brain networks were constructed by using various coupling methods and binarization techniques. Changes in functional connectivity and network metrics after ECT treatment and relationships between network metrics and clinical symptoms were explored. Results: ECT significantly increased global efficiency, edge betweenness centrality, local efficiency, and mean degree of alpha band after ECT treatment, and an increase in these network metrics had significant correlations with decreased depressive symptoms in repeated measures correlation. In addition, ECT regulated the distribution of hubs in frontal and occipital lobes. Conclusion: ECT modulated the brain's global and local information-processing patterns. In addition, an ECT-induced increase in network metrics was associated with clinical remission. Significance: These findings might present the evidence for us to understand how ECT regulated the topology organization in functional brain networks of clinically remitted depressive patients.

Reference range of naïve T and T memory lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of healthy adult.

Naïve T and T memory cell subsets are closely related to immune response and can provide important information for the diagnosis and treatment of immunological and hematological disorders. Lymphocyte compartment undergoes dramatic changes during adulthood; age-related reference values derived from healthy individuals are crucial. However, extensively detailed reference values of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the whole spectrum of adulthood detected by multi-color flow cytometry on a single platform are rare. Three hundred and nine healthy adult volunteers were recruited from Tianjin in China. The absolute counts and percentages of CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, naïve T cells (Tn), T memory stem cells (Tscm), central memory T cells (Tcm), effector memory T cells (Tem), and terminal effector T cells (Tte) were detected by flow cytometry with single platform technologies. Reference range of absolute counts and percentage of T lymphocyte subsets were formulated by different age and gender. The results showed that Tn and Tscm cells, which had stem cell properties, decreased with aging; while, Tcm and Tem increased with aging, which increased from 18 to 64 years old but presented no significant change over the 65 years old. Gender had an influence on the fluctuation of lymphocyte subsets, the absolute count of CD3+CD8+, CD8+Tcm, CD8+Tem in males were higher than those in females. The reference values of percentages and absolute numbers of naïve T and T memory cell subsets can help doctors to understand the immune state of patients and evaluate conditions of prognosis then adjust the treatment for patients. (Chinese Clinic Trial Registry number: ChiCTR-IOR-17014139.).

Structural and Componential Engineering of Co2P&CoP@N-C Nanoarrays for Energy-Efficient Hydrogen Production from Water Electrolysis.

The development of electrocatalysts for efficient water splitting is a pivotal and challenging task. Transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) have been known as one of the most promising candidates for the efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to their favorable intrinsic reactivity. However, structural engineering related to the gas bubbles evolution and tiny regulation of components concerned with the electronic structure remained as a significant challenge that requires further optimization. Herein, the nanoarrays (NAs) composed of ultrasmall Co2P and CoP nanoparticle-embedded N-doped carbon matrix (Co2P&CoP@N-C) are prepared and demonstrated an overpotential of 62.8 ± 4.7 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 1.0 M KOH. The nanoarray-structured electrocatalyst revealed the superaerophobicity and facilitates the detachment of the in situ formed hydrogen gas bubbles, ensuring abundant catalytic sites and electrode-electrolyte interface for the mass transfer process. The amount of P doping modulated the local electron density around Co and P atoms, which attains a favorable compromise to afford sufficient electrons for the electrocatalysis and inhibit the negative influence of H2 desorption. Significantly, the lowered overpotential induced by the electrocatalyst surface architecture is much stronger than that of the component content and promotes the electrocatalytic activity.

Case Report: A Novel Homozygous Variant Identified in a Chinese Patient With Benign Recurrent Intrahepatic Cholestasis-Type 1.

Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) is a rare hereditary cholestatic liver disorder. Accurate diagnosis and timely interventions are important in determining outcomes. Besides clinical and pathologic diagnosis, genetic study of BRIC remains limited. Here, we report a young man enduring recurrent jaundice and severe pruritus for 15 years. The increased level of direct bilirubin was the main biochemical abnormality, and the work-up for common causes of jaundice were unremarkable. Liver biopsy showed extensive cholestasis of hepatocytes in zone 3. The novel homozygous variant including c.1817T > C and p.I606T was detected on his ATP8B1gene. The patient was finally diagnosed with BRIC-1. His symptoms were relieved, and liver function tests returned to normal after taking ursodeoxycholic acid. This case provides a different perspective to the methodology employed when dealing with cases of jaundice and helping diagnose rare diseases.

Cost-Efficient Photovoltaic-Water Electrolysis over Ultrathin Nanosheets of Cobalt/Iron-Molybdenum Oxides for Potential Large-Scale Hydrogen Production.

Unassisted photovoltaic (PV) water splitting to hydrogen system is of great potential for future environmental-friendly fuel production from renewable solar energy. However, industrialization simultaneously requires higher efficiency, sustained stability and a lower cost for the system. In this work, the ultrathin cobalt/iron-molybdenum oxides nanosheet on nickel foam (NF) is prepared for efficient HER and OER, respectively, delivering a relatively low voltage of 1.45 V at 10 mA cm-2 in two-electrodes configuration. Water electrolysis at low voltage driven by electrocatalysts is critical for realizing energy conversion. Integrated with a commercial monocrystalline silicon cell, the H2 area specific activity of 0.47 L m-2 h-1 is achieved with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 15.1% under solar simulator illumination (100 mW cm-2 ) and no performance degradation appeares over 160 h. Such a solar conversion technology demonstrates the potential for long-term and cost-efficient H2 production in large-scale industrialization and provides an exploration for new-type of energy-conversion system.

2D Heterostructure of Amorphous CoFeB Coating Black Phosphorus Nanosheets with Optimal Oxygen Intermediate Absorption for Improved Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation.

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a paramount role in a variety of electrochemical energy conversion devices, and the exploration of highly active, stable, and low-cost electrocatalysts is one of the most important topics in this field. The exfoliated black phosphorus (EBP) nanosheet with a two-dimensional (2D) layered structure has high carrier mobility but is limited by excessive oxygen-containing intermediate absorption and fast deterioration in air. We here report the fabrication of nanohybrids of amorphous CoFeB nanosheets on EBP nanosheets (EBP/CoFeB). The 2D/2D heterostructure, thanks to the electronic interactions and oxygen affinity difference between EBP and CoFeB nanosheets, is capable of balancing the oxygen-containing intermediate absorption to an optimal status for facilitating the OER process. While the crystalline EBP contributes to the improved conductivity, the amorphous coating protects EBP and thus ensures the catalytic stability. The EBP/CoFeB electrocatalyst shows excellent OER performance with an ultralow overpotential of 227 mV at 10 mA cm-2 with an ultrasmall Tafel slope of 36.7 mV dec-1 with excellent stability. This study may inspire more researches to develop heterostructured nanohybrid electrocatalysts for a diversity of electrochemical reactions.