[Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics and treatment outcomes of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ANCA-associated vasculitic neuropathy].

Objective: To investigate the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of ANCA-associated vasculitic neuropathy (VN) and analyze the predictors of treatment outcomes. Methods: Retrospective case series. In all, 652 consecutive patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis were admitted to the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2006 and December 2022. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 91 patients. Patients were excluded if other known causes of neuropathy were present. Sixty-one patients were eventually enrolled, including 17 with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), 11 with granulomatosis polyangiitis (GPA), and 33 with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Their clinical data were collected and clinical characteristics, VN manifestations, electrophysiological findings (including interside amplitude ratio [IAR]), and treatment outcomes were compared among the three subsets of AAV. Then, factors influencing the treatment outcomes were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 62.1%(18/29) of EGPA, 8.3%(15/180) of GPA, and 13.1%(58/443) of MPA patients. The age at onset and examination was higher in patients with MPA than those with EGPA or GPA (P<0.01). The occurrence of VN was later in patients with GPA than those with EGPA (P<0.01), and the GPA group had fewer affected nerves than the other two groups (P<0.016). The abnormal IARs of motor nerves in lower limbs were more detected in the EGPA than the MPA group (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis suggested that higher Birmingham vasculitis activity score-version 3 (BVAS-V3) (OR=6.85, 95%CI 1.33-35.30) was associated with better treatment outcomes of VN. However, central nervous system involvement was a risk factor for poor treatment outcomes (OR=0.13, 95%CI 0.02-0.89). Conclusions: The clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of VN were slightly different among subsets of AAV. Patients with GPA often presented with polyneuropathy and had fewer nerves affected; mononeuritis multiplex was more common in EGPA than GPA and MPA. Higher BVAS-V3 and central nervous system involvement might predict the treatment outcome of VN.

Factors associated with perceived Anaplasma marginale infection and clinical anaplasmosis cases on beef operations in California.

Bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by Anaplasma marginale in the United States. The objective of this study was to use a survey tool to generate information for beef operations in California on anaplasmosis prevention and control management, including to what extent management activities were informed by perceived herd-level exposure to A. marginale infection or occurrence of clinical anaplasmosis cases. We mailed 2,621 questionnaires with questions on Anaplasma status, herd demographics, anaplasmosis control and prevention measures, and environmental factors to beef ranchers in California in October 2020. Survey-weighted chi-square tests were used to compare management differences according to perceived Anaplasma infection status. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to analyze whether region of California, management practices, or environmental factors were associated with reported clinical cases of anaplasmosis in the previous five years. A total of 466 questionnaires describing 749 herds were obtained and used in this study. Use of management measures, including deliberate exposure of calves to ticks, vaccination for Anaplasma, infection control through antibiotics in feed, maintaining a completely closed herd, blood testing for Anaplasma on all herd additions, and taking no anaplasmosis control and prevention measures, were significantly different between herds with or without perceived A. marginale infection based on producers' self-declared status. The overall perceived prevalence for Anaplasma infection and reported clinical cases of anaplasmosis at the herd level was 26.0 % (95 % CI: 24.3-27.7 %) and 17.1 % (95 % CI: 15.6-18.6 %) respectively, with the highest perceived infection and case numbers reported in the Central Coast region. In the GEE model, higher odds of reporting clinical cases of anaplasmosis in the previous five years were observed in cattle located in the Central Coast region, cattle within a large herd, cattle that are treated with tick/fly control, cattle in a completely closed herd, and cattle receiving Anaplasma vaccine. Anaplasma infection and bovine anaplasmosis status may be underestimated in beef herds in California based on previous study results. Changing needles between cattle after injections and conducting blood testing for Anaplasma on herd additions are important Anaplasma management measures that are infrequently implemented in beef herds in California. The results show a need for producer education to improve producers' awareness of bovine anaplasmosis and implement proper measures for disease control and prevention.

[The diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in children with community-acquired pneumonia].

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: In the cross-sectional study, a total of 422 children with CAP who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, from February 2021 to August 2022 and completed lung ultrasound examination within 48 hours after admission were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, lung ultrasound and chest CT were collected. The patients were divided into two groups according to the signs of pneumonia indicated by chest CT, and the signs of lung ultrasound with diagnostic value were screened according to the signs of pneumonia indicated by chest CT by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression. According to severity of the disease, the children were divided into the severe group and the mild group, and the differences of lung ultrasound signs between the two groups were compared. Kruskal-Wallis test, Fisher's exact test was selected for comparison between groups. Random forest classifier wes used to evaluate the value of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of CAP and prediction of severe pneumonia in children. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prediction effect. Use DeLong test to compare the area under the curve. Results: Among the 422 cases of CAP, there were 258 males and 164 females, and the age of onset was 2.8 (1.3, 4.3) years. The confluent B-line, consolidation and pleural effusion detected by lung ultrasound were 309 cases (73.2%), 232 cases (55.0%) and 16 cases (3.8%), respectively, and the size of consolidation was 3.0 (0, 11.0) mm. One hundred and ten children (26.1%) with CAP completed chest CT. There were 90 cases with signs of pneumonia in chest CT and 20 cases without signs of pneumonia. Lasso was used for feature selection.Lung consolidation (OR=2.46), bilateral lung consolidation (OR=1.16) and confluent B-line (OR=1.34) were the main index. With random forest classifier, the accuracy of models using full variables and Lasso-selected variables were 0.79 (95%CI 0.70-0.86) and 0.79 (95%CI 0.70-0.86), the sensitivity were 0.81 and 0.81, and the specificity were 0.75 and 0.70, and the area under curve were 0.87 (95%CI 0.81-0.94, P<0.001) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.76-0.91, P<0.001), respectively. There were 97 cases in severe group and 325 cases in mild group. Compared with the mild group, the detection rate of consolidation, multiple consolidation, the size of consolidation and the size of consolidation was adjusted by body surface area (consolidation size/body surface area) in severe group were higher (66 cases (68.0%) vs. 166 cases (51.1%), 42 cases (43.3%) vs. 93 cases (28.6%), 8.0 (0, 17.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 9.0) mm, 12.5 (0, 24.6) vs. 2.1 (0, 17.6), χ2=8.59, 9.98, Z=14.40, 12.79, all P<0.05). Using lung ultrasound lung consolidation size and consolidation size/body surface area to predict the severe CAP, the optimal cut-off value were 6.7 mm and 10.2, the accuracy was 0.80 (95%CI 0.75-0.83) and 0.89 (95%CI 0.86-0.92), the sensitivity was 0.99 and 0.99, the specificity was 0.14 and 0.56, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.66 (95%CI 0.60-0.72, P<0.001) and 0.76 (95%CI 0.70-0.83, P<0.001), respectively. The area under the curve of consolidation size/body surface area was higher than that of consolidation size (Z=5.50, P<0.001). Conclusions: Consolidation and confluent B-line, are important index for lung ultrasound diagnosis of CAP in children. The actual consolidation size adjusted by body surface area is superior to the size of consolidation in predicting severe CAP.

[Analyses of the risk factors for the progression of primary antiphospholipid syndrome to systemic lupus erythematosus].

Objectives: Analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) progressing to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Explore the risk factors for the progression from PAPS to SLE. Methods: The clinical data of 262 patients with PAPS enrolled in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from February 2005 to September 2021 were evaluated. Assessments included demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests (serum levels of complement, anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies), treatment, and outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of SLE in patients with PAPS. Univariate Cox regression analysis was employed to identify the risk factors for PAPS progressing to SLE. Results: Among 262 patients with PAPS, 249 had PAPS (PAPS group) and 13 progressed to SLE (5.0%) (PAPS-SLE group). Univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that cardiac valve disease (HR=6.360), positive anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (HR=7.203), low level of complement C3 (HR=25.715), and low level of complement C4 (HR=10.466) were risk factors for the progression of PAPS to SLE, whereas arterial thrombotic events (HR=0.109) were protective factors (P<0.05 for all). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the prevalence of SLE in patients suffering from PAPS with a disease course>10 years was 9%-15%. Hydroxychloroquine treatment had no effect on the occurrence of SLE in patients with PAPS (HR=0.753, 95%CI 0.231-2.450, P=0.638). Patients with≥2 risk factors had a significantly higher prevalence of SLE compared with those with no or one risk factor (13-year cumulative prevalence of SLE 48.7% vs. 0 vs. 6.2%, P<0.001 for both). Conclusions: PAPS may progress to SLE in some patients. Early onset, cardiac-valve disease, positive anti-dsDNA antibody, and low levels of complement are risk factors for the progression of PAPS to SLE (especially in patients with≥2 risk factors). Whether application of hydroxychloroquine can delay this transition has yet to be demonstrated.

The therapeutic effect of decitabine combined with HAG in acute myeloid leukemia: a retrospective case-control analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Explore the efficacy of decitabine combined with homoharringtonine + cytarabine + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (HAG) in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 125 patients with AML was done. Of them, 61 patients received a simple HAG treatment (HAG group), and 64 received decitabine combined with an HAG regimen (combined group). Treatment efficacy, immune function before and after the treatment, levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The total response rate of the combined group (84.38%) was higher than that of the HAG group (65.63%) (p < 0.05). After the treatment, levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in both groups increased and were significantly higher in the combined group compared to the HAG group. Levels of CD8+, bFGF and VEGF decreased compared to pre-treatment levels and were significantly lower in the combined group than in the HAG group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to HAG treatment alone, the combination of decitabine and HAG in the treatment of AML is safe, can significantly improve the immune function of the patients, regulate bFGF and VEGF levels, and improve overall treatment efficacy.

Clinical effectiveness of fluorouracil and cisplatin intraperitoneal perfusion combined with intravenous chemotherapy for peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, often accompanied by peritoneal metastasis. This work aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of intraperitoneal perfusion of fluorouracil and cisplatin combined with intravenous chemotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis in GC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 286 patients with primary GC admitted to the hospital from March 2017 to December 2020 were recruited in the study. A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted, with the normal control (NC) group and experimental (E) group being composed of patients who underwent the corresponding treatment for primary GC with surgery within 2 months and the same pathological tumor-node-metastasis (pTNM) stage. The NC group consisted of 143 patients receiving only intravenous chemotherapy, while the E group consisted of 143 patients receiving intraperitoneal perfusion of fluorouracil and cisplatin combined with intravenous chemotherapy. Baseline characteristics, clinical efficacy, complications, peritoneal recurrence and metastasis, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) of the patients, as well as their quality of life (QoL) after chemotherapy, were compared between groups. RESULTS: After six cycles of chemotherapy, DFS was observed in both groups (70% vs. 59%; 48% vs. 29.7%; p<0.05), so did OS (85.7% vs. 85.4%; 73.1% vs. 69.3%; p>0.05). The total effective rate of treatment in the E group (46.15%) was drastically superior to that in the NC group (27.97%), and the total recurrence and metastasis rate of the E group (23.08%) was markedly inferior to that of the NC group (83.9%) (p<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in the E group (11.89%) was considerably inferior to that in the NC group (35.66%) (p<0.05). In addition, the E group had markedly superior scores for physical function (PF), emotional function (EF), role function (RF), social function (SF), and cognitive function (CF) than the NC group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal perfusion of fluorouracil and cisplatin combined with intravenous chemotherapy for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis in GC had certain benefits for patients and is worth applying in clinical practice.

[Clinicopathological characteristics and key therapeutic options for liver involvement with vasculitis].

Vasculitis, involving any levels of vessels throughout the body, has variable nonspecific clinical presentation and complicated classification, hence, the diagnose is difficult. The liver is not the major organ involved, so it is prone to overlook vasculitis-associated liver injuries. The main manifestations of vasculitis involving the liver include abnormal liver biochemistry test (mainly increase of cholestatic liver enzymes), portal hypertension, and hepatic occupying lesions. Treatment principles are primarily directed at systemic immunosuppressive therapy for vasculitis. This review summarized the classification of vasculitis, major presentations of liver involvement in vasculitis, and the principles of treatment, to improve the awareness of the rare vascular diseases.

A versatile control program for positioning and shooting targets in laser-plasma experiments.

We introduce a LabVIEW-based control program that significantly improves the efficiency and flexibility in positioning and shooting solid targets in laser-plasma experiments. The hardware driven by this program incorporates a target positioning subsystem and an imaging subsystem, which enables us to install up to 400 targets for one experimental campaign and precisely adjust them in six freedom degrees. The overall architecture and the working modes of the control program are demonstrated in detail. In addition, we characterized the distributions of target positions of every target holder and simultaneously saved the target images, resulting in a large dataset that can be used to train machine learning models and develop image recognition algorithms. This versatile control system has become an indispensable platform when preparing and conducting laser-plasma experiments.

[Histopathological evaluation of cirrhosis reversal].

A normal liver can develop cirrhosis through long-term and repeated stimulation from various etiologies. Histological manifestations like the collapse of hepatic lobular structure (including microvascular structure) and the formation of pseudolobules can lead to portal hypertension and even decompensated cirrhosis. More and more evidence suggests that effective etiological treatment can not only delay but also reverse the progression of cirrhosis. The mechanism of cirrhosis reversal mainly includes the degradation of extracellular matrix, hepatocyte regeneration, and hepatic lobular remodeling. The "gold standard" for the evaluation of cirrhosis reversal at present is still a liver biopsy. Therefore, the histopathological evaluation of cirrhosis reversal is very important for determining the disease's prognosis, efficacy, and mechanism of exploration.

Characterization of pyroptosis-related genes in esophageal cancer and construction of a prognostic model.

OBJECTIVE: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a highly malignant digestive system tumor that often lacks evident early symptoms and has a poor prognosis. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to be associated with the occurrence and progression of many malignancies. However, its role in esophageal cancer remains unclear. This work aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in EC using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The RNA-seq data from 171 esophageal samples in the TCGA database were employed. Differential expression genes (DEGs) between tumor and non-tumor samples were compared. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were performed using the "clusterProfiler" package in R. Furthermore, based on the DEGs, all esophageal cancer cases were classified into three subtypes. A risk model for gene features was established using the LASSO regression method, and EC patients in the TCGA cohort were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. RESULTS: A total of 614 PRGs were identified. Among them, 32 DEGs (31 upregulated and 1 downregulated) were found between normal esophageal tissue and EC tissue. PPI analysis identified key genes including IL-1ß, CASP1, AIM2, HMGB1, GSDMD, PYCARD, IL-18, BAK1, and TP53. On the other hand, the low-risk group exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than the high-risk group (p < 0.001). Combined with the clinical characteristics of the TCGA cohort, it was found that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) prediction in EC patients. KEGG and GO analyses revealed the enrichment of genes associated with cell proliferation in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: PRGs play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of EC and can be used to predict the prognosis of EC patients.

[Different treatment strategies in patients with HBeAg-positive and negative chronic hepatitis B].

Patients with HBeAg-positive and negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have different immunological states and disease progression. Hence, the previously recommended antiviral therapy strategies for the two are different. In recent years, the antiviral indications have gradually eased, and the treatment goal has began to pursue clinical cure, as experts and scholars have gradually attached importance to the potential risk of disease progression in hepatitis B patients. Antiviral treatment strategies are gradually becoming uniform for patients with HBeAg-positive and negative. However, among them, HBeAg-negative patients can be combined with HBsAg quantification and other indicators to further screen the clinically cured dominant population in order to formulate the next treatment strategy.

[Opportunities and prospects for sports medicine in China].

Over the past decades, Chinese sports medicine has made remarkable progress, successfully establishing its status as a discipline and embracing unprecedented development opportunities. In the foreseeable future, "sports for health promotion", in addition to already fast development of "sports injury treatment" and "sports rehabilitation", will become the third vital advancing directions of sports medicine in China. The popularization and application of exercise prescription will become an effective and reliable approach to fulfill sports for health promotion. "Function first, early rehabilitation, return to sports" is the principle of treatment and discipline tenet that will lead the sports injury treatment and rehabilitation to achieve great breakthrough in many fields of sports medicine. With the opportunities and challenges, how to consistently identify and follow the right development path in line with our national circumstances requires the determination, perseverance, courage and wisdom of all Chinese sports medicine practitioners.

[Efficiency and safety analysis of Plerixafor combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma].

Objective: To evaluate the advantages and safety of Plerixafor in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization of lymphoma. Methods: Lymphoma patients who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone were obtained. The clinical data, the success rate of stem cell collection, hematopoietic reconstitution, and treatment-related adverse reactions between the two groups were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 184 lymphoma patients were included in this analysis, including 115 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (62.5%) , 16 cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (8.7%) , 11 cases of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6.0%) , 10 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (5.4%) , 6 cases of mantle cell lymphoma (3.3%) , and 6 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 6 cases of NK/T-cell lymphoma (3.3%) , 4 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma (2.2%) , 8 cases of other types of B-cell lymphoma (4.3%) , and 2 cases of other types of T-cell lymphoma (1.1%) ; 31 patients had received radiotherapy (16.8%) . The patients in the two groups were recruited with Plerixafor in combination with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. The baseline clinical characteristics of the two groups were basically similar. The patients in the Plerixafor in combination with the G-CSF mobilization group were older, and the number of recurrences and third-line chemotherapy was higher. 100 patients were mobilized with G-CSF alone. The success rate of the collection was 74.0% for one day and 89.0% for two days. 84 patients in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were recruited successfully with 85.7% for one day and 97.6% for two days. The success rate of mobilization in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was substantially higher than that in the group of G-CSF alone (P=0.023) . The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the mobilization group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was 3.9×10(6)/kg. The median number of CD34(+) cells obtained in the G-CSF Mobilization group alone was 3.2×10(6)/kg. The number of CD34(+) cells collected by Plerixafor combined with G-CSF was considerably higher than that in G-CSF alone (P=0.001) . The prevalent adverse reactions in the group of Plerixafor combined with G-CSF were grade 1-2 gastrointestinal reactions (31.2%) and local skin redness (2.4%) . Conclusion: The success rate of autologous hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in lymphoma patients treated with Plerixafor combined with G-CSF is significantly high. The success rate of collection and the absolute count of CD34(+) stem cells were substantially higher than those in the group treated with G-CSF alone. Even in older patients, second-line collection, recurrence, or multiple chemotherapies, the combined mobilization method also has a high success rate of mobilization.

[Epidemiological investigation on the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-Tech Zone caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant].

This study collected epidemic data of COVID-19 in Zhengzhou from January 1 to January 20 in 2022. The epidemiological characteristics of the local epidemic in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant were analyzed through epidemiological survey and big data analysis, which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the Delta variant. In detail, a total of 276 close contacts and 599 secondary close contacts were found in this study. The attack rate of close contacts and secondary close contacts was 5.43% (15/276) and 0.17% (1/599), respectively. There were 10 confirmed cases associated with the chain of transmission. Among them, the attack rates in close contacts of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth generation cases were 20.00% (5/25), 17.86% (5/28), 0.72% (1/139) and 14.81% (4/27), 0 (0/57), respectively. The attack rates in close contacts after sharing rooms/beds, having meals, having neighbor contacts, sharing vehicles with the patients, having same space contacts, and having work contacts were 26.67%, 9.10%, 8.33%, 4.55%, 1.43%, and 0 respectively. Collectively, the local epidemic situation in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone has an obvious family cluster. Prevention and control work should focus on decreasing family clusters of cases and community transmission.

[The efficacy and safety of nerve loop blocking in the treatment of blepharospasm in Meige syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nerve loop blocking in the treatment of blepharospasm caused by Meige syndrome. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Patients with Meige syndrome characterized by blepharospasm or blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia who underwent nerve loop blocking in the Ophthalmology Department of Henan No. 3 Provincial People's Hospital from April 2018 to January 2020 were included. Before and after surgery, blepharospasm was graded, and the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) was used to score the symptoms of ocular and oral dystonia. The improvement rate of ocular spasm was calculated after surgery according to the scores. The postoperative complications were observed. The Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the BFMDRS movement subscale scores before and after surgery. The independent sample Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the improvement rates of eye spasm between male and female patients and between patients with and without combined oromandibular dystonia. Results: Among the 199 patients included, 64 (32.2%) were males, and 135 (67.8%) were females, aged 58 (51, 64) years (22-79 years). The postoperative follow-up period was 24 (21, 28) months. Preoperatively, blepharospasm was graded as grade 3 in 12 patients (6.0%) and grade 4 in 187 patients (94.0%), while the postoperative blepharospasm grades were grade 0 in 100 patients (50.3%), grade 1 in 64 patients (32.2%), grade 2 in 31 patients (15.6%), and grade 3 in 4 patients (2.0%). There was statistically significant difference in the BFMDRS scores of ocular dystonia before and after surgery [8.0 (8.0, 8.0) vs. 0.0 (0.0, 1.0); Z=-12.41, P<0.001]. The improvement rate of blepharospasm in all patients was 100% (87.5%, 100%), ranging from 43.8% to 100%, with no statistically significant difference between patients of different genders and between patients with and without combined oral dystonia (both P>0.05). Statistically significant difference existed in the scores of oral dystonia before and after surgery [2.0 (0.5, 4.5) vs. 1.0 (0.5, 2.0); Z=-4.38, P<0.001], with 25 of 65 patients (38.5%) having their oral symptoms improved. Postoperative complications included eyelid valgus (7.5%, 15/199), frontal numbness (100%, 199/199) and tearing (89.9%, 179/199). Conclusion: Nerve loop blocking is a relatively safe and effective method in the treatment of blepharospasm symptoms of Meige syndrome.

[Progress in research and development of soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting and its supporting equipment].

As a cutting-edge technology of tissue engineering, three-dimensional bioprinting can accurately fabricate biomimetic tissue, which has made great progress in the field of hard tissue printing such as bones and teeth. Meanwhile, the research on soft tissue bioprinting is also developing rapidly. This article mainly discussed the development progress in various bioprinting technologies and supporting equipment including printing software, printing hardware, supporting consumables, and bioreactors for soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting, and made a prospect for the future research and development direction of soft tissue three-dimensional bioprinting.

[Research progress on the treatment of presbyopia].

Presbyopia is a physiological aging situation that the plasticity and elasticity of the lens and the function of the ciliary muscle become weaker, resulting in a decreased accommodation and inability to focus on near objects. Nowadays, there are many clinical strategies to correct presbyopia, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, however, there is no true sense of way to restore accommodation function. This article reviews both worldwide and domestic research on presbyopia, and analyzes and summaries the status quo as well as research progress of presbyopia correction modalities, surgical approaches, and drug therapies, hoping to provide a reference for clinical works.

[Epidemiological characteristics of two local COVID-19 outbreaks caused by 2019-nCoV Omicron variant in Guangzhou, China].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of two local COVID-19 outbreaks caused by 2019-nCoV Omicron variant in Guangzhou, such as incubation period, serial interval, basic reproductive number (R0) and the influence of gathering places on R0, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of Omicron variant infection. Methods: The data of daily confirmed cases of Omicron variant infection from April 8 to May 8, 2022 in two COVID-19 outbreaks in Guangzhou were collected for model fitting. Weibull, Gamma and lognormal distribution were used to estimate incubation period and serial interval. Exponential growth method and the maximum likelihood estimation were used to estimate R0. Results: The median of incubation period was 2.94 (95%CI: 2.52-3.38) days and median of serial interval was 3.32 (95%CI: 2.89-3.81) days. The estimated R0 in small-size place was 4.40 (95%CI: 3.95-4.85), while the estimated R0 at airport was 11.35 (95%CI: 11.02-11.67). Conclusion: The incubation period of Omicron variant in two local COVID-19 outbreaks in Guangzhou is significantly shorter than that of delta variant. The higher the gathering degree in a place, the larger the R0. Due to its rapid transmission, COVID-19 epidemic is prone to occur. Therefore, the COVID-19 prevention and control strategy should be dynamically adjusted in time.