[Changes of the spectrum on thyroid disease after the ten-year implementation of universal salt iodization in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region].

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the relationship between iodine nutrition and the change of spectrum on thyroid diseases through comparing the different iodine environments pre- and post- the universal salt iodization(USI)campaign. METHODS: To compare the urinary iodine concentration between 1000 normal people and 5998 patients with thyroid disease who had undergone surgical operations, from 4 major cities, including iodine deficient and rich areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. RESULTS: After USI was put into practice, the urinary iodine concentration of patients with thyroid appeared higher than those of normal people(324.3 µg/L vs. 238.5 µg/L, P < 0.05). The urinary iodine concentrations of nodular goiter,Graves disease, toxic nodular goiter, thyroid papillary carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were higher than those before the USI was taken(263.8 µg/L vs. 69.75 µg/L, 289.7 µg/L vs. 228.3 µg/L, 346.8 µg/L vs. 268.4 µg/L, 350.3 µg/L vs. 316.2 µg/L and 378.5 µg/L vs. 305.8 µg/L). The proportions of toxic nodular goiter, thyroid papillary carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis appeared as 7.59% vs. 4.80%, 5.85% vs. 4.02% and 3.88% vs. 2.46%, all higher than those before the implementation of USI, except the nodular goiter which showed a reduction (63.56% vs. 69.75%). CONCLUSION: The spectrum of thyroid diseases appeared an obvious change in Guangxi within the last 10-year implementation of USI. However, the excessive intake of iodine might serve as a risk factor for toxic nodular goiter, thyroid papillary carcinoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

[The detection of sera S100B and NO of patients with brain injury].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of sera S100B and NO and their significance of patients with brain injury. METHOD: We detected sera S100B and NO level of 30 healthy persons and 108 cases with brain injury by ELISA and method. RESULTS: The sera S100B level of patient group was increased after 12 h brain injury,and sera NO concentrations of serve type were significantly high than control group, P < 0.01. NO concentrations of serve type, middle type and minor type were significantly high than control group, middle type and minor type group. P < 0.05, However, sera NO level of middle type and minor type group of brain injury had no significance than control group, P > 0.05. CONCLUSION: Sera S100B examinations can be indices as diagnosis of early brain injury.

[Expression of COX-2 protein in colorectal carcinoma and the clinical implication].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between COX-2 expression and the clinicopathological factors in colorectal carcinoma and assess the prognostic value of COX-2 detection. METHODS: Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry by SABC method was employed for detecting COX-2 expression in 126 patients with advanced colorectal cancer, and the relationship of COX-2 expression with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of the patients was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The patients were divided into two groups of low and high COX-2 groups according to the grade and extent of COX-2 expression. High COX-2 expression was detected in 32 (25.4%) cases, and low expression in 94 (74.6%) cases. No significant correlation was noted between COX-2 expression and the patients' age, sex, tumor size, tumor location, histological type, lymphatic-node metastasis and Dukes' classification, but high COX-2 expression was strongly correlated with tumor recurrence and especially with blood-borne metastasis (P<0.05). The survival rate without tumor recurrence for high- and low-COX-2 groups was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test, which revealed significant difference between the two groups (P=0.0067). Multivariate analysis for all patients suggested that among the 8 prognostic factors (age, sex, tumor size, tumor location, histological type, lymphatic-node metastasis, Dukes' stage, and COX-2 expression), Dukes' stage and COX-2 expression was the independent significant factor related to disease-free survival. CONCLUSION: The expression of COX-2 is strongly correlated with recurrence of colorectal cancer, especially with blood-borne metastasis. COX-2 is an independent factor for prognostic evaluation of the patients, and tissue microarray allows rapid, convenient, economic and accurate COX-2 detection for large-scale application.

Anomalous IR properties of nanostructured films created by square wave potential on an array of Pt microelectrodes: an in situ microscope FTIRS study of CO adsorption.

Thin films of different nanostructures on an array of nine Pt microelectrodes were prepared by applying a square wave potential treatment for different times (tau). It has been measured from the cyclic voltammetric studies that the relative surface roughness of the films was increased slightly and reached a maximal value of about 2.5. SEM studies demonstrated that with the increase of tau, the growth of island-shaped Pt crystallites on the films led to the formation of plumelike crystallites that can reach about 2-3.5 microm in length when tau exceeded 70 min. In situ microscope FTIR reflection spectroscopic studies illuminated that CO adsorbed on the array yielded different anomalous IR features. With the increase of tau, the direction of the CO L band (linearly bonded CO) was transformed from the negative-going direction (normal IR adsorption) to bipolar (Fano-like spectral line shape) and finally to the positive-going direction (abnormal IR adsorption). The intensity of the CO L band was enhanced significantly and a maximal enhancement factor of about 33 was measured when tau was 40 min; the center of the CO L band and the Stark tuning rate also showed regular changes. This study demonstrated that specific nanostructures of Pt thin films can be prepared through a square wave potential treatment for different times and revealed the intrinsic relationship between anomalous IR properties and surface nanostructures of the thin films.

Abnormal IR effects of Pt nanostructured surfaces upon CO chemisorption due to interaction and electron-hole damping.

The abnormal IR effects (AIREs) characterized by a positive-going peak of platinum (Pt) nanostructured surface generated in a square-wave potential treatment upon CO molecule chemisorption was observed and analyzed with a consideration of the interparticle interaction and electron-hole damping between nanoislands and CO molecules. A theoretical simulation shows that the islanded nanostructured Pt surfaces, which gives rise to interparticle interaction, coupling with electron-hole mechanism, may contribute to the origins of positive-going peak (AIREs) observed by in situ Fourier transformation IR (FTIR) experiments.

[Solid/liquid interfacial in situ IR microscope and step-scan time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy and applications in studies of nanomaterials].

Electrochemical in situ microscope IR reflection spectroscopy and step-scan time-resolved FTIR reflection spectroscopy were established by using an IR-plan advantage microscope and a Nexus 870 FTIR instrument, and a home-made signal synchronizer that harmonizes electrode polarization potential and step-scan spectral data collection sequence. These new techniques have been applied in studies of particular IR properties of 2-dimensional nanomaterials. By applying a treatment of fast potential cycling with different time (tau), a set of nanostructured Pt microelectrodes were prepared. CO adsorption was employed as a probe reaction together with in situ developed microscope FTIR spectroscopy. The results illustrated the variation of abnormal IR features with the nanostructure and the thickness (i.e., the size) of film formed on Pt microelectrode, i.e., following the increase of tau in fast potential cycling treatment, the direction of CO band was turned from absorption to antiabsorption direction, and the intensity and the width of CO band were increased. By taking the advantage of the abnormal infrared effects of nanostructured Pt microelectrode, the sensitivity of in situ IR reflection spectroscopy has been significantly improved, and spectra of time-resolution as fast as 50 micros have been recorded at solid/liquid interfaces. The current studies demonstrated not only the success of development of new techniques of in situ IR spectroscopy, but also the exploitation of the established techniques in studies of nanomaterials.