Ten-year observation of corneal densitometry and associated factors following small incision lenticule extraction.

AIM: To investigate the long-term changes of corneal densitometry (CD) and its contributing elements after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). METHODS: Totally 31 eyes of 31 patients with mean spherical equivalent of -6.46±1.50 D and mean age 28.23±7.38y were enrolled. Full-scale examinations were conducted on all patients preoperatively and during follow-up. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, axial length, corneal thickness, corneal higher-order aberrations, and CD were evaluated. RESULTS: All surgeries were completed successfully without complications or adverse events. Ten-year safety index was 1.17±0.20 and efficacy 1.04±0.28. CD value of 0-6 mm zones in central layer was statistically significantly lower 10y postoperatively, compared with preoperative values (0-2 mmΔ=-1.62, 2-6 mmΔ=-1.24, P<0.01). There were no correlations between CD values and factors evaluated. CONCLUSION: SMILE is a safe and efficient procedure for myopia on a long-term basis. CD values get lower 10y postoperatively, whose mechanism is to be further discussed.

Cochlear implantation in patients with Streptococcus suis meningitis: clinical characteristics and postoperative evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Hearing loss is a common sequala of Streptococcus suis (S. suis) meningitis, but few have addressed cochlear implantation (CI) candidates with S. suis meningitis. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical characteristics and CI postoperative outcomes in S. suis meningitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight S. suis meningitis patients underwent CI at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital between 2020 and 2023. Control groups included (1) non-Suis meningitis patients (n = 12) and (2) non-meningitis patients (n = 35). Electrode impedances and neural response telemetry (NRT) thresholds were recorded at one month after surgery. The auditory performance-II (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) were recorded at the last visit. RESULTS: CAP scores of S. suis meningitis patients were significantly lower than those of non-Suis meningitis and non-meningitis patients (p = .019; p<.001). And NRT thresholds of S. suis meningitis patients were higher than those of non-Suis meningitis and non-meningitis patients (p = .006; p = .027). CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: It is recommended for S. suis meningitis CI candidates to undergo CI promptly after controlling infection, preferably within four to six weeks. CI users with S. suis meningitis tend to exhibit suboptimal hearing rehabilitation outcomes, possibly associated with the more severe damage on spiral ganglion cells after S. suis meningitis.

Characterization the corneal transparency profile in SMILE-treated myopic patients with densitometry: A 7-year cohort study.

PURPOSE: To investigate 7-year changes in corneal densitometry (CD) and its influencing factors following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for moderate to high myopia. METHODS: A total of 32 patients (52 eyes) with a mean spherical equivalent (SE) refraction of -6.30 ± 1.30 D who underwent SMILE were recruited for this prospective study. Pre- and postoperative CD and corneal aberrations were measured by an oculus Pentacam system, and patients were followed up to 7 years. The CD evolution over time and its influencing factors were explored. RESULTS: No complications were observed after SMILE. There was a significant time effect on postoperative CD ( P < 0.05). The CD values at the 0-to-2 and 2-to-6 mm of the anterior layer increased at the first day ( P < 0.05) and declined to baselines at 1 year postoperatively; after that, CD values at any zone and any corneal layer presented a decreasing trend over time (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative CD was positively correlated with age and optical zone (OZ), whereas negatively correlated with SE, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and corneal aberrations (higher-order aberrations, Coma0 and Coma90) (all P < 0.05). Generalized estimating equation revealed that age, SE, CDVA, OZ, and Coma0 were the main factors influencing postoperative CD values (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CD manifested a long-term decreasing trend in moderate to high myopia treated with SMILE. Its main influencing factors are age, SE, CDVA, OZ, and Coma0.

Ten-year outcomes following small incision lenticule extraction for up to -10Dioptres myopia.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: More than 6 million small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) procedures have been performed worldwide since 2011. Therefore, its long-term safety and efficacy should be investigated. BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate 10-year refractive outcomes, corneal stability, axial length, and wavefront aberrations in patients who underwent SMILE to correct myopia. METHODS: Thirty two patients (32 eyes) who underwent SMILE-based myopic correction. Corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corneal stability, axial length, and wavefront aberrations were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 month and 1, 5, and 10 years postoperatively. RESULTS: At 10 years postoperatively, the safety and efficacy indices for the patients included in this study were 1.19 ± 0.21 and 1.04 ± 0.27, respectively. For 26 (81%) and 30 eyes (94%), correction to within ±0.50 D and ±1.00 D of the target was achieved, respectively. Over the 10-year follow-up duration, a mean -0.32 ± 0.56 D regression was observed (-0.03 ± 0.06 D/year). Relative to baseline, horizontal and vertical comas significantly increased, as did the incidence of higher-order aberrations (all P < 0.001), whereas axial length and corneal elevation remained stable during follow-up. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the SMILE-based correction for myopia of up to -10 Dioptres is safe, effective, and stable, with relatively constant wavefront aberrations and corneal stability over time after treatment.

Relative peripheral refraction in myopic children wearing orthokeratology lenses using a novel multispectral refraction topographer.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Orthokeratology (OK) lens is commonly used to control myopia progression of children. Understanding the relationship between relative peripheral refraction (RPR) and the growth rate of axial length (AL) may assist in explaining myopic progression. BACKGROUND: The aim of this work is to investigate the RPR in myopic children wearing OK lenses, and to evaluate its relationship with the growth rate of AL. METHODS: RPRs of 31 children wearing OK lenses and 31 children wearing single-vision glasses were measured with multispectral refraction topography (MRT). MRT shows the total RPR (TRPR), RPR in the superior area (RPR-S), RPR in the inferior area (RPR-I), RPR in the temporal area (RPR-T) and RPR in the nasal area (RPR-N), respectively. It also shows RPR in the visual field of 15° (RPR-15), 30° (RPR-30) and 45° (RPR-45), respectively. RPRs in the visual field from 15° to 30°, 30° to 45° and 15° to 45° are recorded as RPR-(30-15), RPR-(45-30) and RPR-(45-15), respectively. According to the growth rate of AL, children wearing OK lenses were further divided into slow and fast growth groups. RESULTS: TRPR, RPR-I, RPR-T, RPR-N, RPR-15, RPR-30, RPR-45, RPR-(30-15), RPR-(45-30), and RPR-(45-15) of children in the OK lens group were significantly smaller than in the control group (all P < 0.05). TRPR, RPR-N, RPR-15, RPR-30, RPR-45, RPR-(30-15), and RPR-(45-15) of the slow growth group were significantly smaller than in the fast growth group (all P < 0.05). The growth rate of AL were positively correlated with TRPR (R = 0.383, P = 0.040), RPR-N (R = 0.395, P = 0.034), RPR-30 (R = 0.408, P = 0.028), RPR-45 (R = 0.377, P = 0.044), RPR-(30-15) (R = 0.390, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: RPRs of children show relative myopic defocus after wearing OK lenses. Furthermore, the growth rate of AL is smaller with more negative RPR.

Effect of incision location on with-the-rule astigmatism correction after SMILE.

PURPOSE: To explore the influence of two different incision positions of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) on astigmatism correction. METHODS: A total of 86 eyes of 86 patients who underwent SMILE surgery were included in this retrospective study. The criteria included that the preoperative astigmatism axis to be within 165° to 180° or 5° to 15°. All eyes were divided into two groups according to the incision position. The incisions of 34 eyes were either located on the superior temporal side of the right eye or superior nasal side of the left eye (120° group), and 52 eyes were located on the superior side (90° group). Vector analysis was used to analyze pre- and postoperative 3-month astigmatism, while subgroup analysis was applied according to the preoperative astigmatism. RESULTS: No significant difference of preoperative parameters was found between the two groups (P > 0.05). The efficacy and safety indexes were 1.11 ± 0.16 and 1.15 ± 0.16 in the 120° group, the numbers were 1.15 ± 0.17 and 1.16 ± 0.14 in the 90° group (P = 0.629 and P = 0.871). There was no significant difference in target-induced astigmatism (TIA), TIA axis, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) magnitude, SIA axis, distance vision (DV) magnitude, DV axis, correction index (CI), angle of error (AofE), |AofE|, magnitude of error (MofE), index of success (IOS), or flattening index (FI) between 120° group and 90° group (P > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the subgroup analysis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The incision position has limited astigmatic effect, and the operation-induced astigmatism of SMILE surgery after 3 months was little.

High-Temperature Resistance of Modified Potassium Magnesium Phosphate Cement.

To study the high-temperature mechanical properties of potassium magnesium phosphate cement mortar and the high-temperature resistance of its laminates. Potassium magnesium phosphate cement (MKPC) was prepared by using heavy-burning magnesium oxide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate as the main raw materials, borax as the retarder, and compounded with a certain amount of fly ash and silica fume. The effect of the mass ratio of magnesium to phosphorus (M:P), compounded fly ash and silica fume on the setting time and mechanical properties of MKPC was investigated. Furthermore, based on the better M:P, the compressive strength of MKPC mortar was studied after 3 h of constant temperature at 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C, and the effect of fly ash and silica fume on the high-temperature resistance of MKPC was analyzed. The high-temperature resistance of MKPC was further evaluated by analyzing the temperature variation of potassium magnesium phosphate cement laminate during a constant temperature of 650 °C for 3 h. The results showed that the mechanical properties of potassium magnesium phosphate cement were influenced by different raw material ratios, and the mechanical properties of potassium magnesium phosphate cement were optimal when M:P was 2:1, fly ash was 5% and silica fume was 15%. The internal temperature of MKPC laminate increased slowly with time, and its high-temperature resistance was better.

Five-year stability of posterior corneal surface after small incision lenticule extraction for high myopia.

BACKGROUND: To study the 5-year changes in the posterior corneal surface after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for high myopia. METHODS: Eighty eyes received SMILE was included in this prospective study. They were allocated into two groups based on the spherical equivalent: high myopia (40eyes, -7.49 ± 0.70D) and moderate myopia (40eyes, -4.43 ± 0.87D). Certain points of posterior corneal elevation (the central point (PCE), thinnest point (PTE), maximal point (PME), and in various corneal areas) were evaluated using a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam; Oculus GmbH, Germany) preoperatively and at 6 months and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: All surgeries were completed uneventfully and no ectasia was developed throng the observation. The safety index and efficacy index were 1.14 and 1.03 in the high myopia group, and 1.16 and 1.06 in the moderate myopia group, respectively. Most of the calculated values in the high myopia group showed a slight increase at 6 months but decreased at 5 years. At 5 years postoperatively, the value of the PTE was significantly lower than at baseline in both groups (P ≤ 0.047); a statistical difference was also revealed in the PME in the moderate group with slight changes (10.15 ± 3.01 µm vs. 11.60 ± 4.33 µm, P = 0.002); no statistical significance was observed in other calculated values (P ≥ 0.067). Similarly, no significant linear correlation was noted between changes in all values and the residual bed thickness either (P ≥ 0.057). CONCLUSIONS: SMILE causes no protrusion in posterior corneal surface for correction of high myopia at the follow-up visit of 5 years.

Long-Term Observation of Higher-Order Aberrations and Microdistortions in Bowman's Layer After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction for the Correcting Myopia With Spherical Equivalent Higher Than -9.0 Diopters.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and microdistortions in the Bowman's layer after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for correcting extremely high myopia. Methods: This prospective study included patients with myopia with spherical equivalent ≥ -9.0 Diopters (D). SMILE was performed in forty eyes of 40 patients. Pentacam was used to evaluate HOAs before and at 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 2 years after surgery. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography was used to evaluate microdistortions at 2 years postoperatively. Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients receiving femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) were enrolled as the control group. HOAs were measured before, at 1 day and at least 1 year postoperatively. Results: After SMILE, the long-term safety and effectiveness index was 1.25 and 0.85, respectively. Microdistortions were observed in 73.5% of the eyes at 2 years, with an average number of 1.20 ± 1.22 microdistortions and an average width of 287.37 ± 259.00 µm. We detected more microdistortions in the horizontal meridian than in the vertical meridian (p = 0.035). The average number and width of microdistortions were both higher in the central region (≤4 mm) than in the peripheral region (4-8 mm) (both p < 0.001). With the exception of horizontal trefoil in the SMILE group and vertical trefoil in the FS-LASIK group, significant changes over time were observed in all other HOAs (all p < 0.05). Meanwhile, we detected significant increases in the total corneal HOA, spherical aberration (SA), and coma at all time-points after both surgeries (all p < 0.01). Compared with FS-LASIK, SMILE induced less SA (p < 0.001) and more horizontal coma (p = 0.036). In the SMILE group, the HOA, SA, and trefoil were more in the small optical zone (≤6.0 mm) than in the large optical zone (>6.0 mm) (all p < 0.05). The increase in SA and most trefoil correlated with the mean number of central microdistortions number (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: For myopia over -9.0D, the microdistortions in the Bowman's layer were still detectable in most eyes long-term after SMILE. Both SMILE and FS-LASIK induced more HOAs, mainly HOA, SA, and coma. The small optical zone and microdistortions may affect postoperative aberrations.

One-year Observation of Safety of Implantable Collamer Lens V4c Implantation Without Using an Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device.

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of the implantable collamer lens V4c (ICL V4c) implantation without using an ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD-free technique). METHODS: This prospective consecutive case study enrolled 118 eyes of 60 patients (15 eyes were of male patients, 103 eyes were of female patients, age 26.19 ± 5.03 years, spherical equivalent -10.05 ± 2.73 D). Eyes were considered for OVD-free or OVD-using ICL V4c implantation based on the maintenance of the anterior segment during the surgery. The follow-up lasted for 12 months. The main measurements were visual acuity and changes in endothelial cell density (ECD) at 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 75 eyes were included in the OVD-free group and 43 in the OVD group. No infection or other complications were observed in any eye. In the OVD-free group, the safety and efficacy indices were 1.19 ± 0.15 and 1.05 ± 0.20, respectively. 74.5% of the eyes gained one or two lines of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and 25.5% were stable. In the OVD group, the safety and efficacy indices were 1.17 ± 0.17 and 1.03 ± 0.15, respectively; 65.7% of the eyes gained one or two lines of CDVA, and 34.3% were stable. The mean change of ECD was 65.34 cell/ mm2 compared to the baseline in the OVD-free group and 25.94 cell/ mm2 compared to baseline in the OVD group (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: The ICL V4c implantation with an OVD-free technique is a safe and feasible method in eyes with good maintenance of the anterior segment.

Rapid Detection of Different Types of Soil Nitrogen Using Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging.

Rapid and accurate determination of soil nitrogen supply capacity by detecting nitrogen content plays an important role in guiding agricultural production activities. In this study, near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) combined with two spectral preprocessing algorithms, two characteristic wavelength selection algorithms and two machine learning algorithms were applied to determine the content of soil nitrogen. Two types of soils (laterite and loess, collected in 2020) and three types of nitrogen fertilizers, namely, ammonium bicarbonate (ammonium nitrogen, NH4-N), sodium nitrate (nitrate nitrogen, NO3-N) and urea (urea nitrogen, urea-N), were studied. The NIR characteristic peaks of three types of nitrogen were assigned and regression models were established. By comparing the model average performance indexes after 100 runs, the best model suitable for the detection of nitrogen in different types was obtained. For NH4-N, R2p = 0.92, RMSEP = 0.77% and RPD = 3.63; for NO3-N, R2p = 0.92, RMSEP = 0.74% and RPD = 4.17; for urea-N, R2p = 0.96, RMSEP = 0.57% and RPD = 5.24. It can therefore be concluded that HSI spectroscopy combined with multivariate models is suitable for the high-precision detection of various soil N in soils. This study provided a research basis for the development of precision agriculture in the future.

Three-Year Follow-Up of Posterior Corneal Elevation in Thin Corneas After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in posterior corneal elevation in thin corneas after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). METHODS: In this prospective study, 97 eyes of 97 patients undergoing SMILE were recruited. Eyes were categorized into the following groups based on the preoperative minimum central corneal thickness (CCT): group A (37 eyes, 480-499 µm), group B (30 eyes, 500-529 µm), and group C (30 eyes, 530-560 µm). The posterior corneal surface was measured with a Pentacam over a 3-year follow-up period. Changes in the posterior corneal elevation at the central point (PCE), thinnest point (PTE), and predetermined area were measured. RESULTS: No iatrogenic keratectasia was observed during the follow-up period. The mean changes in PCE, PTE, and the inferior area in group A were 1.14 ± 3.40 µm, -0.11 ± 3.20 µm, and -0.26 ± 1.23 µm, respectively (P ≥ 0.125). Although statistically significant change in the central-4 mm area was noted, the value was quite small (0.98 ± 1.67 µm) and was not higher than that in the other two groups (P = 0.003). For all three groups, the elevation remained stable or showed a backward change in the central annulus, while there was a small forward displacement in the 6-mm optical zone. In group A, changes in elevation values yielded negative statistical correlations with residual bed thickness and CCT (P ≤ 0.006) (except for the inferior area, the 4-mm and 6-mm optical zone). CONCLUSIONS: With a strict preoperative assessment, SMILE achieved good safety and efficacy in correcting myopia in thin corneas and enabled a stable posterior corneal surface over a 3-year follow-up period. SYNOPSIS: Careful preoperative assessment and suitable surgical design should be taken to ensure posterior corneal stability after SMILE in thin corneas.

Change in Corneal Power Distribution in Orthokeratology: A Predictor for the Change in Axial Length.

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between the change in spatial corneal power distribution and axial length (AL) elongation during orthokeratology (Ortho-k) treatment using mathematical methods. METHODS: Seventy-six subjects aged from eight to 13 years were fitted with Paragon CRT ortho-k lenses. Manifest refraction and corneal topography were checked at baseline and one day, one week, two weeks, one month, three months, six months, nine months, and one year after lens wear. AL was measured at baseline and the six-month and one-year follow-up visits. Relative corneal refractive power change (RCRPC) was calculated by a polynomial function and a monomial function. Factors including age, baseline spherical equivalent refractive error (SER), power exponent and RCRPC were tested against one-year AL growth in a stepwise multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: A total of 67 subjects completed the one-year study, with nine dropouts. The SER significantly reduced after the first month of lens wear (P < 0.001). AL significantly changed over time (P = 0.0003) with the annual growth being 0.32 ± 0.18 mm. Power exponent and RCRPC were stable throughout the follow-up visits (all P > 0.05). Change of AL was significantly correlated with baseline age (standardized ß = -0.292, P < 0.001) and power exponent (standardized ß = 0.691, P < 0.001), but not with the other factors being analyzed. The regression equation using baseline age (X1) and power exponent (X2) as functions for 1-year AL change (Y) was Y = 0.438-0.034X1 + 0.309X2, with R2 being 0.752. CONCLUSIONS: The asphericity of the treatment zone may affect axial elongation in children undergoing ortho-k therapy. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: Because the ortho-k lens design may affect myopia control effect in children undergoing ortho-k therapy, future ortho-k lenses should consider applying these designs to obtain a better myopia control effect in children.

Safety of EVO ICL Implantation With an Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device-Free Technique in the Early 24 h After Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the safety of the non-ophthalmic viscosurgical device (OVD) technique with that of the minimum OVD technique in EVO Implantable Collamer Lens (EVO-ICL) implantation. Methods: A total of 180 eyes of 90 consecutive patients were enrolled in the study, of which 100 eyes of 50 patients were treated with non-OVD technique, with a 55% success rate. The remaining 80 eyes of 40 patients were treated with min-OVD technique, so they were classified into the min-OVD group. Preoperative and postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements were collected and analyzed at 1, 2, 3, and 24 h. Visual acuity, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), and corneal densitometry 24 h postoperatively were evaluated. Results: No significant difference was found in visual outcomes (P = 0.54) or ECD (P = 0.78) between the two groups. The operation time was significantly shorter in the non-OVD group (P < 0.0001). The IOP was significantly higher at 1 h (P < 0.0001), 2 h (P < 0.0001) and 3 h (P = 0.0045) postoperatively in the min-OVD group. The non-OVD group had significantly lower IOP than the min-OVD group at 1 h (P = 0.01) and 2 h (P = 0.013) postoperatively. The temporal corneal densitometry in the non-OVD group were significantly lower than those in the minimum group (P = 0.0063) 1 day after surgery. Conclusion: The non-OVD technique is safe and efficient for ICL implantation. It can be a safer method of ICL implantation in that it completely eliminates ophthalmic viscoelastic devices related complications without causing additional complications in short term.

Antidepressant mechanism and active compounds of saffron from network pharmacology study.

Saffron has been applied in depression treatment, but its antidepressant compounds and mechanisms are unclear. In this research, a network pharmacology-based method was proposed to screen the active compounds and the potential mechanisms of saffron for depression treatment. Firstly, the chemical compounds of saffron were collected from literature and filtered by drug-like prediction. Secondly, common targets, by comparing the targets of saffron predicted by Pharm Mapper server with targets associated with depression collected from Genecards, were regarded as the antidepressant targets of saffron. Thirdly, common targets were mapped to KEGG pathways, considered as the pathways related with the antidepressant effects of saffron. Finally, the network of compounds-targets-pathways was constructed and analyzed by cytoscape 3.4.0. Ten compounds including crocetin, picrocrocin, (1R, 5S, 6R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)- 4, 4, 6-trimethyl-7-Oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-2-one and its glycoside were screened as the main antidepressant compounds, some of which were reported for the first time. They might have effective treatment for depression by acting on targets, such as MAP2K1, MAPK1, HRAS, PIK3R1, ALB and AKT1 and pathways related with immune system, signal transduction and so on. This study provided a new insight into the antidepressant mechanism and active compounds of saffron, which also had a guiding effect on later experiments.

Terahertz dual-band metamaterial absorber for trace indole-3-acetic acid and tricyclazole molecular detection based on spectral response analysis.

A terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber based on a split ring resonator (SRR) structure was used to realize the highly accurate detection of trace pesticides, including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and tricyclazole. The density functional theory (DFT) was used to analysis the THz fingerprint peaks of IAA and tricyclazole. According to the dual-band (0.918 and 1.575 THz) near-perfect absorption characteristics of the absorber in the transverse magnetic (TM) polarization state, the univariate regressions were used to analyze the responses of peak amplitude and frequency to pesticide concentrations. For IAA, the sensing response based on the peak amplitude at 1.575 THz was the best with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9627. As for tricyclazole, the best sensing response was based on the peak frequency at 1.575 THz with a R2 of 0.8742. Moreover, the detection accuracy of IAA (R2 = 0.9752) and tricyclazole (R2 = 0.9177) were significantly improved through effective variable selection and multivariate fusion. The results indicated that the limit of detection (LOD) of two pesticides both reached 10 ng/L. This study provided a good experimental basis for trace hazardous substances detection, presenting a new prospect for food quality and safety control in the future.

Seven-year observation of posterior corneal elevation after small-incision lenticule extraction in patients with moderate and high myopia.

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term changes in posterior corneal elevation in moderate and high myopia after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). SETTING: Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: 33 eyes of 20 patients (30.1 ± 9.5 years, 7 men and 13 women, spherical equivalent [SE] range -4.00 to -8.75 D, mean SE -6.25 ± 1.29 D) who underwent SMILE were included. Changes in the posterior corneal elevation at central points (PCE), the thinnest point (PTE), the maximal point (PME), and an additional 20 points within the 4 mm area of the best-fit sphere were evaluated with a Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) during a 7-year follow-up period. Mixed linear models were used to evaluate changes with P values less than 0.05. Correlations of elevation changes and residual bed thickness (RBT) were also evaluated. RESULTS: No ectasia was observed among the 33 eyes studied. The safety index was 1.08, and the efficacy index was 1.03. The mean change in PCE at 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years was -1.42 ± 0.95 µm, -2.67 ± 0.98 µm, -2.44 ± 1.06 µm, and -1.91 ± 0.92 µm, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found at 3 years, 5 years, and 7 years (P = .007, .023, and .040, respectively). PTE reduced significantly at each time point compared with baseline. The mean change was -2.82 ± 1.19 µm, -3.55 ± 1.22 µm, -3.47 ± 1.32 µm, and -2.39 ± 1.15 µm, respectively (P = .019, .004, .010, and .039, respectively). PME changed in 2.45 ± 1.02 µm at 7 years compared with baseline (P = .017). The changes in PCE and PME negatively correlated with the RBT. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term posterior corneal elevation was stable in moderate and high myopia after SMILE.

Optimization of remedial nano-agent and its effect on dominant algal species succession in eutrophic water body.

A new method for algal community restructuring is proposed, where harmful algae growth is inhibited through the addition of remedial nano-agent, while probiotic algae growth is promoted or only affected indistinctively. In this paper, the inhibiting effects of five different nanomaterials on Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) and Cyclotella sp. were studied, and the optimal nanomaterial was served as algae-inhibition ingredient of the remedial agent. The effects of the remedial agent on algal growth and their physiological characteristics were investigated, and the restructuring of algal community in actual water samples was explored. The results indicated that the inhibition ratio of 10 mg/L nm-Cu2O/SiO2 on M. aeruginosa and Cyclotella sp. could reach 293.1% and 82.8% respectively, acting as the best candidate for algae-inhibiting ingredient. After adding the remedial nano-agent made with nm-Cu2O/SiO2, the content of chlorophyll a, protein, and polysaccharides of M. aeruginosa decreased sharply, while the physiological characteristics of Cyclotella sp. were not significantly affected. Besides, the total biomass and proportion of cyanobacteria dropped (P < 0.05), but the Bacillariophyta biomass increased significantly (P < 0.05). The uniformity index, Shannon-Wiener index, and richness index all increased significantly (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the quality of actual water samples has been improved evidently (P < 0.001). Therefore, the prepared remedial nano-agent in this study can control the harmful algae bloom to a certain extent by restructuring the algal community in eutrophic water bodies.

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) Technology for the Non-Destructive Freshness Assessment of Pearl Gentian Grouper under Different Storage Conditions.

This study used visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology combined with chemometric methods to assess the freshness of pearl gentian grouper. The partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling-PLS-DA (CARS-PLS-DA) models were used to classify fresh, refrigerated, and frozen-thawed fish. The PLS-DA model achieved better classification of fresh, refrigerated, and frozen-thawed fish with the accuracy of 100%, 96.43%, and 96.43%, respectively. Further, the PLS regression (PLSR) and CARS-PLS regression (CARS-PLSR) models were used to predict the storage time of fish under different storage conditions, and the prediction accuracy was assessed using the prediction correlation coefficients (Rp2), root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP), and residual predictive deviation (RPD). For the prediction of storage time, the CARS-PLS model presented the better result of room temperature (Rp2 = 0.948, RMSEP = 0.255, RPD = 4.380) and refrigeration (Rp2 = 0.9319, RMSEP = 1.188, RPD = 3.857), while the better prediction of freeze was by obtained by the PLSR model (Rp2 = 0.9250, RMSEP = 2.910, RPD = 3.469). Finally, the visualization of storage time based on the PLSR model under different storage conditions were realized. This study confirmed the potential of HSI as a rapid and non-invasive technique to identify fish freshness.

Consecutive contralateral comparison of toric and non-toric implantable collamer lenses V4c in vault after implantation for myopia and astigmatism.

AIMS: To compare the vault performance between implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c and Toric ICL (TICL) V4c after implantation and to investigate the affecting factors. METHODS: Sixty-eight eyes from 34 patients with myopia or myopia astigmatism who underwent implantation of TICL in one eye (group A) and identically sized ICL (group B) in the contralateral eye were included. Mean follow-up time were 7.58 ± 1.63 months (range: 6-10 months). Vault was compared between the two groups and correlations between vault and age, preoperative ocular biometric measurements were analysed. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model of postoperative vault adjusting for within-patient intereye correlations was performed. RESULTS: The safety indices were 1.27 and 1.35, and the efficacy indices were 1.20 and 1.24 for groups A and B, respectively. Vault of TICL was significantly higher than that of ICL (554.11 ± 219.36 µm vs 449.70 ± 172.47 µm, P < 0.001). The difference between ICL/TICL size and WTW (size-WTW) and STS (size-STS), anterior chamber depth and pupil diameter (PD) were positively correlated with vault. Patient age and clear lens rise measured by Pentacam were negatively correlated with vault. Results of GEE model showed preoperative PD, age, cylindrical power of TICL and size-WTW were influencing factors for postoperative vault. CONCLUSIONS: Vault after TICL implantation is higher than that with ICL. PD, age, cylindrical power of TICL and size-WTW could affect postoperative vault.