Beneficial effects of Dendrobium officinale National Herbal Drink on metabolic immune crosstalk via regulate SCFAs-Th17/Treg.

BACKGROUND: The development of gut-liver axis metabolic immune crosstalk is intimately associated with intestinal barrier disorder, intestinal SCFAs-Th17/Treg immunological imbalance, and disorders of the gut microbiota. Prior research has discovered that Dendrobium officinale National Herbal Drink (NHD), a traditional Chinese medicine drink with enhanced immunity, may enhance the immunological response in animals with impaired immune systems brought on by cyclophosphamide by repairing intestinal barrier function and controlling turbulence in the gut microbiota. However, whether NHD can further improve the gut-liver axis metabolic immune crosstalk and its related mechanisms need to be systematically studied. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to clarify the function and mechanism of NHD in enhancing the gut-liver axis metabolic immunological crosstalk brought on by excessive alcohol intake. METHODS: In this work, we set up a mouse model to analyze the metabolic and immunological crosstalk involving the gut-liver axis across 7 weeks of continuous, excessive drinking. At the same time, high and low doses (20,10 ml/kg) of NHD were given by gavage. The effect of NHD on improving the metabolism of gut-liver axis was evaluated by blood lipid, liver lipid deposition, liver function and intestinal pathophysiology. By measuring serum immunological indices, intestinal barrier, and intestinal immune barrier, the impact of NHD on enhancing immune and intestinal barrier function was assessed. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, 16S rRNA, Western blot, q-PCR and other methods were used to detect gut microbiota, SCFAs-GPR41/43 pathway, intestinal Th17/Treg immune cells and PPAR-α-NPC1L1/SREBP1 pathway to elucidate the mechanism by which NHD enhances the gut-liver axis' metabolic immune crosstalk. RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that NHD has the potential to improve the pathophysiological damage caused by gut-liver axis in model mice. NHD also ameliorated the disorder of lipid metabolism. In addition, it regulated the levels of peripheral blood T cell immunity and serum immune factors. And NHD can restore intestinal mechanical and immune barrier damage. NHD has a favorable impact on the quantity of beneficial bacteria, including uncultured_bacterium_g__norank_f__muribaculacea and uncultured_bacterium_g__Turicibacter. Additionally, it raised the model mice's levels of SCFAs (n-butyric acid, isovaleric acid, etc.). This resulted in the promotion of intestinal GPR41/43-ERK1/2 expression and the reshaping of intestinal CD4+T cell Th17/Treg homeostasis. As a consequence, colon IL-22 and IL-10 levels increased, while colon IL-17A levels decreased. Lastly, NHD raised the amount of intestinal IAP/LPS, regulated the development of PPAR-α-NPC1L1/SREBP1 pathway in gut-liver axis, and improve lipid metabolism disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that NHD can improve the gut-liver axis metabolic immune crosstalk in model mice caused by excessive drinking. The mechanism might be connected to how NHD controls gut microbiota disorders in model mice, the activation of intestinal SCFAs-GPR41/43 pathway, the remodeling of Th17/Treg immune homeostasis of intestinal CD4+T cells, the improvement of IAP/LPS abnormality, and further mediating the PPAR-α-NPC1L1/SREBP1 pathway of lipid metabolism in gut-liver axis.

Examining the emotional healing process through bibliotherapy in adolescents with cancer: A qualitative descriptive study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate how interactive bibliotherapy impacted the emotional healing process of adolescents with cancer, drawing upon the three-stage emotional healing process theory-identification, catharsis, and insight. METHOD: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted on data from 14 adolescents, aged 10-19 years, diagnosed with or relapsing from leukemia or osteosarcoma within the past two years. Participants received two interactive bibliotherapy sessions using The Rabbit Listened and You Are Special. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and content analyzed. RESULTS: Analysis identified six themes in The Rabbit Listened and eight in You Are Special. Adolescents primarily engaged in identification, empathizing with protagonists and recalling personal experiences. They underwent catharsis, releasing negative emotions and fostering positivity. Insights emerged on companionship, listening, and others' criticism. CONCLUSIONS: Our study validates the use of the three-stage emotional healing process in interdisciplinary bibliotherapy for understanding emotional changes in adolescents with cancer. It sheds light on their concerns and coping strategies. Healthcare practitioners can utilize interactive bibliotherapy based on this framework to initiate therapeutic communication with adolescent cancer patients and improve interventions and care.

Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain and Anxiety During Children's Circumcision: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Circumcision-a common pediatric procedure-can cause significant pain and anxiety. Virtual reality has been proposed as a nonpharmacological intervention to alleviate these negative experiences. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual reality interventions on pain and anxiety in children undergoing circumcision. METHODS: This study comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles published from database inception to October 2, 2023. Randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of virtual reality interventions on pain and anxiety during circumcision in children were included. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to appraise the included studies. The primary outcomes were pain and anxiety scores. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials and four data sets involving a total of 224 children were included in our meta-analysis. Virtual reality interventions significantly reduced children's pain and anxiety scores. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual reality interventions are promising nonpharmacological strategies for alleviating children's pain and anxiety during circumcision. Pediatric healthcare professionals use virtual reality interventions to create a child-friendly and healthy healthcare environment.

Advanced biomedical and electronic dual-function skin patch created through microfluidic-regulated 3D bioprinting.

Artificial skin involves multidisciplinary efforts, including materials science, biology, medicine, and tissue engineering. Recent studies have aimed at creating skins that are multifunctional, intelligent, and capable of regenerating tissue. In this work, we present a specialized 3D printing ink composed of polyurethane and bioactive glass (PU-BG) and prepare dual-function skin patch by microfluidic-regulated 3D bioprinting (MRBP) technique. The MRBP endows the skin patch with a highly controlled microstructure and superior strength. Besides, an asymmetric tri-layer is further constructed, which promotes cell attachment and growth through a dual transport mechanism based on hydrogen bonds and gradient structure from hydrophilic to superhydrophilic. More importantly, by combining the features of biomedical skin with electronic skin (e-skin), we achieved a biomedical and electronic dual-function skin patch. In vivo experiments have shown that this skin patch can enhance hemostasis, resist bacterial growth, stimulate the regeneration of blood vessels, and accelerate the healing process. Meanwhile, it also mimics the sensory functions of natural skin to realize signal detection, where the sensitivity reached up to 5.87 kPa-1, as well as cyclic stability (over 500 cycles), a wide detection range of 0-150 kPa, high pressure resolution of 0.1 % under the pressure of 100 kPa. This work offers a versatile and effective method for creating dual-function skin patches and provide new insights into wound healing and tissue repair, which have significant implications for clinical applications.

Analysis of the Effects of Microwave Combined Induction Heating on Steamed Pork with Rice Powder.

This study investigates the application of microwave combined induction heating (MCIH) to steam ready-to-eat pork with rice powder, emphasizing the advantages of rapid and uniform heating. The experimental setup included a mixture of 180 g pork strips, 30 g rice powder, and 10 g water in a CPET tray using MCIH with 1080 W microwave (MW) and 130 °C induction heating (IH) for 150 s. The results showed a quick temperature increase rate of 0.56 °C/s that achieved pasteurization against a variety of pathogenic bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, but not Clostridium botulinum, by lethality calculation. Compared to typical electric cooker steaming, MCIH significantly shortened cooking time (8.6 times faster). To address rice starch gelatinization, two-stage heating techniques to steam pork with rice powder were MCIH: 150 s, and then IH: 60 s (MW1), and MCIH: 180 s, and then IH: 30 s (MW2), with no significant differences seen in color or the nine-point taste scale between treatment groups. MCIH groups had smaller shear forces than control. After MCIH cooking, no microbial counts were detected in the MW1 and MW2 groups initially, and the pork with rice powder had a shelf life of 14 days at 4 °C based on aerobic plate count assay.

Core-Shell Gel Nanofiber Scaffolds Constructed by Microfluidic Spinning toward Wound Repair and Tissue Regeneration.

Growing demand for wound care resulting from the increasing chronic diseases and trauma brings intense pressure to global medical health service system. Artificial skin provides mechanical and microenvironmental support for wound, which is crucial in wound healing and tissue regeneration. However, challenges still remain in the clinical application of artificial skin since the lack of the synergy effect of necessary performance. In this study, a multi-functional artificial skin is fabricated through microfluidic spinning technology by using core-shell gel nanofiber scaffolds (NFSs). This strategy can precisely manipulate the microstructure of artificial skin under microscale. The as-prepared artificial skin demonstrates superior characteristics including surface wettability, breathability, high mechanical strength, strain sensitivity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Notably, this artificial skin has the capability to deliver medications in a controlled and sustained manner, thereby accelerating the wound healing process. This innovative approach paves the way for the development of a new generation of artificial skin and introduces a novel concept for the structural design of the unique core-shell gel NFSs.

FTY720 ameliorates experimental MPO-ANCA-associated vasculitis by regulating fatty acid oxidation via the neutrophil PPARα-CPT1a pathway.

OBJECTIVES: Increasing studies demonstrated the importance of C5a and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-induced neutrophil activation in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts as a downstream effector molecule of C5a and enhances neutrophil activation induced by C5a and ANCA. The current study investigated the role of a S1P receptor modulator FTY720 in experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV) and explored the immunometabolism-related mechanisms of FTY720 in modulating ANCA-induced neutrophil activation. METHODS: The effects of FTY720 in EAV were evaluated by quantifying hematuria, proteinuria, crescent formation, tubulointerstitial injury and pulmonary hemorrhage. RNA sequencing of renal cortex and gene enrichment analysis were performed. The proteins of key identified pathways were analyzed in neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood of patients with active AAV and normal controls. We assessed the effects of FTY720 on ANCA-induced neutrophil respiratory burst and neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NETosis). RESULTS: FTY720 treatment significantly attenuated renal injury and pulmonary hemorrhage in EAV. RNA sequencing analyses of renal cortex demonstrated enhanced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signalling in FTY720-treated rats. Compared with normal controls, patients with active AAV showed decreased FAO in neutrophils. FTY720-treated differentiated HL-60 cells showed increased expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1a) and PPARα. Blocking or knockdown of CPT1a or PPARα in isolated human neutrophils and HL-60 cells reversed the inhibitory effects of FTY720 on ANCA-induced neutrophil respiratory burst and NETosis. CONCLUSION: FTY720 attenuated renal injury in EAV through upregulating FAO via the PPARα-CPT1a pathway in neutrophils, offering potential immunometabolic targets in AAV treatment.

[Construction of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes induced by high fat diet alone and evaluation of pathological changes].

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the modeling time of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse model induced by high fat diet (HFD) alone and the effects of HFD on the pathology and function of organs related to glucose and lipid metabolism. C57BL/6 mice were fed with normal diet (NC group) or HFD (HFD group). The time of successful T2DM modeling was evaluated by measuring body weight, fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance at time points of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks. The functional and pathological changes of glucose and lipid metabolism related organs were evaluated by detecting insulin tolerance, plasma lipid levels, vascular function, as well as HE staining of pancreas and liver. The results showed that compared with the NC group, the HFD group had significantly increased body weight after 8 weeks of HFD. After 16 weeks of HFD, the HFD group exhibited impaired fasting glucose tolerance. After 20 weeks of HFD, the HFD group mice reached diabetic state, showing impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, islet volume reduction and vacuolar degeneration; Large number of lipid droplets appeared in liver cells, and the level of AMPK phosphorylation in liver tissue was significantly increased in the HFD groups, compared with the NC group; There was endothelial dependent diastolic dysfunction in the thoracic aorta of the HFD group; Compared with the NC group, the HFD group mice showed a significant increase in urinary protein levels. These results suggest that T2DM mouse model can be successfully established by HFD induction alone for 20 weeks. The model is characterized by insulin resistance, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, vascular dysfunction, renal dysfunction and pathological changes of islet and liver cells, which are similar to those of T2DM patients. Therefore it can be used as an ideal animal model for T2DM research.

Superconducting ternary hydrides: progress and challenges.

Since the discovery of the high-temperature superconductors H3S and LaH10 under high pressure, compressed hydrides have received extensive attention as promising candidates for room-temperature superconductors. As a result of current high-pressure theoretical and experimental studies, it is now known that almost all the binary hydrides with a high superconducting transition temperature (T c) require extremely high pressure to remain stable, hindering any practical application. In order to further lower the stable pressure and improve superconductivity, researchers have started exploring ternary hydrides and had many achievements in recent years. Here, we discuss recent progress in ternary hydrides, aiming to deepen the understanding of the key factors regulating the structural stability and superconductivity of ternary hydrides, such as structural motifs, bonding features, electronic structures, electron-phonon coupling, etc. Furthermore, the current issues and challenges of superconducting ternary hydrides are presented, together with the prospects and opportunities for future research.

Landform and lithospheric development contribute to the assembly of mountain floras in China.

Although it is well documented that mountains tend to exhibit high biodiversity, how geological processes affect the assemblage of montane floras is a matter of ongoing research. Here, we explore landform-specific differences among montane floras based on a dataset comprising 17,576 angiosperm species representing 140 Chinese mountain floras, which we define as the collection of all angiosperm species growing on a specific mountain. Our results show that igneous bedrock (granitic and karst-granitic landforms) is correlated with higher species richness and phylogenetic overdispersion, while the opposite is true for sedimentary bedrock (karst, Danxia, and desert landforms), which is correlated with phylogenetic clustering. Furthermore, we show that landform type was the primary determinant of the assembly of evolutionarily older species within floras, while climate was a greater determinant for younger species. Our study indicates that landform type not only affects montane species richness, but also contributes to the composition of montane floras. To explain the assembly and differentiation of mountain floras, we propose the 'floristic geo-lithology hypothesis', which highlights the role of bedrock and landform processes in montane floristic assembly and provides insights for future research on speciation, migration, and biodiversity in montane regions.

Johnson-noise-limited cancellation-free microwave impedance microscopy with monolithic silicon cantilever probes.

Microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) is an emerging scanning probe technique for nanoscale complex permittivity mapping and has made significant impacts in diverse fields. To date, the most significant hurdles that limit its widespread use are the requirements of specialized microwave probes and high-precision cancellation circuits. Here, we show that forgoing both elements not only is feasible but also enhances performance. Using monolithic silicon cantilever probes and a cancellation-free architecture, we demonstrate Johnson-noise-limited, drift-free MIM operation with 15 nm spatial resolution, minimal topography crosstalk, and an unprecedented sensitivity of 0.26 zF/√Hz. We accomplish this by taking advantage of the high mechanical resonant frequency and spatial resolution of silicon probes, the inherent common-mode phase noise rejection of self-referenced homodyne detection, and the exceptional stability of the streamlined architecture. Our approach makes MIM drastically more accessible and paves the way for advanced operation modes as well as integration with complementary techniques.

Continuous Strain Regulation of Palladium-Gold at the Atomic Level.

Revealing the effect of surface structure changes on the electrocatalytic performance is beneficial to the development of highly efficient catalysts. However, precise regulation of the catalyst surface at the atomic level remains challenging. Here, we present a continuous strain regulation of palladium (Pd) on gold (Au) via a mechanically controllable surface strain (MCSS) setup. It is found that the structural changes induced by the strain setup can accelerate electron transfer at the solid-liquid interface, thus achieving a significantly improved performance toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments further confirm that the enhanced activity is attributed to the increased interplanar spacing resulting from the applied strain. Theoretical calculations reveal that the tensile strain modulates the electronic structure of the Pd active sites and facilitates the desorption of the hydrogen intermediates. This work provides an effective approach for revealing the relationships between the electrocatalyst surface structure and catalytic activity.

Discovery and validation of combined biomarkers for the diagnosis of esophageal intraepithelial neoplasia and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Early diagnosis and intervention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) can improve the prognosis. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers for ESCC and esophageal precancerous lesions (intraepithelial neoplasia, IEN). Based on the proteomic and genomic data of esophageal tissue including previously reported data, up-regulated proteins with copy number amplification in esophageal cancer were screened as candidate biomarkers. Five proteins, including KDM2A, RAD9A, ECT2, CYHR1 and TONSL, were confirmed by immunohistochemistry on ESCC and normal esophagus (NE). Then, we investigated the expression of 5 proteins in 236 participants (60 NEs, 93 IENs and 83 ESCCs) which were randomly divided into training set and test set. When distinguishing ESCC from NE, the area under curve (AUC) of the multiprotein model was 0.940 in the training set, while the lowest AUC of a protein was 0.735. In the test set, the results were similar. When distinguishing ESCC from IEN or distinguishing IEN from NE, the diagnostic efficiency of the multi-protein models were also improved compared with that of single protein. Our findings suggest that combined detection of KDM2A, RAD9A, ECT2, CYHR1 and TONSL can be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ESCC and precancerous lesion development prediction. SIGNIFICANCE: Candidate biomarkers including KDM2A, RAD9A, ECT2, CYHR1 and TONSL screened by integrating genomic and proteomic data from the esophagus can be used as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesion development prediction.

Robust and Durable Photonic Crystal with Liquid-Repellent Property for Self-Cleaning Coatings and Structural Colored Textiles.

Photonic crystal coatings with unique structural colors and self-cleaning properties have been providing an efficient way for substrate coloration. However, the enhancement of the robustness and durability of structural colored coatings to meet the requirements in diverse environments remains a challenging task. Here, to realize the application of photonic crystal films under various kinds of conditions, we present a poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate)-based colloidal photonic crystal (fCPC) coating. Fluorinated core-interlayer-shell (FCIS) colloidal particles of polystyrene (PS) core, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interlayer, and poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate-ethyl acrylate-butyl acrylate) (P(FA-EA-BA)) shell copolymers have been first prepared by a stepwise emulsion polymerization. fCPCs with self-supporting property, reprocessing ability, friction resistance, as well as excellent wettability and liquid-repellent properties are successfully obtained via the bending-induced ordering technique (BIOT). When applied in antifouling applications, the fCPC film exhibits resistance against various oil and inorganic liquids. Furthermore, the fCPC coatings demonstrate their durability under outdoor conditions by maintaining stable color appearances during rainy and sunny conditions. Additionally, an electronic product adhered with the fCPC coatings is presented, which exhibits a surface that remains clean even after prolonged usage in comparison to the conventional CPC coating. Structural colored textiles with enhanced stability and functionalized liquid-repellent properties are achieved through a one-step process using FCIS particles. Therefore, the developed self-cleaning and comprehensive fCPC coatings capable of withstanding diverse conditions may open up new avenues for the advancement of structural coloration in decoration, vehicle, textile, and building.

Interleukin-8/CXCR1 Signaling Contributes to the Progression of Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Resulting in Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PADC) treatment limited efficacy in preventing tumor progression, often resulting in malignant pleural effusion (MPE). MPE is filled with various mediators, especially interleukin-8 (IL-8). However, the role of IL-8 and its signaling mechanism within the fluid microenvironment (FME) implicated in tumor progression warrants further investigation. Primary cultured cells from samples of patients with MPE from PADC, along with a commonly utilized lung cancer cell line, were employed to examine the role of IL-8 and its receptor, CXCR1, through comparative analysis. Our study primarily assessed migration and invasion capabilities, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Additionally, IL-8 levels in MPE fluid versus serum, along with immunohistochemical expression of IL-8/CXCR1 signaling in tumor tissue and cell blocks were analyzed. IL-8/CXCR1 overexpression enhanced EMT and CSC properties. Furthermore, the immunocytochemical examination of 17 cell blocks from patients with PADC and MPE corroborated the significant correlation between upregulated IL-8 and CXCR1 expression and the co-expression of IL-8 and CXCR1 in MPE with distant metastasis. In summary, the IL-8/ CXCR1 axis in FME is pivotal to tumor promotion via paracrine and autocrine signaling. Our study provides a therapeutic avenue for improving the prognosis of PADC patients with MPE.

The effect of modified Qiyuan paste on mice with low immunity and sleep deprivation by regulating GABA nerve and immune system.

BACKGROUND: Low immunity and sleep disorders are prevalent suboptimal health conditions in contemporary populations, which render them susceptible to the infiltration of pathogenic factors. LJC, which has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing the Yin and blood and calming the mind, is obtained by modifying Qiyuan paste. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo has been shown to improve the immune function in sleep-deprived mice. In this study, based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, LJC was prepared by adding D. officinale Kimura et Migo to Qiyuan paste decoction. METHODS: Indicators of Yin deficiency syndrome, such as back temperature and grip strength, were measured in each group of mice; furthermore, behavioral tests and pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep tests were performed. An automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and other methods were used to determine routine blood parameters, serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM), cont (C3, C4), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the spleen, serum hemolysin, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) levels. In addition, serum levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to assess the histological alterations in the hypothalamus tissue. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of the GABA pathway proteins GABRA1, GAD, GAT1, and GABAT1 and those of CD4+ and CD8+ proteins in the thymus and spleen tissues. RESULTS: The findings indicated that LJC prolonged the sleep duration, improved the pathological changes in the hippocampus, effectively upregulated the GABA content in the serum of mice, downregulated the Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio, enhanced the expressions of GABRA1, GAT1, and GAD, and decreased the expression of GABAT1 to assuage sleep disorders. Importantly, LJC alleviated the damage to the thymus and spleen tissues in the model mice and enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH in the spleen of the immunocompromised mice. Moreover, serum hemolysin levels and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels increased after LJC administration, which manifested as increased CD4+ content, decreased CD8+ content, and enhanced DTH response. In addition, LJC significantly increased the levels of complement C3 and C4, increased the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, and decreased the percentage of neutrophils in the blood. CONCLUSIONS: LJC can lead to improvements in immunocompromised mice models with insufficient sleep. The underlying mechanism may involve regulation of the GABA/Glu content and the expression levels of GABA metabolism pathway-related proteins in the brain of mice, enhancing their specific and nonspecific immune functions.

[Effect of TP53 Allelic State on Clinical Performance and Prognosis of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of TP53 allelic state in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). METHODS: The clinical data of 858 MDS patients who underwent second-generation sequencing (NGS) testing in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 52 years old, and median follow-up time was 23.8 (0.4-109.6) months. Four hundred and one patients (46.7%) had at least one chromosomal abnormality, including 106 complex karyotypes and 78 monosomal karyotypes. A total of 103 cases of TP53 mutations were identified, with a mutation rate of 12%. Compared with TP53 wild-type, various types of chromosomal abnormalities were significantly more common in patients with TP53 mutations (all P < 0.001). Patients with TP53 mutations had lower hemoglobin levels, lower platelet counts and higher percentage of bone marrow primitive cell compared with TP53 wild type (all P < 0.05), and significantly shorter overall survival (OS). Among 97 evaluable patients, 33 cases (34%) were mono-allelic TP53 mutation, while 64 cases were bi-allelic TP53 mutation. Patients in bi-allelic TP53 mutation subgroup had a higher proportion of chromosomal abnormalities and a lower number of co-mutations compared with mono-allelic TP53 mutation. The median OS was 33.6 months in patients with mono-allelic state and only 11.4 months in patients with bi-allelic state (HR=2.138, 95%CI : 1.053-4.343, P >0.05). Median OS was not reached in TP53 wild-type patients, and there was a significant difference in OS among TP53 wild-type, mono-allelic and bi-allelic TP53 mutation patients (P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that bi-allelic TP53 was an independent predictor of poor outcomes (HR=2.808, 95%CI : 1.487-5.003, P =0.001), while mono-allelic TP53 mutation and wild-type TP53 were not. CONCLUSION: Patients with TP53 mutations have a poor prognosis, and bi-allelic TP53 mutations have a worse prognosis compared with mono-allelic TP53 mutations and independently affect the prognosis of MDS patients.

Magnaporthe oryzae infection triggers rice resistance to brown planthopper through the influence of jasmonic acid on the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.

In agroecosystems, plants are constantly exposed to attack from diverse herbivorous insects and microbes, and infestation with one species may change the plant defense response to other species. In our investigation of the relationships among rice plants, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we observed a significant increase in the resistance of rice treated with rice blast to N. lugens, as evidenced by improved plant survival rates in a small population resistance study. Subsequent transcriptome data analysis revealed that the rice blast fungus can induce the expression of genes in the jasmonic acid (JA) and flavonoid pathways. Similar to the flavonoid pathway, the JA pathway also contains 2 types of genes that exhibit similar and opposite trends in response to N. lugens and rice blast. Among these genes, the osjaz1 mutant and the osmyc2 mutant were phenotypically confirmed to positively and negatively regulate rice resistance to N. lugens and rice blast, respectively. Subsequent mass spectrometry and quantification experiments showed that the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can induce the accumulation of eriodictyol, naringenin and quercetin, as well as the expression of OsF3H, Os4CL5 and OsCHI in the flavonoid pathway. This suggests a close connection between the JA pathway and the flavonoid pathway. However, OsF3'H, which negatively regulates rice resistance to N. lugens and rice blast, did not show increased expression. Phenotypic and molecular experiments confirmed that OsMYC2 can bind to and inhibit the expression of OsF3'H, thus revealing the mechanism of rice resistance to N. lugens after treatment with rice blast. These findings will deepen our understanding of the interactions among rice, N. lugens and rice blast.

Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a prominent cause of neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental disorders; however, effective therapeutic interventions remain limited. During neonatal hypoxic-ischemic injury events, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased antioxidant levels lead to the induction of oxidative stress, which plays a pivotal role in the pathological process of neonatal HIE. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key endogenous antioxidant transcription factor that protects against oxidative stress by promoting the transcription of various antioxidant genes. It has been demonstrated that Nrf2 signaling pathway activation by different compounds may protect against neonatal HIE. This review outlines the role of oxidative stress in neonatal HIE and summarizes the impact of antioxidants on neonatal HIE via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In conclusion, Nrf2 signaling pathway potentially exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and antiferroptotic effects, thereby emerging as a focal point for future neonatal HIE treatment strategies.