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Norovirus (NoV) is the primary cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) on a global scale. Numerous studies have demonstrated the immense potential of wastewater surveillance in monitoring the prevalence and spread of NoV within communities. This study employed a one-step reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to quantify NoV GI/GII in wastewater samples (n = 2574), which were collected once or twice a week from 38 wastewater treatment plants from March 2023 to February 2024 in Shenzhen. The concentrations of NoV GI and GII ranged from 5.0 × 104 to 1.7 × 106 copies/L and 4.1 × 105 to 4.5 × 106 copies/L, respectively. The concentrations of NoV GII were higher than those of NoV GI. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed a moderate correlation between the concentration of NoV in wastewater and the detection rates of NoV infections in sentinel hospitals. Baseline values were established for NoV concentrations in Shenzhen's wastewater, providing a crucial reference point for implementing early warning systems and nonpharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the impact of potential outbreaks. A total of 24 NoV genotypes were identified in 100 wastewater samples by sequencing. Nine genotypes of NoV GI were detected, with the major genotypes being GI.4 (38.6 %) and GI.3 (21.8 %); Fifteen genotypes of NoV GII were identified, with GII.4 (53.6 %) and GII.17 (26.0 %) being dominant. The trends in the relative abundance of NoV GI/GII were significantly different, and the trends in the relative abundance of NoV GII.4 over time were similar across all districts, suggesting a potential risk of cross-regional spread. Our findings underscore the effectiveness of wastewater surveillance in reflecting population-level NoV infections, capturing the diverse array of NoV genotypes, and utilizing NoV RNA in wastewater as a specific indicator to supplement clinical surveillance data, ultimately enhancing our ability to predict the timing and intensity of NoV epidemics.
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Two bacterial strains (XCT-34T and XCT-53) isolated from sediment samples of an artificial freshwater reservoir were analyzed using a polyphasic approach. The two isolates are aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, motile with polar flagella, rod-shaped, and approximately 1.4-3.4 × 0.4-0.9 µm in size. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences showed that the two strains formed a distinct branch within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Pannonibacter, closest to Pannonibacter carbonis Q4.6T (KCTC 52466). Furthermore, lower than threshold average nucleotide identity values (ANI, 85.7-86.4%) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values (dDDH, 22.3-30.5%) of the two strains compared to the nearest type strains also confirmed that they represented a novel species. Genomic analyses, including annotation of the KEGG pathways, prediction of the secondary metabolism biosynthetic gene clusters and PHI phenotypes, supported functional inference and differentiation of the strains from the closely related taxa. Results of chemotaxonomic and physiological studies revealed that their distinct phenotypic characteristics distinguished them from existing Pannonibacter species. Thus, the two strains are considered to represent a novel species of Pannonibacter, for which the name of Pannonibacter tanglangensis sp. nov. is proposed, with XCT-34T (= KCTC 82332T = GDMCC 1.1947T) as the respective type strain.
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China has been continuously improving its monitoring methods and strategies to address key infectious diseases (KIDs). After the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2003, China established a comprehensive reporting system for infectious diseases (IDs) and public health emergencies. The relatively lagging warning thresholds, limited warning information, and outdated warning technology are insufficient to meet the needs of comprehensive monitoring for modern KIDs. Strengthening early monitoring and warning capabilities to enhance the public health system has become a top priority, with increasing demand for early warning thresholds, information, and techniques, thanks to constant innovation and development in molecular biology, bioinformatics, artificial intelligence, and other identification and analysis technologies. A panel of 31 experts has recommended a fourth-generation comprehensive surveillance system targeting KIDs (41 notifiable diseases and emerging IDs). The aim of this surveillance system is to systematically monitor the epidemiology and causal pathogens of KIDs in hosts such as humans, animals, and vectors, along with associated environmental pathogens. By integrating factors influencing epidemic spread and risk assessment, the surveillance system can serve to detect, predict, and provide early warnings for the occurrence, development, variation, and spread of known or novel KIDs. Moreover, we recommend comprehensive ID monitoring based on the fourth-generation surveillance system, along with a data-integrated monitoring and early warning platform and a consortium pathogen detection technology system. This series of considerations is based on systematic and comprehensive monitoring across multiple sectors, dimensions, factors, and pathogens that is supported by data integration and connectivity. This expert consensus will provides an opportunity for collaboration in various fields and relies on interdisciplinary application to enhance comprehensive monitoring, prediction, and early warning capabilities for the next generation of ID surveillance. This expert consensus will serve as a reference for ID prevention and control as well as other related activities.
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Four yellow-coloured strains (zg-Y815T/zg-Y108 and zg-Y859T/zg-Y826) were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana and assigned to the 'Arthrobacter citreus group'. The four strains grew optimally on brain heart infusion agar with 5â% defibrinated sheep blood plate at 30â°C, pH 7.0 and with 0.5â% NaCl (w/v). Comparative analysis of their 16S rRNA genes indicated that the two strain pairs belong to the genus Arthrobacter, showing the highest similarity to Arthrobacter yangruifuii 785T (99.52â%), which was further confirmed by the 16S rRNA gene and genome-based phylogenetic analysis. The comparative genomic analysis [digital DNA-DNA hybridization, (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI)] proved that the four strains are two different species (zg-Y815T/zg-Y108, 71.7 %/96.8â%; zg-Y859T/zg-Y826, 87.3â%/98.5â%) and differ from other known species within the genus Arthrobacter (zg-Y815T, 19.6-32.3â%/77.2-88.0â%; zg-Y859T, 19.5-29.3â%/77.4-86.3â%). Strain pairs zg-Y815T/zg-Y108 and zg-Y859T/zg-Y826 had the same major cellular fatty acids (iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0), with MK-8(H2) as their dominant respiratory quinone (70.6 and 61.7â%, respectively). The leading polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. The detected amino acids and cell-wall sugars of the two new species were identical (amino acids: alanine, glutamic acid, and lysine; sugars: rhamnose, galactose, mannose, glucose, and ribose). According to the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic analyses, we concluded that the four new strains represented two different novel species in the genus Arthrobacter, for which the names Arthrobacter zhaoxinii sp. nov. (zg-Y815T= GDMCC 1.3494T = JCM 35821T) and Arthrobacter jinronghuae sp. nov. (zg-Y859T = GDMCC 1.3493T = JCM 35822T) are proposed.
Assuntos
Arthrobacter , Animais , Ovinos , Ácidos Graxos/química , Fosfolipídeos/química , Marmota , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Vitamina K 2/química , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Aminoácidos , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa , AçúcaresRESUMO
Four Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, non-motile, cocci-shaped bacteria strains (ZJ106T, ZJ104, ZJ785T and ZJ930) were isolated from marmot respiratory tracts. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes, 53 ribosomal protein sequences and 441 core genes supported that all four strains belonged to the genus Neisseria with close relatives Neisseria weixii 10022T and Neisseria iguanae ATCC 51483T. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were below the species-level thresholds (95-96â% for ANI, and 70â% for dDDH). The major fatty acids of all four strains were C16â:â1 ω7c /C16â:â1 ω6c, C16â:â0 and C18â:â1 ω9c. Major polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. MK-8 was the major menaquinone. Based on Virulence Factor Database analysis, the four strains were found to contain NspA and PorB H-factor binding proteins that promote evasion of host immunity. Strains ZJ106T and ZJ104 contained structures similar to the capsule synthesis manipulator of Neisseria meningitidis. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that strains ZJ106T and ZJ785T represent two novel species of the genus Neisseria, respectively, with the names Neisseria lisongii sp. nov. and Neisseria yangbaofengii sp. nov. The type strains are ZJ106T (=GDMCC 1.3111T=JCM 35323T) and ZJ785T (=GDMCC 1.1998T=KCTC 82336T).
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Ácidos Graxos , Marmota , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/química , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Neisseria/genética , Sistema Respiratório , NucleotídeosRESUMO
A polyphasic taxonomic characterization of two novel strain pairs (designated zg-579T/zg-578 and zg-536T/zg-ZUI104) isolated from the faeces of Marmota himalayana was conducted based on phylogenetic analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene and genome, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, ortho-average nucleotide identity (Ortho-ANI), and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits. Comparative analysis of the nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain zg-579T was most closely related to Nocardioides dokdonensis FR1436T (97.57â%) and Nocardioides deserti SC8A-24T (97.36â%), whereas strain zg-536T had the highest similarity to Nocardioides caeni MN8T (98.33â%), Nocardioides convexus W2-2-3T (98.26â%) and Nocardioides daeguensis 2C1-5T (98.19â%). Low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness and Ortho-ANI values (19.8-31.0â%/78.6-88.2â%, zg-579T; 19.9-31.3â%/78.8-86.2â%, zg-536T) between the two new type strains and previously known species within the genus Nocardioides support the hypothesis that the four newly characterized strains could be considered to represent two novel species within this genus. The dominant cellular fatty acids found in strain pair zg-536T/zg-ZUI104 were iso-C16â:â0 and C18â:â1 ω9c, whereas C17â:â1 ω8c was major component in zg-579T/zg-578. Galactose and ribose were the main cell-wall sugars in these two new strain pairs. Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were the major polar lipids in zg-579T, whereas DPG, PG and PI predominated in zg-536T. Both strain pairs had MK8(H4) as the major respiratory quinone and ll-diaminopimelic acid as the major cell-wall peptidoglycan. The optimal growth conditions for the two novel strain pairs were 30 °C, pH 7.0 and 0.5â% NaCl (w/v). Based on these polyphasic characterizations, two novel species within the genus Nocardioides are proposed, i.e. Nocardioides marmotae sp. nov. and Nocardioides faecalis sp. nov., with zg-579T (=CGMCC 4.7663T=JCM 33892T) and zg-536T (=CGMCC 4.7662T=JCM 33891T) as the type strains.
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Actinomycetales , Ácidos Graxos , Ácidos Graxos/química , Fosfolipídeos/química , Nocardioides , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Composição de Bases , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , CardiolipinasRESUMO
Six aerobic or facultative anaerobic, motile, Gram-stain-positive, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative strains (zg-Y453T, zg-Y324, zg-Y462T, zg-Y411, zg-Y809T and zg-Y786) were isolated from different faecal samples of Marmota himalayana from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Pale yellow, round, raised and moist colonies appeared 48 h after incubation at 28 °C on brain-heart infusion plates supplemented with 5â% defibrinated sheep blood. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment, two strain pairs (zg-Y453T/zg-Y324 and zg-Y462T/zg-Y411) shared the highest similarities to Arthrobacter luteolus (99.5 and 99.2â%), and the other one (zg-Y809T/zg-Y786) to Arthrobacter citreus (99.5â%). Results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences showed that these six strains represented three separate species within the genus Arthrobacter. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between the three novel type strains (zg-Y453T/zg-Y462T/zg-Y809T) and other known species in this genus were all below respective thresholds (70.2-81.5/19.6-24.2â%, 70.6-81.8/19.8-25.0â%, and 70.4-88.2/19.9-35.3â%). Although phylogenetically related, there were obvious chemotaxonomic and phenotypic differences: strain pair zg-Y462T/zg-Y411 had anteiso-C15â:â0 as the only major fatty acid; the three novel species had different dominant quinones, MK-8(H2) in strains zg-Y462T/zg-Y809T (74.8/81.1â%) and MK-8(H2)/MK-9(H2) (43.1/53.0â%) in zg-Y453T; similarly, the ability to reduce nitrate in strains zg-Y453T and zg-Y462T could differentiate them from zg-Y809T. All strains had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, but differed slightly in the types of unidentified glycolipids, phospholipids and lipids. Based on the results of these polyphasic taxonomic analyses, three novel species within the genus Arthrobacter are proposed, namely Arthrobacter caoxuetaonis sp. nov. (type strain, zg-Y453T=GDMCC 1.2809T=JCM 35173T), Arthrobacter zhangbolii sp. nov. (type strain, zg-Y462T=GDMCC 1.2880T=JCM 35170T) and Arthrobacter gengyunqii sp. nov. (type strain, zg-Y809T=GDMCC 1.2808T=JCM 35168T).
Assuntos
Arthrobacter , Animais , Ovinos , Tibet , Ácidos Graxos/química , Marmota , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Vitamina K 2 , FezesRESUMO
Six novel bacterial strains, designated CY22T, CY357, LJ419T, LJ53, CY399T and CY107 were isolated from soil samples collected from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, PR China. Cells were aerobic, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and non-spore-forming. All strains were psychrotolerant and could grow at 0 °C. The results of phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and core genomic genes, indicated that the three strain pairs (CY22T/CY357, LJ419T/LJ53 and CY399T/CY107) were closely related to members of the genus Dyadobacter and clustered tightly with two species with validly published names, Dyadobacter alkalitolerans 12116T and Dyadobacter psychrophilus BZ26T. Values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization between genome sequences of the isolates and other strains from the GenBank database in the genus Dyadobacter were far below the 70.0â% threshold. The genomic DNA G+C content of these six strains ranged from 45.2 to 45.8â%. The major cellular fatty acids of all six strains were iso-C15â:â0 and summed feature 3 (comprising C16â:â1 ω7c and/or C16â:â1 ω6c). MK-7 was the only respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine was the predominant polar lipid for strains CY22T, LJ419T and CY399T. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic evidence presented, these six strains represent three novel members of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the names Dyadobacter chenhuakuii sp. nov., Dyadobacter chenwenxiniae sp. nov. and Dyadobacter fanqingshengii sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are CY22T (= GDMCC 1.3045T = KCTC 92299T), LJ419T (= GDMCC 1.2872T = JCM 33794T) and CY399T (= GDMCC 1.3052T = KCTC 92306T), respectively.
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Cytophagaceae , Filogenia , Microbiologia do Solo , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tibet , Cytophagaceae/classificação , Cytophagaceae/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Emerging zoonoses of wildlife origin caused by previously unknown agents are one of the most important challenges for human health. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represents a unique ecological niche with diverse wildlife that harbours several human pathogens and numerous previously uncharacterized pathogens. In this study, we identified and characterized a novel arenavirus (namely, plateau pika virus, PPV) from plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by virome analysis. Isolated PPV strains could replicate in several mammalian cells. We further investigated PPV pathogenesis using animal models. PPV administered via an intraventricular route caused trembling and sudden death in IFNαßR-/- mice, and pathological inflammatory lesions in brain tissue were observed. According to a retrospective serological survey in the geographical region where PPV was isolated, PPV-specific IgG antibodies were detected in 8 (2.4%) of 335 outpatients with available sera. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that this virus was clearly separated from previously reported New and Old World mammarenaviruses. Under the co-speciation framework, the estimated divergence time of PPV was 77-88 million years ago (MYA), earlier than that of OW and NW mammarenaviruses (26-34 MYA).
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Arenaviridae , Lagomorpha , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Arenaviridae/genética , Filogenia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tibet , Animais SelvagensRESUMO
Six Gram-stain-positive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, catalase-positive, urease- and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria (zg-ZUI157T/zg-ZUI40, zg-ZUI222T/zg-ZUI199 and zg-ZUI188T/ zg-ZUI168) were characterized by a polyphasic approach. Optimal growth of the six strains was observed at pH 7.0 and 28 °C. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and 247 core genes revealed that they belong to genus Cellulomonas. The three type strains have low digital DNA-DNA hybridization (19.3-30.1%) and average nucleotide identity values (78.0-85.5%) with all available genomes in the genus Cellulomonas, and a DNA G+C content range of 73.0-74.6 mol%. The major fatty acids detected in strain pairs zg-ZUI157T/zg-ZUI40 and zg-ZUI 222T/zg-ZUI199 were C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso A-C15:1, and C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso A-C15:1 and anteiso-C17:0 in strain pair zg-ZUI188T/zg-ZUI168. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides were the major polar lipids detected in the three novel species. MK-9(H4) was the predominant quinone detected in strains zg-ZUI222T (87.4â%) and zg-ZUI188T (91.4â%), and MK-9(H4) (49.1â%) and MK-8 (43.4â%) in strain zg-ZUI157T. The cell-wall sugars detected in the three novel species mainly contained rhamnose. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of the three novel species was A4ß, with an inferred l-Orn-d-Asp interpeptide bridge for strains zg-ZUI157T and zg-ZUI222T, and l-Orn-d-Glu for strain zg-ZUI188T. Based on the results of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic hybridization, average nucleotide identity and chemotaxonomic analyses, the six strains should be classified as belonging to three novel Cellulomonas species, for which the names Cellulomonas dongxiuzhuiae sp. nov. (zg-ZUI157T=GDMCC 1.2559T=KCTC 49678T), Cellulomonas wangleii sp. nov. (zg-ZUI222T=GDMCC 1.2501T=KCTC 49675T) and Cellulomonas fengjieae sp. nov. (zg-ZUI188T=GDMCC 1.2563T=KCTC 49674T) are proposed.
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Cellulomonas , Animais , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Filogenia , Marmota , Catalase/genética , Composição de Bases , Peptidoglicano/química , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal , Cardiolipinas , Urease/genética , Ramnose , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Ácidos Graxos/química , Fosfatidilinositóis , Nucleotídeos , Açúcares , Quinonas , ManosídeosRESUMO
Objectives: To characterize the healthy ocular surface microbiota at the species level, including cultured and uncultured taxa. Methods: We integrated the metataxonomic method with culturomics and genome sequencing analysis of selected isolated strains to better illustrate the taxonomic structure of the ocular surface microbiota. The metataxonomics used the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences and the operational phylogenetic unit strategy, which can precisely identify the cultured and uncultured or potentially new taxa to species level based on the phylogenetic tree constructed. Results: We detected 1,731 operational phylogenetic units (OPUs) in 196 healthy eyes from 128 people, affiliated to 796 cultured species, 784 potentially new species, and 151 potentially new higher taxa. The microbiota for each eye had 49.17 ± 35.66 OPUs. Of the 796 cultured species, 170 (21.36%) had previously caused clinical infections. Based on where they were initially isolated, the ocular surface microbiota mainly came from human body sites (34.55%), the environment (36.93%), plants (9.05%), animals (4.90%), and others; 428 strains were isolated from 20 eyes, affiliated to 42 species, and had come from the environment (33.33%) and the skin (16.67%). Of these, 47.62% had previously caused clinical infections. Genome analysis of 73 isolators revealed that 68.5% of them carried antibiotic resistance genes. The most frequently isolated genera, namely Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Moraxella, had an average of 5.30, four, and three resistance genes per strain, respectively. Discussion: The study found that the ocular surface microbiota mainly came from the environment, plants, animals, food, and human body sites such as the skin, oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, etc. No core member of ocular surface microbiota was detected at the species level. The human eyes were invaded and colonized by bacteria from the exposed environment, some of which were capable of causing infections in humans and carried antibiotic resistance genes. Preventive measures should be developed to protect our eyes from danger.
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Two Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, cocci-shaped strains (dk850T and JY899) were isolated from the feces of Equus kiang in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analyses showed that strains dk850T and JY899 belong to the genus Flaviflexus, closest to F. salsibiostraticola KCTC 33148T, F. ciconiae KCTC 49253T and F. huanghaiensis H5T. The DNA G + C content of strain dk850T was 62.9%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of strain dk850T with the closely related species were below the 70% threshold for species demarcation. The two strains grew best at 28°C on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar with 5% sheep blood. All strains had C18:1ω9c and C16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids. MK-9(H4) was the major menaquinone in strain dk850T. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified phospholipid. Strains dk850T and JY899 were identified as carrying a class 1 integron containing the aminoglycoside resistance gene aadA11, both strains were resistant to spectinomycin and streptomycin. Based on several lines of evidence from phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strains dk850T and JY899 represent a novel species of the genus Flaviflexus, for which the name Flaviflexus equikiangi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is dk850T(= CGMCC 1.16593T = JCM 33598T).
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Integrons , Peptidoglicano , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Equidae/genética , Ácidos Graxos , Fezes , Integrons/genética , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Ovinos , TibetRESUMO
Two facultatively anaerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, unknown bacterial strains (JY-X040T and JY-X174) were isolated from fluvial sediments of Tongtian River in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai province, China. Cells formed translucent, gray, round and convex colonies, with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm after 5 days of incubation at 30°C on brain heart infusion-5% sheep blood agar. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain JY-X040T and Fudania jinshanensis 313T is 93.87%. In the four phylogenetic trees constructed based on the 16S rRNA gene and 423 core genes, the two isolates form an independent branch, phylogenetically closest to F. jinshanensis 313T, but could not be classified as a member of the genus Fudania or any other genus of the family Arcanobacteriaceae. The DNA G + C content of strain JY-X040T was 57.8%. Calculation results of average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization value and amino acid identity between strain JY-X040T and F. jinshanensis 313T are 69.9%, 22.9%, and 64.1%. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:0 (23%) and C18:1ω9c (22%). The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A5α (L-Lys-L-Ala-L-Lys-D-Glu). The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and four unidentified components. The whole-cell sugars contained rhamnose and ribose. MK-10(H4) was the sole respiratory quinone. The minimum inhibitory concentration of streptomycin was 32 µg/ml. All physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics support that strains JY-X040T and JY-X174 represent members of a novel species in a new genus, Changpingibacter yushuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is JY-X040T (GDMCC 1.1996T = KCTC 49514T).
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Actinobacteria/classificação , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiologia , Actinobacteria/citologia , Actinobacteria/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Genoma Bacteriano , Lipídeos/análise , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Estreptomicina/farmacologia , Açúcares/análise , TibetRESUMO
Four Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria (lx-72T, lx-45, ZJ784T and ZJ955) were isolated from the respiratory tract or faeces of marmot (Marmota himalayana) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all strains belong to the genus Canibacter and are more related to Canibacter oris CCUG 64069T (95.1-97.4â% similarity) than to the genus Leucobacter. Both strain pairs grew well at pH 6-9 and 15-42°C, and ZJ784T/ZJ955 could tolerate slightly higher NaCl (0.5-4.5â%, w/v) than lx-72T/lx-45(0.5-3.5â%). Based on whole-genome sequences, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between our four isolates and their closest relative were below the species delineation thresholds of 70â% and 95-96â%. The common major fatty acids (>10â%) of our four strains were anteiso-C15â:â0 and anteiso-C17â:â0. For both new type strains, MK-8(H4) and MK-9(H4) were the major isoprenoid quinones, and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were the main polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of all strains was 53.9âmol%. Based on results from the genomic comparison, phylogenetic analysis, and physiological and biochemical characteristics, the four isolates represent two novel species in the genus Canibacter, for which the names Canibacter zhuwentaonis sp. nov. (type strain lx-72T=KCTC 49658T=GDMCC 1.2569T) and Canibacter zhoujuaniae sp. nov. (type strain ZJ784T=KCTC 49507T=GDMCC 1.1997T) are proposed.
Assuntos
Actinomycetales , Ácidos Graxos , Animais , Ácidos Graxos/química , Marmota/microbiologia , Fosfolipídeos/química , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Composição de Bases , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Actinomycetales/genéticaRESUMO
The use of ion-conductive hydrogels in strain sensors with high mechanical properties, conductivity, and anti-freezing properties is challenging. Here, high-strength, transparent, conductive, and anti-freezing organohydrogels were fabricated through the radical polymerization of polyacrylamide (PAM)/sodium alginate (SA)/TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNs) in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/water solution, followed by soaking in a CaCl2 solution. The resulting organohydrogels demonstrated a high strength (tensile strength of 1.04 MPa), stretchability (681%), transparency (>84% transmittance), and ionic conductivity (1.25 S m-1). The organohydrogel-based strain sensor showed a high strain sensitivity (GF = 2.1). In addition, due to a synergistic effect between the DMSO/H2O binary solvent and CaCl2, the organohydrogel remained flexible (could bend 180°) and conductive (1.01 S m-1) at -20 °C. Interestingly, the TOCNs exerted a reinforcing effect on both the mechanical properties and ionic conductivity. This research provides a novel strategy to prepare ion-conductive organohydrogels with good mechanical properties, conductivity, and anti-freezing properties for use as flexible electronic materials.
Assuntos
Celulose/química , Congelamento , Hidrogéis/química , Nanopartículas/química , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Condutividade Elétrica , Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Resistência à TraçãoRESUMO
Four bacterial strains (LJ126T/S18 and Z-34T/S20) recovered from faecal samples of Tibetan antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China were analysed using a polyphasic approach. All four isolates were aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile, Gram-stain-positive, acid-fast and fast-growing. Phylogenetic analyses based upon 16S rRNA and whole-genome sequences showed that the two pair of strains formed two distinct branches within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Mycolicibacterium. Strains LJ126T/S18 and Z-34T/S20 were most closely related to Mycolicibacterium austroafricanum CCUG 37667T, Mycobacterium aurum NCTC 10437T, Mycobacterium pyrenivorans DSM 44605T, Mycobacterium monacense JCM 15658T, Mycolicibacterium sarraceniae JCM 30395T, Mycolicibacterium tokaiense JCM 6373T and Mycobacterium murale JCM 13392T, but readily distinguished from the known species by a combination of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features and by low average nucleotide identity values (74.4-84.9â%). Consequently, the two strain pairs are considered to represent different novel species of Mycolicibacterium for which the names Mycolicibacterium baixiangningiae sp. nov. and Mycolicibacterium mengxianglii sp. nov. are proposed, with LJ126T (=CGMCC 1.1992T=KCTC 49535T) and Z-34T (=CGMCC 1.1993T=DSM 106172T) as the respective type strains.
Assuntos
Antílopes/microbiologia , Mycobacteriaceae/classificação , Filogenia , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Fezes/microbiologia , Mycobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , TibetRESUMO
Six novel facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-haemolytic bacteria (zg-320T/zg-336, zg-917T/zg-910 and zg-913T/zg-915) isolated from animal tissues and human faeces were found to belong to the genus Corynebacterium based on the phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene and 262 core genes set. Based on the greatest degree of 16S rRNA similarity, zg-320T/zg-336 had the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Corynebacterium falsenii DSM 44353T (97.51â%), zg-917T/zg-910 to Corynebacterium coyleae DSM 44184T (98.68â%), and zg-913T/zg-915 to Corynebacterium afermentans subsp. lipophilum CIP 103500T (98.79â%). The three novel type strains had a relatively high DNA G+C content (61.2-64.4âmol%), low DNA relatedness and ANI values with their respective neighbours: 23.5/72.7â%, 25.0/72.3%and 22.6/73.1â% (zg-320T vs. Corynebacterium auriscanis CIP 106629T, Corynebacterium resistens DSM 45100T and Corynebacterium suicordis DSM 45110T); 24.4/82.3% and 23.7/81.3â% (zg-917T vs. C. coyleae DSM 44184T and Corynebacterium jeddahense JCBT); 26.8/83.7% and 27.7/84.4â% (zg-913T vs. Corynebacterium mucifaciens ATCC 700355T and C. afermentans subsp. lipophilum CCUG 32105T). The three novel species had C16â:â0, C18â:â0, C18â:â1 ω9c and C18â:â0 ante/C18â:â2 ω6,9c as the major cellular fatty acids; MK-8(H2) in strain zg-917T and MK-9(H2) in strains zg-320T and zg-913T were found to be the major respiratory quinones. For the three novel species, the detected major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl inositol mannoside, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, the cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on meso-DAP, and the whole-cell sugars mainly included ribose, arabinose and galactose. The three novel species grew optimally at 35-37 °C, 0.5â% (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0-8.0; notably, they were tolerant of 10.5â% (w/v) NaCl. Based on the results of these comprehensive analyses, three novel species in the genus Corynebacterium are proposed, aptly named Corynebacterium zhongnanshanii sp. nov. (zg-320T = GDMCC 1.1719T = JCM 34106T), Corynebacterium lujinxingii sp. nov. (zg-917T = GDMCC 1.1707T = JCM 34094T) and Corynebacterium wankanglinii sp. nov. (zg-913T = GDMCC 1.1706T = JCM 34398T).
Assuntos
Corynebacterium/classificação , Fezes/microbiologia , Marmota , Filogenia , Traqueia , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , Corynebacterium/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Humanos , Marmota/microbiologia , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Traqueia/microbiologia , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMO
In the present study, four bacterial strains, two (S-713T and 406) isolated from faecal samples of Tibetan antelopes and the other two (S-531T and 1598) from leaves of dandelion collected on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of PR China, were analysed using a polyphasic approach. All four isolates were aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-negative, Gram-stain-positive and catalase-positive. According to four phylogenetic trees, strain pairs S-713T/406 and S-531T/1598 form two independent branches belonging to the genus Nocardioides, and are closest to Nocardioides lianchengensis, Nocardioides dokdonensis, Nocardioides salarius, Nocardioides marinisabuli, Nocardioides psychrotolerans and Nocardioides szechwanensis. Although sharing MK8-(H4) as their major isoprenoid quinone, strains S-713T and S-531T contained C18â:â1 ω9c (24.64 and 16.34â%) and iso-C16â:â0 (9.74 and 29.38â%), respectively, as their main fatty acids, with remarkable differences in their biochemical profiles but only slight ones in their optimal growth conditions. The chromosomes of strains S-713T and S-531T were 4â207â844 bp (G+C content, 73.0 mol%) and 4â809â817 bp (G+C content, 72.5 mol%), respectively. Collectively, the two strain pairs represent two separate novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the names Nocardioides dongkuii sp. nov. and Nocardioides lijunqiniae sp. nov. are proposed, with S-713T (=JCM 33698T=CGMCC 4.7660T) and S-531T (=JCM 33468T=CGMCC 4.7659T) as the respective type strains.
Assuntos
Antílopes/microbiologia , Nocardioides/classificação , Filogenia , Taraxacum/microbiologia , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , Fezes/microbiologia , Nocardioides/isolamento & purificação , Hibridização de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolipídeos/química , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tibet , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/químicaRESUMO
The re-emerging outbreak of COVID-19 in Beijing, China, in the summer of 2020 originated from a SARS-CoV-2-infested wholesale food supermarket. We postulated that the Xinfadi market outbreak has links with food-trade activities. Our Susceptible to the disease, Infectious, and Recovered coupled Agent Based Modelling (SIR-ABM) analysis for studying the diffusion of SARS-CoV-2 particles suggested that the trade-distancing strategy effectively reduces the reproduction number (R0). The retail shop closure strategy reduced the number of visitors to the market by nearly half. In addition, the buy-local policy option reduced the infection by more than 70% in total. Therefore, retail closures and buy-local policies could serve as significantly effective strategies that have the potential to reduce the size of the outbreak and prevent probable outbreaks in the future.