RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of liver cancer has shown different temporal trends across populations, while the underlying reasons remain unclear. METHODS: We examined temporal trends in the incidence of liver cancer in Hong Kong, Sweden, and the United States since the 1970s through 2021 using joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis. RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence rate of liver cancer in Hong Kong steadily decreased (average annual percentage change [AAPC] -2.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI] -2.8% to -1.7% in men; AAPC -2.1%, 95%CI -3.1% to -1.1% in women) in 1983-2020. The rate in Sweden increased on average by 0.8% (95%CI 0.2% to 1.4%) per year in men and was stable in women (AAPC 0.2%, 95%CI -0.9% to 1.4%) in 1970-2021. The rate in the United States increased by 2.1% (95%CI 1.5% to 2.8%) per year in men and by 2.1% (95%CI 1.6% to 2.5%) in women in 1975-2020, but decreasing trends were noted in 2015-2020 (AAPC -6.6%, 95%CI -8.3% to -4.9% in men; AAPC -4.2%, 95%CI -7.5% to -0.5% in women). Stratified analysis by histological type showed such decrease in recent years was limited to hepatocellular carcinoma, rather than intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We observed distinct changes in trends across age groups and different trends across birth cohorts. CONCLUSION: The incidence of liver cancer has decreased in Hong Kong but increased in Sweden and the United States since the 1980s, despite decreasing incidence in the United States since 2015. Such disparities may be explained by different etiology and implementation of preventive measures across populations.
Assuntos
Abscesso , Erros de Diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Abscesso/diagnóstico , Masculino , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Feminino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Invasividade NeoplásicaAssuntos
Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Cefaleia/patologia , Neuroesquistossomose/diagnóstico , Neuroesquistossomose/patologia , Esquistossomose Japônica/diagnóstico , Esquistossomose Japônica/patologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cefaleia/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neuroesquistossomose/cirurgia , Esquistossomose Japônica/cirurgiaRESUMO
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) has been demonstrated to be involved in radioresistance. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of PGK1 on the radioresistance in vivo. U251 glioma cells were transfected with the short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-PGK1 and pcDNA3.1-PGK1 using Lipofectamine 2000. The radiosensitivity of U251 xenografts was observed by tumor growth curve following radiotherapy. Quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate PGK1 expression in the xenografts from the different tumor models. The expression of PGK1 was maximally inhibited in response to shRNA4 at 24 h after the transfection in vitro. Tumor growth of the U251 xenografts was significantly inhibited following treatment with shRNA-PGK1 and radiotherapy. The expression of PGK1 in vivo at the mRNA and protein levels was downregulated by the treatment of shRNA1 when compared to levels following treatment with shNC and PBS after radiotherapy. The results showed that suppression of PGK1 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U251 xenografts and suggest that PGK1 may serve as a useful target in the treatment of radioresistant glioma.
Assuntos
Glioma/genética , Fosfoglicerato Quinase/genética , Tolerância a Radiação/genética , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/efeitos da radiação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Regulação para Baixo , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Glioma/radioterapia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , RNA Interferente Pequeno , Radiação , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) has been found to be increased in radioresistant astrocytomas. The present study was designed to investigate the potential role of PGK1 in the radioresistance in U251 human cells. Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate PGK1 expression for mRNA levels and protein levels, respectively. The short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-PGK1 and the high expression plasmids were transfected to radioresistant U251 cells (RR-U251 cells) or normal U251 cells using lipofectamine™ 2000. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The wound-healing assay (WHA) was used to evaluate cell migration ability. Cell invasion abilities were examined using a Transwell culture chamber system. Our results showed that the expression of PGK1 was significantly increased in RR-U251 cells compared to normal U251 cells. Following irradiation, the cell viability as well as the migration and invasion ability were significantly higher in RR-U251 cells compared with normal U251 cells. Downregulating PGK1 using shRNA induced a significantly downregulated cell viability and decreased migration and invasion ability, and overexpression of PGK1 contributed to upregulated cell viability and increased migration and invasion ability, both in RR-U251 cells and normal U251 cells. These findings suggest that PGK1 could promote radioresistance in U251 human cells.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/radioterapia , Glioma/radioterapia , Fosfoglicerato Quinase/genética , Tolerância a Radiação/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos da radiação , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioma/genética , Humanos , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Fosfoglicerato Quinase/biossíntese , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente PequenoRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the steaming-induced chemical transformation of red ginseng manufactured from fresh ginseng by means of simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analyses with a combinative high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(n)) technique. Thirty-six ginsenosides were identified in red ginseng and white ginseng by comparing the mass spectrum and/or matching the empirical molecular formula with that of known published compounds, and 11 of them were determined to be newly generated during the red ginseng preparatory process. The mechanisms involved were further deduced to be hydrolysis, dehydration, isomerization, and decarboxylation at C-20, and hydrolysis also occurs at C-3 or C-6 of the original ginsenosides through the mimic process of steaming and heating in laboratory. The multicomponent quantification fingerprint of ginseng was also established by HPLC-UV method, and the contents of 12 ginsenosides in red and white ginsengs from different sources were determined simultaneously. The ratio of the total content of determined malonyl ginsenosides to the corresponding neutral ginsenosides (T(m-PPD)/T(PPD)) in white ginseng ranged from 0.46 to 0.62 and from 0 to 0.19 in red ginseng. The validated method is expected to provide an effective approach to standardize the processing procedures of ginseng products and regulate the usage of ginseng in Traditional Chinese Medical prescription.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Ginsenosídeos/análise , Panax/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ginsenosídeos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Padrões de Referência , Vapor , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/normasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Shuanglong formula (SLF), a Chinese medicine composed of panax ginseng and salvia miltiorrhiza exhibited significant effect in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in clinical. Because of the complex nature and lack of stringent quality control, it's difficult to explain the action mechanism of SLF. METHOD: In this study, we present a "system to system" (S2S) mode. Based on this mode, SLF was simplified successively through bioactivity-guided screening to achieve an optimized minimal phytochemical composition (new formula NSLF6) while maintaining its curative effect for MI. RESULTS: Pharmacological test combining with the study of systems biology show that NSLF6 has activity for treatment MI through synergistic therapeutic efficacies between total ginsenosides and total salvianolic acids via promoting cardiac cell regeneration and myocardial angiogenesis, antagonistic myocardial cell oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS: The present S2S mode may be an effective way for the discovery of new composite drugs from traditional medicines.